300 Recent few years we have found that monomers containing functional groups such as -OH,-NH_2,-CHO,and -COOH groups are anionically polymerized by masking the functional groups to produce the living polymers.Here we focus on the anionic polymerization of styrene derivatives with ketones masked with trialkylsilyl enol ethers.p-,m-,and o-(α-trialkylsilyloxyvinyl) styrenes were polymerized in THF at -78°C with oligo(α-methylstyryl)dipotassium.No polymer was obtained in the polymerization of monomer(I) with trimethylsilyl group.On the other hand,polymerizations of monomer(II) and (III) containing t-butyldimethylsilyl groups proceeded without chain termination reactions to afford living polymers.The resulting polymers possessed predictable molecular weights based on the monomer to initiator ratios and narrow molecular weight distributions.The addition of styrene to these living polymers gave block copolymers with well-regulated block lengths.However,no polymerization was occurred in the case of ortho isomer(IV) under the same condition.The deprotection of silyl groups from the resulting poly(II) and (III) was completely achieved by treatment either with dil.HCl or Bu_4NF in THF at room temperature to afford well-defined poly(vinylacetophenone)s. 301 Anionic polymerization of 4-(trimethylsilylethynyl)styrene (1__--) was investigated in THF at -78°C with oligo(α-methylstyryl)lithium or oligo(α-methylstyryl)dipotassium.The reaction mixture retained the characteristic red color similar to living polystyrene until it was quenched with methanol.The polymerization of 1__-- proceeded to afford the polymer in quantitative yield within 30 min.From the ^1H and ^<13>C NMR and IR analyses of the resulting polymer,it was found that the vinyl polymerization proceeded exclusively.The poly(1__--)s thus obtained possessed predictable molecular weights from monomer to initiator ratios and narrow molecular weight distributions (M^^-w, M^^-n = 1.04).The reaction of 1__-- with living polystyrene gave a tailor-made block copolymer.These results clearly indicate that the anionic polymerization of 1__-- gives a stable living polymer.The complete deprotection of trimethylsilyl group from poly(1__--) was successfully achieved by treating with tetrabutylammonium fluoride at 0°C for 1 h to give a poly(4-ethynylstyrene) with well-defined chain structure. 302 The anionic polymerizations of N,N-dimethyl(4-vinylbenzenesulfonamide)(1),N,N-diethyl(4-vinylbenzenesulfonamide)(2),and N-[(4-vinylphenyl)sulfonyl]-N'-methylpiperazine(3) were investigated in THF at -78°C.The initiators involved butyllithium,lithium naphthalenide,and potassium naphthalenide capped with α-methylstyrene,1,1-diphenylethylene,and 1,1-bis[4'-(trimethylsilyl)phenyl]ethylene.The reaction mixtures always were colored dark red,similar to that observed in the living polystyrene.The polymerization of these monomers all proceeded well to give the polymers in quantitative yields.The resulting polymers from (1),(2),and (3) were found to possess predictable molecular weights based on monomer to initiator ratios and narrow molecular weight distributions (M^^-w, M^^-n = 1.08-1.14).These results as well as the observation that the systems exhibited dark red in color strongly suggest that the polymerizations of (1),(2),and (3) proceed without chain terminations to afford new living polymers having sulfonamide functions.Several attempts to hydrolyze poly(3) to poly(p-styrenesulfonic acid) failed. 303 Recently we have reported that well-defined telechelic polymers with primary amines at their chain ends were obtained by the reactions of anionic living polymers with N-(phenylmethylene) trimethylsilanamine and 2,2,5,5-tetramethy1-1-(3-bromopropyl)-1-aza-2,5-disilacyclopentane having protected amine functionalities.The reactions proceeded well to give the aminated polystyrenes and polyisoprenes at one or two chain ends.The degrees of amination were excellent generally up to 95%.Here we report the synthesis of polystyrenes with carboxy groups at their chain ends similarly by the reactions of living polystyrenes with 4-bromo-1,1,1-trimethoxybutane(I).The reactions were usually carried out in THF at -78°C for 12h and at room temperature for 1h.The end groups of resulting polystyrenes were converted to carboxy function by treatment of acid and then base under the mild conditions.The carboxy functionality was determined by both acid-base titration and TLC-FID method.The polystyrenes thus obtained were found to have the carboxy groups at their chain ends with nearly quantitative degrees. 304 The polymer blend of α,ω-diamino polystyrene(aminated-PS) and α,ω-dicarboxy poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO-acid) was found to form the microphase separated structure by strong interaction between amino and carboxy groups.Lamellar structure was observed by SEM everywhere in cross section of the polymer blend film.The period(180°) of the lamellar structure observed by SEM fairly agreed with the value(188°) obtained by SAXS.The polymer blend was washed in cyclohexane at 40°C overnight and separated into soluble and insoluble parts.The soluble part is almost aminated-PS,which does not form a salt with PEO-acid.The insoluble one is a polymer complex of aminated-PS and PEO-acid.The molar ratios of the aminated-PS , PEO-acid in the polymer complex were measured by ^1H-NMR to be from 0.35 to 0.70.Microphase separated structure and the period of the polymer blend of α,ω-dicarboxy-PS and α,ω-diamino PEO were also investigated by TEM and SAXS. 305 In order to synthesize well-defined telechelic polymers(controlled molecular weight,narrow molecular weight distribution,and quantitative end functionalization),we have carried out the reactions of anionic living polymers of styrene and isoprene with nine ω-halo compounds having protected functionalities of amino,carboxy,and hydroxy groups.The reactions are found to undergo very well in each of all conbinations to afford the polystyrenes and polyisoprenes end groups of which are almost quantitatively functionalized by NH_2,COOH,and OH groups. 306 A new printed board connector with coaxitial pulug-jack construction is proposed.This connector applies to high-speed pulse propagation between printed board assembly and back panel in a rack system.The connector construction outline and high-speed transmission performance are described.Especially,the good performance in impedance matching and reduction of crosstalk between signal terminals are stressed. 307 The multipin connector in a rack system for high-speed board-to-board signal transmission is evaluated in terms of noise,connector-pin density and plated through hole productivity.The optimum pin pitch is either 2-mm grid or 1.27-mm staggered grid. 308 A differential capacitance silicon accelerometer was fabricated.It is 5 × 6 × 0.9 mm^3 in size and has glass-silicon-glass structure bonded in vacuum.A silicon seismic mass is suspended with 64 beams of silicon-oxynitride.Two capacitors(about 15pF) between seismic mass and both metal electrodes on glass plates are formed and their capacitance difference was used to measure the acceleration.The sensitivity and the cut off frequency was about 0.6pF, G (1G=9.8m/s^2) and 10Hz respectively. 309 Because of a focus on technical issues in B-ISDN research,there are several problems such as the effect of cell loss and delay on service quality and the use of complicated and difficult negotiation parameters,etc.In this paper,these problems are ordered in three points,and the new concept of UNI,that solves these problems with a reconsideration of network and terminal functional assignments,is proposed.The points of the proposed UNI are as follows:1)partitioning of the number of transmission cells to terminals from network;2)randomization of cell transmission timing;3)cell transmission control for manipulating cell discarding or delaying under terminals' control.Furthermore proposed UNI can apply to the optical passive multipoint connection. 310 We began development of a damper which is semi-active vibration device for structural control.We proposed a oil-damper which can cange automatically resistant force of structure.And we made real small scale oil-damper to obtain the characteristic of this oil-damper and experient by seismic test facilities.In consequence,following were obtained.this oil-damper can control large resistant force of structure by small horse-power and protect the building against earthquake attacks. 311 When a high-frequency disturbance penetrates into a resonant switching converter and its frequency is close to the fundamental and the harmonics of the converter's switching frequency,the output voltage oscillates at a beat frequency.When the disturbance frequency becomes extremely close to the converter's switching frequency,the resonant switching converter becomes unstable and its output voltage oscillates at a low frequency which is different from the abovementioned beat frequency.This periodic oscillation changes into a chaotic one through the period-doubling bifurcation.This paper analyzes the beat phenomenon and the chaotic oscillation in a resonant switching coverter. 312 The authors present a new architecture for high-speed,binary image compression, expansion LSI.The data paths among its pipeline-stages are unidirectional and utilized for both of the two(compression and expansion)operational modes.Also,most of the major logic blocks in the stages are utilized for the both modes.These features are expected to reduce the chiparea required.The architecture matches with the high-speed expansion scheme,Parallel Image Streaming,which the authors proposed previously.Using the architecture,a VLSI chip was designed,fabricated and evaluated. 313 Polymer dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs) are most interesting for display application for a lot of advantages.Recently we have attempted to develop a new kind of polymer dispersed liquid crystals with cholesteric focal conic polydomain texture in polymer matrix.In this paper,it will discussed the applied voltage and frequency on response time for such kind of PDLCs.It was found that the rise time always increased with increasing voltage but decreased with increasing frequency.However,the decay time against the voltage and frequency was completely different from that of rise time.Also,it was found that when the frequency range was near to τ_d value (1, f=^^*?_d),the frequency strongly affected on τ_d.And τ_d gave a little bit flactuated values.Of cause,if τ_d is much longer,such as τ_d >>1/f,τ_d is a stable value.Also,when the applied electric frequency was increased over the range of perturbation movement of the LC molecules,the flactuation of τ_d would disappear and τ_d would become much smaller and was a stable value. 314 Liquid crystalline state is an unique state,in which both liquid-like properties (mechanically) and solid crystal-like properties (optically) appear at the same time.Rheo-optical method is considered to be a good tool to investigate on a liquid crystalline nature.A newly designed apparatus have been used for the measurements of the rheo-optical properties of polymeric liquid crystals.Dynamic mechanical quantities and birefringence change during sinusoidal shear deformation of a sample have been observed at the same time at various mechanical frequencies.The amplitude of periodical change of the birefringence δ(Δn) of a polymeric liquid crystal (Racemic PBG 20wt% m-cresol solution) stays almost constant with increasing frequency up to about 100 (rad, sec).Then,over 100 (rad/sec) it decreases suddenly with increasing frequency. 315 This paper discusses an effective method for controlling vibration of mobile robot.Due to its own elasticity,a mobile robot suffers from unfavorable vibration while travelling along its route,which causes undesirable positioning accuracies.We established a mathematical model of the mobile robot.Based on this model,we designed a vibration control system in which the rotational elasticity of the mobile robot is taken into account.The experimental results showed that the vibration control system proposed here is useful in practical applications. 316 In spite of the excellent heat resistance,there have been large difficulties in making wholly aromatic polyimides highly oriented to be high strength materials.It may be because of the difficulty in obtaining highly oriented poly(amide acid)s as the precursors by conventional processes.In the present study,poly(imide-amide acid)(PIAA) having the rigid imide-units in the chain was prepared.The molecular orientation of this precursor and the crystallinity of polyimide(PI)induced by this molecular orientation were evaluated after imidization.Imide-dianhydride was prepared by a reaction between pyromellitic-dianhydride and 3,3'-dimethyldiphenyl-4,4'-diisocyanate with 2:1 molar ratio in dimetylacetamide (DMAc) under N_2 atmosphere at 50°C for about 20 minutes.The conversion of this reaction could reach almost 100% using triethylamine as the catalyst.After the catalyst removed under reduced pressure,the PIAA was prepared by the addition of oxydianiline with a constant agitation at room temperature overnight under N_2 atmosphere.Polymer product in DMAc was then dry-wet spun into fine filament at various draw down ratios.PIAA fibers obtained at a ratio of 9.8 were cold-drawn to the prescribed ratios.Fibers thus obtained were heated up to 300°C under N_2 atmosphere for imidization.Both tensile strength and modulus of the PI fibers were found to increase with increasing draw down ratio and draw ratio.Wide angle X-ray diffraction patterns of these fibers indicated the crystallization was induced by molecular orientation.The draw down process at the fiber spinning gave greater influence to the fiber properties as compared with the cold drawing.These results suggest that crystallosolvates due to the rigid imide-units in PIAA were oriented in elongational field,resulting in the highly oriented structure of the PI fibers.As the results,PI fibers with high tensile strength and modulus (maximum strength = 4.6 GPa,modulus = 107 GPa) were successfully obtained by dry-wet spinning and imidization of PIAA having the rigid imide-units. 317 This paper describes a method of sensing burrs on a cast.In this case it's assumed that they only exist in a small openning between two patterns and that their standlines are roughly predictable.The sensor is to be attached to a grinding robot and it directs a robot's movement based on a result of sensing.From another point of view,this can be used as a inspector after deburring.By this it becomes possible to recognize their precise positions and remove almost all of them without grinding to excess.This device consists of various optical elements such as fiberglass linked to laser-diode,SELFOC-lens attached to the head of fiberglass,one-demensional semiconductor PSD,etc.By optical means it measures distances to a object at a very small pitch so that it can detect burrs and their vicinity. 318 Several polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFAs)are known to significantly suppress proliferation of cancer cells.^1)In the previous report,we have reported that α-linolenic acid(ALA)shows strong and selective cytotoxicity against human colon cancer cells.^2)However,direct in vivo administration of ALA into animal may not be effective in the cancer treatment,because ALA itself is not expected to be accumulated into tumor cells.In order to attain effective in vivo delivery of ALA,a carrier which is stable and targetable to a tumor cell must be developed.From this viewpoint,we have newly developed a methodology to use an O, W-emulsion.This involves solubilization of ALA into an aggregate formed with cholesterol-bearing pullulan(CHP)under ultrasonic irradiation.^3)In this study,we investigated(1)particle size and stability of CHP emulsified ALA in an aqueous solution,(2)anti-tumor activity of CHP-emulsified ALA,and(3)tumor cell uptake of CHP-emulsified ALA.First of all,we measured particle size of CHP-emulsified ALA as a function of sonication time by means of dynamic light scattering method.Diameter of CHP-emulsified ALA first decreased as a function of sonication time,and became constant(245 nm)by sonication for more than 90 min.Secondly,effects of CHP-aggregate,free ALA,and CHP-emulsified ALA on proliferation of human colon cancer cells in culture were investigated.Emulsification of ALA by CHP brought about the higher anti-tumor activity compared with free ALA.Of course,CHP-aggregate itself did not show any cytotoxicity.In order to know ghe possible machanism of the high anti-tumor activity of CHP-emulsified ALA,we compared the internalization efficiency of free ALA and CHP-emulsified ALA to cancer cells by using £^<14>C -ALA.However,significant difference in the cell uptake efficiency was not observed between free ALA and CHP-emulsified ALA.This result is very suggestive to consider that the large difference in the cytotoxicity between the two systems may be due to the difference in the internalization pathway of ALA;namely,free ALA is directy diffused into cytoplasm membrane while CHP-emulsified ALA is most probably internalized by endocytosis.This difference will result in the different fate of ALA in the cell.Reference1)M.Numata and Y.Isoda,Chemistry and Chemical Industry,39,151-153(1986).2)H.Fukui,K.Akiyoshi,T.Sato,J.Sunamoto,and Y.Isoda,The 5th Symposium on Biofunctional Chemistry,Abst.,57(1990).3)S.Yamaguchi,K.Akiyoshi,and J.Sunamoto,Polymer Preprints,Japan,39(3),937(1990). 319 Electrochromic characteristics of naphthylthio-hydrazone derivatives have been studied in organic solvent.These new materials were obtained by condensation reaction with methyl substituted naphthylpropionealdehyde derivatives and hydrazine derivatives.Electrochromic phenomena were founded to color by the oxidation-reduction reaction in electrode reaction in organic solvent.These coloration mechanism have been discussed with simple hydrazone derivatives by electrochemical oxidation. 320 A large-scale project is complex and needs various and plenty of resources(laborer,material,machine,etc)for a long time.So scheduling at pre-execution stage in a large-scale project is important.Besides,in cold districts,we must consider a drop of work efficience by wind and snow.So scheduling that include resource assignment needs much manpower.The concept of this scheduling system is to reduce the manpower and improve the scheduling quarity at pre-execution stage in a large-scale project.This paper describes the method of resource assignment and the outline of the computer system. 321 Compact size of optical disk drive is desired to strongly endure external vibration because of its portability.Both objective lens velocity feeding back method in a tracking servo system and two-degree-of-freedom velocity control method using a linear motor during seek motion worked effectively in order to improve enduring performance of optical disk drive against external vibration. 322 In this paper,a double layered self-diplexing antenna (SDA) using circular microstrip antenna for transmitting and ring patch antenna for receiving has been analysed by a cavity model to clarify the mechanism of the mutual coupling between the transmitting and the receiving antennas.Key factors to reduce the mutual coupling are the arrangement of the feed pin location for 2-feed SDA and minimizing the amplitude error of hybrid circuits for 4-feed SDA.We also verified analysis results by experiments. 323 Characteristics of spatial coherence of laser light can be used to manipulate a subμm--μm single particle by optical trapping technique.We have already reported development of the laser trapping-spectroscopy-ablation system comprised of cw and pulsed Nd^<3+>:YAG lasers as well as of an optical microscope.Both time-resolved emission spectra and laser ablative penetration of a single laser-trapped,dye-doped polymer latex particle in water have been demonstrated^<1,2)>.We report here the first observation of laser ablation of a single microcapsule containing a toluene solution of pyrene.A photograph in Fig1-a shows three-dimensional optical trapping of the microcapsule.When a 355 nm laser pulse(7ns fwhm,41.7J, cm^2) was irradiated to the microcapsule,only morphological change of the capsule was observed without any ablative decomposition.The ablation of the microcapsule was observed by illumination of a 1.37 KJ/cm^2 laser pulse.The inner toluene solution ejected from the microcapsule was also optically trapped.Using the present techniques,it will be possible to manipulate a microcapsule and chemically modify various materials with a capsule containing desired functional molecules.References1)H.Misawa,M.Koshioka,K,Sasaki,N.Kitamura,and H.Masuhara,The 59th Annual Meeting of the Chemical Society of Japan Book of,Abstracts,p729,Yokohama(1990).2)H.Misawa,M.Koshioka,K.Ssaki,N.KAitamura,and H.Masuhara,Chem.Lett.,No.8(1990)in press. 324 It is necessary to grasp the stress-strain relationship and evaluate the nonlinear behavior of the ground directly.From this point of view,the method of nonlinear earthquake response analysis,which takes into account of the interaction between soil skelton and pore water,is developed.In this study,the analyses of the behavior of sand in undrainded ciclic shear loading are performed by means of this analysis method.From the comparison with the liquefaction test results,it is proved that the results of these analyses agree with the real behavior of sand such as ciclic mobility fairly well and this analysis method is capable of being applied to the field ploblems. 325 The Strcutures under the ground come to the surface when the ground was Liquefied in many ealthquakes.When cuttoff walls are used around the structures,it will be prevent coming to the Surface of the structrures.So that,using the Cuttoff walls is usuful to prevent the coming up of the structures under the ground 326 The generation of transform limited (TL) optical pulses from laser-diodes are required for ultra-high speed optical transmission system to reduce excess pulse-broadening due to fiber-disperson.In this paper,we successfully generate TL pulses from 1.55um gain-switched DFB-LD at a 10GHz repetition rate utilizing linear compression and spectrum window technique.The pulse width and time-bandwidth product are 5.8ps and 0.44,respectively.The attained TL pulses are compressed with adiabatic soliton compression,which advantageously produces compressed pulses preserving their TL condition.The compression condition is analyzed with beam propagation method(BPM).We demonstrate the adiabatic soliton compression with distributed fiber Raman amplifier(DFRA),and generate the 3.6ps pulse with the 0.40 time-bandwidth product.The nonlinear interaction between the compressed pulse-pair is also analyzed with BPM.As the result,the pule-pair can be propagated through 300 soliton periods without significant interaction. 327 The structure of tool,the real-world of which is office work by handwriting,is proposed.The concept proposed involves explosion including document and work, service; classification defining address in the bill of materials; document reduction into three categories: complete table,list and control register; and a worksheet containing both data and procedures.In this report,it is shown that the control register controls documents in detail,and efforts are made to keep shallow layers and to cope with continuous occurrence of changes.Based on the analysis,I propose the structure of tool which transplants handwriting work as is to work on the display. 328 In the course of investigation on the rerationship between the molecular structure and the immunopharmacological activity of Lipid A monosaccharide analogs,it has been demonstrated that total three fatty acyl groups are of necessity for expression of the beneficial biological activities.It was also showen that the most suitable chain length is C_<12> or C_<14>.In the present study,we have synthesized a variety of new type of Lipid-A monosaccharide analogs which have total three fatty acyl groups at the C-1,C-2 and C-3 positions of the glucosamine skeleton.We have descrive the synthetic procedure and the structure-activity,rerationships of such new compounds. 329 We develope inclined ground anchors which are compression type with center-lizer.So we experiment constitution and execution tests,that is put into sandy gravel and mudstone.As the results of experiment,we came to the good conclusion that is drilling accuracy,grout-thickness. 330 Inclined ground anchor has possibility of difference pull-out capacity with anchor angle of different degrees.So we experiment with compression type inclined ground anchor pull-out tests which have parameters of anchor angle of degrees (45°,30°,15°),that is put into sandy gravel.As the experiment of result,we come to the conclusion that is almost no influence on pull-out capacity with anchor angle of different degrees. 331 Inclined ground anchor has possibility of influence on pull-out capacity with anchor angle of different degree.And when it is put into clayey layers,it has possibility of the decrease in tension with the creep in clayey layers.So we experiment with compression type parmanent inclined anchor pull-out tests which have parameter of anchor angle of 45°,30°,15°degrees,and to creep test for two months that is put into mudstone(Dotan).As result of the experiments,we come to conclusion,that anchor angle of different degrees has no influence on pull-out capacity,and there is 2.3 percent of the decrease in tension in mudstone(Dotan). 332 This paper describes a collision-free path generation method for robot manipulator.Collision avoidance algorithm is based on a heuristic graph search with potential value.Potential value is obtained by imaging several models they are gradually larger than obstacles.So potential value is in proportion to the distance to obstacles.As we adopt potential value in a collision avoidance algorithm,we got a desirable path which is distant from obstacles moderately. 333 Uno proposed that the trajectory followed by human subject arms tended to minimize the time integral of square of the rate of change of torque.This minimum torque-change model predicted and reproduced human multi-joint movement data well.And Kawato proposed a neural network model (Cascade neural network model) for trajectory formation based on the minimum torque-change criterion.However,there are three criticism against cascade neural network model.(1)spatial representation of time,(2)backpropagation is used,(3)the number of iterations is too large.So,we propose a new neural network model for trajectory formation based on the minimum torque-change criterion.Our neural network model uses a forward dynamics model,an inverse dynamics model and an approximated minimum torque-change model.Our model need not to use spatial representation of time and backpropagation.And The number of iterations is not large.That is 30 or 40 iterations to get an approximated optimal solution.Finally,our proposed method can be used in engineering field because our method is a new method for optimal problem with terminal conditions. 334 In this study,we tried to make a mechanical damper different from a conventional one.We made a composite by mixing piezoelectric ceramic grains and conducting carbon black (CB) particles into a polymer matrix.Mechanical vibration energy,transmitted to ceramic grains,is converted into alternating electrical potential energy by piezoelectric effect,and further converted into Joule's heat through the conduction paths between the CB particles.Polymer matrix gives mechanical flexibility to the composite.We used PZT as a piezoelectric ceramic and PVDF as a polymer matrix in this study.Volume fraction of PZT grains was fixed to 0.50 and conductivity was changed by content of CB particles.The relation between damping efficiency and conductivity of the composite was examined.We measured displacement of the oscillated sample by a non-contact sensor,and calculated the damping time constant.The damping time constant was a minimum for a suitable conductivity,corresponded to a maximum of damping efficiency.When the proper oscillation frequency and capacitance of PZT grains are ω and C respectively,the impedance of PZT is 1, ωC.Supposing that resistance of conduction paths is R,the damping efficiency will be maximum for the impedance matching resistance:R=1/ωC.Furthermore,we prepared the samples substituted PLZT for PZT,having larger electromechanical coupling factor than PZT,and measured damping.As expected,the damping time constant of PLZT, CB/PVDF composite was smaller than that of PZT/CB/PVDF composite.Since,it is concluded that damping efficiency is controlled by electromechanical coupling factor of piezoelectric ceramic and conductivity through the conduction paths of CB particles. 335 The KMOV elliptic cryptosystem seems to be more secure than the RSA scheme from viewpoint of some attacks that do not use factoring such as low multiplier attacks.We discuss fast encryption, decryption method of this scheme in affine coordinates and homogeneous coordinates.In particular,we investigate speeding up methods for computing a multiple of a point P on the elliptic curve.As a result,if parallel processing is used,the encryption/decryption speed of the KMOV elliptic cryptosytem is about 2/3 of the speed of the RSA scheme. 336 Fault-tolerance can be achieved by synchronizing replicated processes and letting a backup process take over the failed master process.However,it is difficult to synchronize them closely in distributed systems.This paper proposes a new method for achieving fault-tolerance by weakly synchronizing processes:(1)Let every replica have the same event history by letting every message be received in the same order by every replica.(2)Let every send event be executed exactly once in the replicated processes by prohibiting backup processes from being ahead of the master process at every send event.This method needs not take checkpoints,roll back,and broadcast every failure to every process. 337 This paper demonstrates a new configuration of WSI (Wafer Scale Integration) file memory system with new redundancy technology,that is,address-permutation and spare-switching.This system is basically constructed of several DRAM chip groups and a shift-register loop.In order to improve yield,this paper proposes a new technology which scatters defective memory blocks by adding weight parameters to the block address of the chip,divided into several blocks,and switches them to the blocks of the spare chip.The SEC-DED code is applied to this system in order to enhance yield and also to correct soft errors in DRAMs during on-line operation.This system also contains built-in self-test circuit in which test result gives starting autonomous defect tolerance.As a typical configuration,the system has 40.5 [MB] memory capacity and 64.8 [MB, sec] data-ransfer-rate under 20 [MHz] clock frequency on 6-inch wafer with 5 [/cm^2] defect-density,and finally this can be realized with 33 [%] redundancy-rate and 71.9 [%] yield. 338 We have developed a multi-channel active noise canceler which has a general purpose of the system estimation,that is to examine the control method to electronically cancel the noise in the 3 dimensional sound field,and made some experiments of noise control by making use of its charachteristics,that four adaptive filters can be randomly combined.As a result,it has turned out that an excellent effect of noise control can be obtained even in the 3 dimensional sound field by using these four adaptive filters having the high speed and long taps based on the some number of DSP's processed in parallel. 339 In order to give hydrophobicity to mono-dispersed silica colloid by polymer modification,polymer attachments were studied by means of coupling reaction using polymer coupling agents and polymerization on the colloid particle surface.The reaction of polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate)-silyl coupling agents with silica colloid gave dispersible polymer, SiO_2 composites in nonpolar solvents,such as THF,chloroform and benzene.A SEM micrograph of the composite showed the particle size retained as they are.Polymerization of styrene and methyl methacrylate in the ethanol-colloid solution using azo-amine⋅HCl initiator resulted in the polymer attachment without aggregation of silica colloid. 340 Cell loss probability is of the order of d^2 between originator and destination which are located over parallelogram type of distributed network,where d is a uniform discard rate of cell at each cross-connect node.The probability is degraded to fewer order than d^2 or d according to location of transversal giant traffic flow and failure in the network. 341 Alternate routing to avoid failure point and giant traffic flow decreases delay between originator and destination which are located over parallelogram type of distributed network with negative exponential distribution of line load centerized at the failure point and the flow,respectively.The maximal decreasing rates are about 40% and 80% of maximal delay to 90% of line load at nodes which most nearly locate around the failure point and locate in the giant flow,respectively. 342 A twist compression bonding technique was used by Sicorski to determine the coefficient of adhesion in air for various metals.However there was a problem in a view of reproducibility.Differences exist in the behavior of breaking surface films.A special equipment was made to measure dynamic friction force and contact resistance of metals in sliding.A value of coefficient of adhesion and an adhesion energy that is based on Rabinowicz's model are correlated.The coefficient of adhesion of substitutional alloys decrease with the solute content.In case of different metal conbination the coefficient of adhesion changes because of transfering of x material. 343 In this paper,a bit line control circuit scheme and redundancy technique are described for high-density dynamic CAM's (content addressable memories).Furthermore,their application to 288-kbit CAM is also reported. 344 In this paper,the result of performance evaluation by computer simulation for a multiple-ring LAN constituted with plural slotted rings.IN the first,two transfer methods on this LAN are proposed.One is the method that no restriction is plased for the selection of rings when a node transfers segmentted informations(SIs)to other nodes,the other is that some SIs segmentted from one packet are transfered on same ring.As the result of this computer simulation,it became clear that the former had higher transmission efficiency than the latter when the traffic was high,but the transmission efficiency was same between both methods when the traffic was low.And it became clear that the latter had a peek in the throughput characteristics. 345 The behavior of prestressed concrete beam reinforced with FRP is very brittleness.In order to improve this behavior,we used the confined concrete on PC beam reinforced with FRP.This paper describes experimental study for that using confined concrete and normal concrete.As a result,the toughness of that using confined concrete is larger,and this method is very useful to improve the brittle behavior of PC beam reinforced with FRP. 346 This paper shows an implementation of a thread (light-weight process) control mechanism for a distributed object-oriented switching program on processors with logical address space mechanism.Threads can be executed concurrently in a logical address space.Both high performance and reliability are achieved by using a logical space for each switching program module and efficient thread control mechanism.The thread control mechanism has the following features.Thread control blocks are in an individual application program space to reduce thread context switch overhead.Message buffers are in a shared memory space,and an object can send a message only by transferring the pointer to the buffer to avoid copying the content of message.An Exception is notified to an object by messages passing.Each thread has no kernel stack to reduce the amount of memory. 347 This paper proposes a new restoration algorithm for telecommunication systems called"Double Sender Type Selfhealing Algorithm".This algorithm is expected to enable flexible operation and fast restoration of failed links.Simulation studies reveal that this algorithm is more effective in the case of multi failure than the selfhealing algorithm which is based on Single Sender Type.An application of this selfhealing algorithm for ATM network is also described. 348 Wholly aromatic polyimides have been accepted as thermally stable engineering plastics.However,they have some shortcomings for processing,especially they are insoluble in organic solvents.This can be suppressed by the introduction of bulky substituents into polymer backbone.Recent studies revealed that soluble polyimides with good thermal properties were obtained from diamines having bulky pendant phenyl groups.We report herein the preparation of new polyimides by the reaction of N,N'-bis(4-aminophenyl)-N,N'-diphenyl benzidine with aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides.Inherent viscosites of all of the polyimides were in the range of 0.67 to 0.91 dL, g.These polymers had ralatively good thermal stability,exhibiting no weight loss below 400 °C(by TG)and glass transition temperatures higher than 293 °C.Some of these polymers were soluble in NMP,DMAC,m-Cresol,and pyridine. 349 We have recently reported the synthesis and preliminary lithographic characteristics of two novel organosilicon polymers obtained by a free-radical copolymerization of p-trimethylsilylstyrene(la) and p-pentamethyldisilylstyrene(lb) with sulfur dioxide.In the present work,we have evaluated these materials as high-resolution,oxygen reactive-ion etching resistant,electron-beam resists for the fabrication of gratings for optoelectronic applications.Both copolymers possessed an electron-beam sensitivity of ca.5 to 8μC, cm^2 at 50 keV when developed in a 40/60 vol/vol mixture of toluene and isopropanol at 15°C.The lithographic contrast values obtained under such development conditions were between 2 and 3.Both copolymers exhibited very good stability under O_2 RIE conditions,and the etch rates for poly(la sulfone) and poly(lb sulfone) were 3.4 and 2.5 nm/min at -350 V and 15 mTorr O_2.This value is 26 and 36 times slower than that of a hard-baked Novolac resin.High-resolution tests have been performed in which a thin (50-100 nm) imaging layer of poly(la sulfone) was spin-coated on top of either hard-baked Novolac resin or plasma-deposited diamond-like carbon and exposed with a 50 keV electron beam at a dose of ca.0.26 nC/cm at 50 keV (13μC/cm^2).The exposed patterns were developed and transferred by O_2 RIE into a 200-500 nm thick planarizing layer to give well-resolved 200 nm pitch grating structures that are of fundamental importance in optoelectronics. 350 Poly(silylated styrene sulfone)s have been investigated for high sensitive high resolution positive tone resist extensively.We demonstrated previously that copolymer obtained from p-trimethyl(1S) and p-pentamethyldisilylstyrene(2S) and sulfur dioxide at low temperature possessed unique properties which were degradated easily by the exposure of the incident energy such as deep UV light and electron beam.As the results of the extensive effort to get suitable condition for these copolymers as positive working resist indicated these copolymers were promising candidate for the one of those which could be used as the top imaging layer of the two layer resist system.When the developer of methylisobutylketone and methylcyclohexane was employed at 14°C,0.2μm-pitch resolution pattern could be fabricated in 50nm thick film of poly(1S sulfone),which was overcoated on 200nm thick hard-baked novolacresin film.And also these copolymer's film were very stable in the various conditions of O_2 plasma.This stability was in marked contrast to the behavior of poly(alkenylsilane sulfone) which needed a special "passivation" step to enhance stability against O_2 plasma.We will mention also about the evaluation these copolymers as deep UV resist. 351 Barrier ribs in the color PDP have usually been fabricated by multiple screen printing.However,the precise rib printing of fine patterns for the high resolution display panel is difficult to make well in proportion as the panel size grow larger.On the other hand,luminance and luminous efficiency of reflective phosphor screen will be expected to increase when the phosphor is deposited on the inner wall of display cells.Sandblasting technique has been applied to make barrier ribs for the high resolution PDP and nonffat phosphor screens on the inner wall of display cells. 352 A new structured color DC-PDP with surface-discharge (SD) scheme was proposed to improve the luminance and luminous efficacy of the panel.On the first step for study,SD structured cells were fabricated with conventional structured cells in the same panel,and static and dynamic operations have been compared with each other.A stable full-color TV picture has then been displayed on the SD panel with pulse memory driving. 353 The transmission efficiency of Code Shift keying system in which an information is carried on the number in shifted bit of an M sequence is examined.Two systems,(A) Single Sequence and (B) Multiplexed Sequence,are taken here.Relative transmission speed ϱ is defined as the ratio of CSK to BPSK with an error rate.For an error rate of 10^<-7>,under interference noise conditions,ϱ of system A shows 4-6.The characteristics of system B indicates slightly disadvantageous than those of system A. 354 Mechanism for generating a cross-coupled mode which couples from one stripe to the other in a twin-stripe laser diode is described.A twin-stripe laser generating a cross-coupled mode acts as an optical flip-flop with the complementary output without any additional element.The mode was first observed by White and Carroll of Cambridge University in 1983,but the mechanism for generating the mode was not understood until the author and those in Cambridge theoretically clarified it recently.The outline of the theory and important characteristics of the mode are presented.The most exciting result is that there is a condition that the strongest peak of the light is in the waveguide with the least gain. 355 As a neural network making minimization possible for a standard type of quadratic functions with square terms,we present an interconnected neural network with no loops but with thresholds of neurons to which the halves of coefficients of the square terms are added. 356 Automatic face recognition is one of the most important subjects of human image processing which will surely bring about intelligent human computer interaction as well as intelligent remote tele-monitoring technologies.Thus,automatic facial feature extraction is very important for automatic face recognition.This paper presents a method of facial image segmentation using color information to extract facial standard points(eyes and mouth)which are applied to normalize face size and position in the image.This algorithm is composed of two major steps: (1)region segmentation to select candidates of facial standard points,and(2)inspection of the candidates.The proposed method has been successfully applied to the face recognition experiment using various face images. 357 The research of valuable calcium sources is important for the prevention of osteoporosis.Japan is becoming a more elderly society,consequently this research is becoming increasingly important.It is known that various food components affect calcium metabolism.In this study the effect of soybean milk,it has high quality protein and minerals,as a protein source was examined on bone metabolism in ovariectomized osteoporotic rats.Six-week-old SD-strain female rats were ovariectomized and were fed a low Ca diet(0.01%Ca,0.3%P) for 28 days.Thereafter the rats were divided into 2 groups.A control group was fed a "Casein diet(0.3%Ca,0.3%P)",and the other group was fed a"Casein-Soybean milk diet(0.3%Ca,0.3%P)"ad libitum for 27 days.The results were as follows.In comparison with the control group the caseinsoybean milk group has significant increases in,(1)BMD (Bone Mineral Density(DEXA Hologic's QDR-1000)) of tibial proximal metaphysis,a mainly trabecular bone,and BMD of tibial diaphysis,a mainly cortical bone,(2)the breaking force and energy of femur.These results suggest soybean milk could be effective in increasing BMD,breaking force and energy in osteoporotic model rats.These could be practical,as it is easy to supplement the diet with soybean milk and soybean milk products. 358 Two chitinases of Rhizopus oligosporus were purified and the genes encoding them(chi1,chi2)were cloned.From the analyses of Chi1,it was suggested that Chi1 was processed at its C-terminal region after synsthesized as a prepro-form.Chitinase genes of Rniveus were also cloned with chi2 of R.oligosporus as a probe.Three chitin synthase genes were isolated from R.ligosporus with CHS2 or CAL1 of S.cerevisiae as a probe.Two chitin synthase genes(chsA,chsB)were also cloned from Aspergillus nidulans.Although the disruption of chsA caused little change of phenotype,that of chsB caused heavy defect of hyphae growth. 359 Differential attack is known as one of the most powerful cryptanalysis tools introduced by Biham and Shamir.The fact that most DES-like ciphers are static or almost static,for a fixed differential input,has permitted many encipherment processes to be analyzed in detailed,and the attacks have succeeded in many cases.This paper proposes the concept that secret key encipherment algorithms should dynamically change under the control of the encipherment key;successful differential attack becomes practically impossible because of the huge analysis burden while there is only a small increase in encipherment overhead.We discuss a practical design method of secret key encipherment algorithms based on the concept,where differential and quasidifferential filters are proposed.The filters can be built into encipherment processing elements to dynamically change their algorithm structure.A typical result is that attack on an 8-round DES-like ciphers can be successfully blocked in the sense that 2^<64> ciphertexts would be needed for the attack to succeed.The paper also describes the open problem of differential attack on a modified DES cipher that is formed by the proposed method. 360 In the synthesis problem solving domain such as design problems,searching strategy has impotant role in.order to overcome combinatorial explosion.Thus,squiring control knowledge becomes bottle-neck of building practical systems.This paper desicribes a framework for leaming to solve problems with analogy from ategy structures.The priciple and method of the proposed framework is described using an example system to solve tile-puzzles.Finaly,discussion for extending this framework to solve real design problems is described. 361 To improve the quality of Japanese speech synthesis,rules have been developed for the appropriate pauses in a synthesis by rule.Previous work reported on the frequency and occurrence of pauses in one speaker's readings,and this paper presents an analysis of the distribution of pause lengths in recordings of sentence speech data from ten professional broadcasters.The relation between phrase structure and pause location was examined and great individual variability was found.We could see little relation between structure and pausing.However,those locations in which all ten speakers did uniformly insert a pause were limited from the specific phrase structure,and rules for the location and duration of pauses were accordingly experimented. 362 TiW silicidation process which forms simultaniously low contact resistance and Schottky barrier diode after TiW deposition is suggested.Also silicidation mechanism is studied by analyzing TiW, Siinterface.(1)The disilicide of(TiW)Si2 that cause low contact resistance and good SBD characteristics are epitaxially grown between TiW and Si by annealing of 600-700°C.(2)Above 750°C,a heavy silicide,which is a mixture of (TiW)Si2 and WSi2,is formed at the interface and it reaks p/n junctions. 363 This paper describes a new thresholding method which is a kind of "Adaptive Thresholding".This method evaluates the "compactness" of binary regions by calculating the area information and determines the optimal thresholding value.We check the effectiveness of this method by experiment which is to detect the moving objects based on subtraction.And under the various conditions i.e.in the open air,this method is able to remove the bad influence by the change of sunlight. 364 A conventional machine learning method(for example ID3 by Quinlan)using a discrimination tree treats just discrete attribute values.To apply it,in practice,to fault diagnosis of power distribution lines,it must be revised in order to treat attributes whose values range in certain width because the sensor value varies owing to the resistance of the fault point and so on.A method for creating discrimination tree which we propose in this paper,can distinguish examples whose attribute value is in disjunction area even when value range of two optional categories are not disjoint each other.And this method can estimate which category a given example will belong to and how much the possibility is.We also present the application of the method proposed above to fault diagnosis of power distribution lines. 365 A manipulator which is able to move freely is effective.If the manipulator could operate while it is traveling,the efficiency concerning with the time and energy used for stopping and starting will be raised up further.The dynamics of the mobile robot and the manipulator mounted on it has a interference.As the result of disturbing themotions each other,the hand of manipulator is not able to be controlled to the reference position and orientation in the work flame.Considering the movement of the mobile robot is nonholonomic,the dynamical interference should be removed.We propose the compensation method to remove the interference using the Newton-Eular Method,and the simulation experiment shows the method is very effective. 366 A image processing device is developed to detect automatically intruder with ITV camera.For the delection of intruder in outdoors is performed,the elimination method of shadow and the delection sunshine variation is used to protect the detection from malfunction and discussed in this paper. 367 For database security,there exists a security model which uses"discretionary access matrix".Discretionary access matrix describes user's access right(read,write)to informations.In this model,if the hostility relation between users is not clearly,the information leakage cannot be evaluated.And the hostility relation cannot describe wide application.In this paper,the extension of the security model is studied.the extended model can consistently evaluate not only the hostility,but also affiliation relation.For the evaluation of affiliation,game theory is applied.If interests between users equilibrate from viewpoint of game theory,information flow between the users is permitted. 368 The strong scattering and absorption of biological tissues are the major problems which have hindered the realization of the transillumination imaging of a biological body.We have studied these problems from various viewpoints.In these study,we have investigated the possibility of the transillumination imaging by canceling the scattering components or by measuring the time-resolved shape of an optical pulse.These techniques were not applicable to general biological bodies,since the direct light component was too small to detect.Then,the near-axis component of scattered light was found to be much larger than the direct light.A technique to receive the near-axis component exclusively from multiply scattered light is presented. 369 Described in this paper,is a pneumatic grasping device which performs a similar catching operation to insectivorous plants.Two nozzles,which are attached on the movable ends of two sets of bellows,face each other at a distance.When an object is inserted in the space between the nozzles,the gaps between the nozzles and their counter-faces decrease and the back pressure of the nozzles increases.The pressure increase is amplified and fed back into the bellows,which causes more decrease of the gaps owing to elongation of the bellows.The nozzles contact their counter-faces of the subject by such regenerative action and maintain to grasp the object with a force proportional to the supply pressure of the device. 370 This paper describes a framework of case-based reasoning systems in design problem.The framework incorporates a 3-step process.First,a base case similar to the user's requirements is retrieved.Second,differences between the requirements and the base case are identified and subsidiary cases are retrieved to modify them.Third,the base case and the subsidiary cases are composed to make an overall solution.Using cases for modification greatly reduces the efforts of acquiring modification knowledge.The advantages of our framework include: 1)knowledge which is necessary to facilitate the framework can easily be acquired as the form of design object model,and 2)the validity of the solution is likely to be achieved.The framework has been applied to a prototype system in the mechanical design of induction motors. 371 With the advance of information-oriented society,it is necessary to treat a great deal of document images efficiently.Document image processing,such as coding,understanding,and managing,have been treated separately.But the integration of documen image processing,based on hierarchical structures of document images,is desirable.In this paper we propose a new expression of binary images,called Minimum Covering Run Expression.The expression is suitable for hierarchical description of binary images.It is shown that the expression method is closely related to the maximum matching problem of bipartite graph.The efficient algorithm for the expression method is also demonstrated. 372 Ablative photodecomposition process of polymer films with excimer lasers has been shown to be useful for etching,surface modification,and patterning£1!.Recently,we have investigated ionic(electrostatic)behavior on the ablated surface.Its behavior was applicable to area-selective chemical plating of copper and nickel on the surface£2!.On the basis of these studies,it is expected that transient intermediates such as radicals,carbenes,and ions were formed on the surfaces after excimer laser ablation.In the present study,we report on chemical reactivity attributed to these intermediates,which is produced on the laser-ablated polymer surface in cryogenic atmosphere.The procedure of experiments consists in three steps.First,the ablation of poly(ethylene naphthalate)(PEN)film cast on a sapphire plate was carried out at 100 K(10^<-5> Torr)using KrF or ArF excimer laser(wavelength:248 or 193 nm;pulse duration:ca.20 ns).Secondly,pentafluorophenylazide(1)was deposited on the ablated surface at 100 K.Since only azide(1)was used as a trapping reagent for intermediates,no subsequent irradiation was carried out after the deposition.Finally,the temperature of the sample film was raisd up to 300 K in order to eliminate unreacted azide(1)on the surface.The films were analyzed with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The surface of PEN film ablated by KrF excimer laser had chemical reactivity with azide(1):when azide(1)was deposited on the irradiated surface,F_<1s> and N_<1s> peaks of XPS were observed on the treated film.No F_<1s> and N_<1s> peak of XPS,as expected,was detected on the unirradiated area of the film.It was found that azide(1)was immobilized on the ablated polymer surface without any subsequent irradiation.The chemical reactivity on the ablated surface was mainly attributed to the formation of reactive sites which were represented by radicals,since free radicals could attack the azido group of azides to produce triazenyl radicals.REFERENCES:£1!R.Srinivasan and B.Braren,Chem.Rev.,89__-,1303(1989).£2!H.Niino and A.Yabe,submitted to paper. 373 It is essential to reduce the overhead of cache coherence especially in large scale shared-memory multiprocessors.The authors have been conducting research on efficient cache coherency mechanisms which reflect the characteristics of memory access patterns.In this paper,we present the concept of "events" concerning memory accesses and a new cache coherency scheme which changes its coherence protocols correspponding to each event.We also present the structure and behavior of our new barrier synchronization method,its implementation on our prototype machine:ASURA,and discuss about its estimated performance. 374 The spatial load distribution concept and the temporal load distribution concept for the video distribution service on distributed database environments are discussed in this paper.These concepts allow efficient use of network resources such as video information by many users.Furthermore,the layered database management,the methods of scheduling management and request response control are presented.Besides being able to solve request congestions and traffic congestions,they present a new service environment that can obtain and register video information in accordance to the user's instruction.Also,they provide other new service environments like interactive operation. 375 A request oriented multi-center video distribution service network is discussed in this paper.At first,the architecture of the multi-center video distribution service network is studied.Then,a traffic simulation to evaluate the traffics on center-center links and center-subscriber links and the request performance is described.By simulating the multi-center network architecture,it is shown that the request performance is improved by sharing programs with other centers.It is also shown that the traffics on center-center links are reduced by caching the programs on the center nodes. 376 This report describes the implementation of ATM adaptation layer for broadcast video service in ATM network,which is based on block coding and variable bit rate coding and uses the coding block as the ATM adaptation processing block.We propose a multiplexing method based on SAR protocol type 2 for video and audio,a cell loss detection and compensation method using parity cell and sequence number composed of block and cell number,and a media clock recovery method using reference timing of block information.Furthermore we describe our new ATM adaptation board using these methods. 377 Concrete members have deteriorated mainly because of embedded steel.Over the last decade,engineers and researchers have been studying the mechanism of corrosion and the protecting method such as cathodic protection.This paper reports the experimental results regarding the relationship between water content and electrical resistivity was measured by two kinds of methods;direct current and alternative current.Test results indicated that the electrical resistivity was strongly influenced with water content and decreased according as water content of concrete increased.Moreover,method of direct current showed larger resistivity of concrete rather than method of alternative current. 378 The precision vibration isolation system has to possess two functions,absorbing of vibration and precise positioning.These functions require opossite demands,the former needs the low-stiffness control and the later the high-stiffness one.It is difficult for the conventional passive system to satisfy with such a contradiction at the same time .It this paper ,we designe the active control system ,which deals with two functions independently and its effectivity for the precision vibration isolation system is examined. 379 In this paper,a simple near-field measurements system is presented to examine measured amplitude,phase and mechanical errors.A few example measured by this system without scanner and probe correction are compared by the far field measurement.As a result,measured phase error is a serious factor for the system,and mechanical errors can be neglected. 380 This paper proposed the framework which determines the contents of inquiry according to topic characteristics.In this framework,the contents of inquiry can be represented as a set of semantic units called utterance content unit(UC unit).Utterance content planner(UCP)produces some sets of UC units as output.First,UCP selects some UC units as the candidates of utterance components.These UC units are selected based on 5 topic characteristics.Then,UCP combines the UC units into whole inquiries.In UCP,by setting the preference of combined UC units,it is possible to produce the combined UC units in order of felicitousness.UCP also examines the appropriateness of the combinations as a whole.As the result of evaluation of these mechanisms,it was found that UCP can select appropriate UC units for the topic fairly well,and therefore topic characteristics are effective factors in determining utterance contents. 381 To encourage widespread use of ISDN services,economical and highquality ISDN subscriber line test equipment is necessary.For this purpose,we developed test equipment which can be used for both analog and ISDN subscriber line testing.This paper presents a method for performing ISDN subscriber line testing using analog subscriber line measurement equipment. 382 A dexterous micro manipulation technique is required for application in various tasks,such as handling and assembling micro objects.A micro parallel link mechanism is proposed which has 6 piezo stack devices as prismatic actuators in a Stewart Platform configuration.The manipulator has 6 DOF motion at the end effector.The paper discusses a design concept of a manipulation system and a hardware specification for the developed micro mechanism. 383 Recently one of the most active areas of research in the field of diabetes involves the enzyme,aldose reductase(AR).This enzyme catalyzes the conversion of glucose to the polyol,sorbitol,and this reaction is especially effective when the glucose is elevated.AR shows wide substrate specificity and is capable of converting a variety of sugars to polyols.The accumulation of polyols in the lens is an important factor in cataract formation in diabetes and AR appears to play a central role leading to the sequence of events resulting in tissue damage in diabetes.Substantial support for AR being involved in diabetic complications comes from the study of its inhibitors in correcting or preventing the abnormalities.Several inhibitors,structurally different,have been shown to prevent cataracts in diabetic animals.In order to find a natural inhibitor for AR we used <Gymnema>___- <silvestre>___- leaves.In the present experiments,we found that conduritol A purified from the leaf extract prevented cataract formation 6.4 times more with a 1mg, kg oral dose.Furthermore,we found that conduritol A inhibited AR competitively in the presence of substrate.In conclusion,conduritol A not only delays,but also prevents cataract formation <in>___- <vivo>___- and <in>___- <vitro>___- and we suggest that conturitol A is useful as an adjunct to diabetic complications because of having no side effects. 384 In this paper,the recognition system for handwritten characters using the pattern transformation method with cosine function is proposed.The proposed method uses three kinds of transformation functions derived from cosine function to transform the input pattern and then select the most suitable transformed pattern for matching.By using this system,the characters can be recognized correctly even in a large variation.In experiments,the database ETL9B is used.The database ETL9B includes 3,036 categories of Chinese characters and Japanese Kana,total data sets are 200 where each set has one sample per category.Finally,even with 100 dimension feature,the proposed system obtained a first recognition rate of 92.44% in comparison with that of 87.3% using the normal method. 385 This paper proposes a modal fixpoint logic 'Service Specification Logic'(SSL) which is an integration of process logic,logics of common knowledge,and fixpoint logics.The purpose of the logic is to provide a language in which the user can describe his requirement formally,and thereby classify communication services from his viewpoint.First,the syntax and semantics of SSL are introduced.Then it is shown to be decidable whether a given formula is satisfied by a given finite state transition machine with a finite memory for its history. 386 A high-sensitivity optical coherent return loss measurement system is proposed.The measurement system is a simple optical fiber type Michelson interferometer using a Fabry-Perot type laser diode and an optical fiber delay line.Fabry-Perot type laser diodes have a self-correlation function that is a line of pulses of about 1mm interval,so one of pulses can be measured with optical delay change of about 1mm by tensing the optical fiber of the delay line.Return loss of the tested surface is estimated from the intensity of the measured pulse that is proportional to reflectivity of the tested surface.The experimental results that the measurement system has over 90dB-sensitivity and high-accuracy for return loss measurements are also described. 387 We have been developing the communication software testing environment FOREST,based on the OSI Conformance Testing Methodology.Currently,the test executors must generate the test data for the test sequences which are generated automatically from SDL specification.On the other hand,the implementation cost of tester modules is increasing.In this paper,we propose the Parameter Specification Language PSL.1 for an extension of ASN.1.And we have developed ASN.1 Test Data Generation Tools,which realize automatic test data generation from the specification using such FDTs.Furthermore,we present their application methodology to the OSI Transaction Processing software testing. 388 The purpose of this sutdy is to verify the effects of "sheet-pile-ring method"which is a countermeasure against liquefaction we proposed at this time.This method of verification is performed by numerical simulation using 2-dimensional effective stress analysis with multi-mechanism model.The major conclusions drawn are as follows:1)Increases of effective confining stress due to restriction of stress dispersion 2)Effects for restriction of shear displacement 3)Prevention from lateral slide after liquefaction. 389 A new type of hybrid subband coding method using motion compensation (MC) is described in this paper.Energy compaction of lapped transforms and analysis, synthesis filter banks such as QMF are higher than that of Discrete Cosine Transform.However,when we combine the intraframe/MC-interframe adaptive prediction and filter banks,the problems of 1)level gaps between two successive MC blocks (caused by block matching process),and 2)level gaps between intraframe and interframe block should be solved.Because those level gaps contain very high frequency components,they reduce the efficiency of subband codings.Thus,we propose a hybrid coding structure,where motion estimation is carried out in the image domain,and interframe differences are taken in the frequency domain.In this method,interframe prediction and intra/inter switching can be carried out in the frequency domain.Thus,level gap problemdoes not appear.In addition,we show that the process of loop filtering can be carried out by only discarding high frequency band data of prediction images.By using this method,the coding efficiency of proposed MC+subband coding can be enhanced.Also,an adaptive loop filtering can be performed by varying the number of bands to be used for interframe prediction. 390 Audio and video signal transmission through optical fibers is attractive because of the excellent characteristics of optical fibers,such as low transmission loss,wide bandwidth,small diameter,light weight,and high RFI immunity.The SWFM transmission seems to be best because the signal quality at the receiver could not be the light source (LD or LED).This paper describes the optical fiber Both sides supervising system for the medium wave AM radio station in which an optical wave length division multiplexer has been used to increase the transmission capacity of the audio,video and digital code signals. 391 We made the message passing communication library on AP1000 which users can develop applications on the pseudo processor element (PE) space just corresponding to the user's calclation model,on AP1000 as a trial manufacture.And then,we evalute this library using an example of 3 dimensional lattice model with referring to the nearest neighbor PEs,on 2 dimensional torus network of AP1000.we adopt the distance between PEs as a evaluation function,and adopt the simulated annealing method as a optimization method.Using this example,This library provides the effective performance compared with a method based on the experience.This report describes the development and eveluation of the library from the view point of the parallelization of application program. 392 Much research has been conducted on constructing a solid model from orthographic views,and many methods have been proposed.Some of them have got all the possible solid models.However,they require lots of computation time of process.This paper described a method that uses much less computation time than previously methods.The method firstly forms virtual solid elements as in Gujar and Nagendra^<4)>,and generate solutions by them.The major steps are the following.1.Construct virtual solid elements from surface model.2.Generate conditions from orthographic views.3.Construct a solid model consisting of solid elements that satisfy the conditions 393 This paper proposes an improved error-correction mechanism cooperating with the conventional Optical Character Reader of Japanese documents.Our new method utilizes a confusion matrix composed of frequent mistakes and their probability,as well as morphological analysis and heuristic rules.It also learns the corrections by hand to renew the probability scores on the confusion matrix,and memorizes the patterns of character strings gained after error-correction as to use them as a parameter for likelihood calculation.Our experiment for evaluation has proved that this approach acquires a more efficient result than traditional ones without learning function.It is consequently possible to reduce individual corrections by hand which take much longer than collective machine processing. 394 A high speed wireless LAN system is proposed,which system realize IEEE 802.3 standard compatibility by using Multi-carrier Transmisson Method with Product Code.In this method,user information and error correction bits are divided into several bit sequences and transmitted on different frequencies to reduce transmission speed and the inter-symbol interferences.Even if the frequency selective fading deteriorates the BER of one of four carriers significantly,product code corrects the errors and packet loss specification is obtained when the BERs of other carriers are less than 10^<-5>. 395 In this paper,the measurement method of reflecting characteristics from the objects by range-doppler imaging in the room is discussed.For 30×30cm plate,themeasurable range of about -40---45dB in X band is obtained.Measured RCS of flate plate is good agreement with those of calculation.This measurement method is expected to be applied to measure the reflecting characteristics of various objects and wave absorbers 396 If fast RSA encryption processor is developed by highest VLSI technology,processing speed of the RSA processor exceeds 64kbps,that is Data channel speed of ISDN primary interface.So,in this report,we discuss technical problems when RSA Cryptosystems introduces to ISDN multimedia communication data.Problems for the Cryptosystems are increasing ciphertext from original plaintext,and specific plaintexts (0,1,n-1) are the same as ciphertexts of these plaintexts.We can propose to above two problems.The Cryptosystems can use encipherment of ISDN multimedia communication data and PKDS(Public Key Distribution System),if it has external calculating functions like an our proposals. 397 Abstract This paper proposes an unsupervised speaker adaptation using an " all-phoneme ergodic HMM" that integrates the stochastic language model and the acoustic model.This model consists of all Japanese phoneme HMMs and uses the probabilities of the phoneme bigram for the transition probabilities between each pair of phoneme HMMs.When tested on 23 Japanese phonemes in about 2100 isolated words,the results indicate that the unsupervised speaker adaptation performs better than the speaker-independent model if more than 200 words are available for adaptation.(This Method:87.8%,Speaker Independent:85.1%)The phrase recognition rate with HMM-LR is 74.6%(Speaker Independent:69.5%). 398 This paper describes a unified framework for continuous speech recognition (CSR) under grammatical constraints,where trellis calculations and parsing are performed by the same simple fundamental operations,namely multiplication and addition of likelihood matrices.The matrix parser is shown to be a generalization of the CYK parser,which because of its simplicity lends itself to efficient hardware implementation.It also facilitates explicit supra-segmental duration control for all grammatical categories.Preliminary results showed,that improved duration control on the mora level raised the recognition accuracy from 86.6 % to 88.2 %. 399 This paper describes a new approach to dynamic speaker adaptation,which relies on switching between different methods of adaptation in order to gain maximum performance depending on the amount of speech data obtained through the speech recognition session.The speech recognition performance of speaker adaptive systems is determined by the specific method used for the adaptation as well as by the amount of available training speech data.Furthermore,the effectiveness of the adaptation often depends on the speakers.We present a dynamic approach to switch between three different speaker adaptation techniques,namely,vector field smoothing,speaker-tied weight training of speaker-mixture hidden-Markov networks,and speaker-free weight training.We also discuss a criterion for switching timing.Experimental results show that the dynamic switching approach can attain higher performances compared with conventional fixed approaches. 400 This paper reports a method of dynamic-simulation parameter tuning for a coal-fired power plant using GA(Genetic Algorithms).GA has been a kind of effective method for parameter tuning,because the dynamicsimulation is able to be repeated so that it is easy to consider genetic operations.In the environmental regulation,the control of NOx emission is important.So,we made a NOx analytical model and optimal parameters have been decided by GA. 401 This paper describes the planning system model for production resources on construction site.The main objective of this paper is to present the idea of a production resource planning model,by using the object oriented programing method.This planning model is contains necessary data and planning method,and represent resource planning knowledge.We also show a case study of crane layout planning system and some planning examples. 402 We are developing a video transmission sysem based on SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy).Now,we have studied a method for high quality and high efficiency video transmission system by 155.52Mb, s STM-1 frame in the point of frame structure and filtered jitter. 403 We propose a new neural network model for trajectory formation based on the minimum torque-change criterion.Our neural network model basically uses a forward dynamics model and an inverse dynamics model.In this report,two new neural network models for character formation and via-points perception of characters are proposed.Both two models are realized by a same neural network.Finally we show the results of applying the proposed models to formation of characters and perception of via-points.Our proposed perception model can be applyed to segmentation of handwritten characters. 404 Communication systems should have high reliability as well as high scalability,because of its importance as the infrastructure of social and business activities and because of the needs to offer its services as soon as possible when they are required.For this purpose,the research and development of decentralized communication systems have been studied.However,in terms of the management of the decentralized communication systems,there arize some tough problems to be tackled.One of the most typical problem is the network configuration management that is to collect information on the connection among subsystems.In this paper,a method to identify the network configuration is proposed and the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified. 405 This paper discusses file delivery methods for a model wherein the number of nodes varies with time and each node requires multiple files.Efficient and fast file delivery methods using multicast communication will be developed using the model described in this paper.Ideas of delaying to send files and selecting file to be sent next are proposed to enhance the performance of file delivery methods.Delivery delay to avoid re-sending the same file should not be more than the time needed to send one file.The most efficient method is produced by combinations of file-selection ideas.The method enhances the turnaround time without degrading the completion time. 406 This Paper discribes a flow meter of powder and particles via the optical filtering method.Here we visualize the particle flow in a piprline to investigate if the optical spatial filtering method can be applied. 407 In this paper,the ATM technology which supports B-ISDN(Broadband Integrated Service Digital Network)is proposed to be used in the data transmission of N-ISDN(Nerrowband Integrated Services Digital Network).Basically,in the ATM data transmission,the source information data is divided into a lot of small block,which is called a cell,and those cells are transmitted.In this paper,first,the proposed transmission method is outline,including the model of information source,the cell format and the data transmission model.Then the transmission protocol is decribed in detail.Finally,the transmission properties are discussed,together with the simulation results on the system performance. 408 This paper proposes and investigates two types of local positioning system(LPS)based on a direct-sequence spread-spectrum technique.The LPS is defined as the system in which the master station can detect positions of moving objects within a local area.One type of LPS can be carried out by exchanging a transmitter and receiver of GPS system,while another type can be done by using adaptive array antennas.Their feasibility in implementation is discussed. 409 Polyaniline has many good properties such as good -environmental stability,and electrochemical conductivity.Most conducting polymers do not dissolve in organic slvents.Polyaniline have also poor solubility to organic solvents and have been limited for practical application.Some attempts have been made for solubilization of polyaniline in organic solvents.Polymerization of aniline derivative with long alkyl chain resulted polyaniline derivative with good solubility.It is already known that undoped polyaniline treated with aqueous ammonia can be soluble in N-methyl pyrrolidone(NMP).However,polyaniline in conducting state could not be soluble in all organic solvents.Amphiphilic type aniline salt was obtained by the reaction of dodesylbenzene sulfonic acid and aniline.Aniline dodesylbenzene sulfonate(DBSAn) polymerized chemically to yield homogenious solubilized polyaniline aqueous solution contained dodesyl benzene sulfonic acid.Chemical oxidative polymerization was carried out using ammonium peroxodisulfate as chemical oxidant in acidic aqueous solution of the aniline dodesyl benzene sulfonate monomer at 50°C.After polymerization,homogenious and green back coloured aqueous polyaniline solution could be obtained.Polyaniline obtained from DBSAn polymerized solution precipitated with methanol have a slightly higher conductivity than it obtained from other acid solution like hydrochloric acid. 410 High efficiency modulation and high speed data transmission has recently been studied in digital land mobile communications.This paper proposes a reduced complexity decision feedback equalizer (DFE) using inverse interpolation to reduced complexity and to reduced irreducible error.Moreover,a bidirectional equalizing technique with a center tap position detector to achieve high efficiency and high speed data transmission in land mobile communications.The performance is examined by computer simulation in the case of 512 ksymbol, s,16QAM transmission.As a result,the proposed method is confirmed to be effective for high speed data transmission in land mobile communications. 411 This paper describes three dimentional stereo video image display system using optical video link unit which has light transmission device throuth the atmosphere.Optical video link unit possible to long distance(over one kilometer)bidirectional transmission with video signal,stereo audio signal,and other device control signal.We propose tele existence robot aplication using this unit.We have been developed realtime JPEG compression and decompression unit,this unit digitaize received stereo video signal,then compress digital data,and storing HD or MO device.We consider received data are space addressed by robot movement,so we propose virtual reality aplication that is continius video data decompress and display from detected movement of human face direction. 412 The various edge detectors contain the difficult and conflictive problems that the fine resolution filter detects a lot of noise and that the coarse resolution filter causes ambiguities of localization.The multi-scaled edge integration is one of the most effective method to solve these problems.However,conventional multi-scaled methods aims to solve only one of these problems.We propose a new multi-scaled edge integration method which uses weighted summation of Gaussian filtered edge patterns.This method realizes a noise-reduced and good localized edge integration.In this paper,the advantages of our method are theoretically explained and demonstrated with some experiments. 413 A method is proposed to measure the surface roughness of paper by using a diffusing pattern of illuminating laser light.This method is based on Beckmann-Spizzichino model and on least square fitting.It was confirmed that the results by this method was highly correlated with those by traditional air-leakage smoothness test (ouken-beck smoothness tester). 414 We report a fast line pattern matching algorithm using a gradient method in two images.The gradient method has developed in shading image schemes especially extracting optical flow.One way to apply the gradient method in line patterns is to make an assumption that neighbors of line patterns have shading values.Using this assumption,line pattern images can be treated as shading images in spite of original line pattern images being binary.And we can assume arbitrary shading values around the line patterns so that gradients of these shading values are liner and the constraint lines are easily obtained.In this paper we propose the algorithm which reduces calculation time concerning line pattern matching between two binary images and show the experimental results. 415 Demand for data switching services is increasing in recent years.However,switching systems are congested many times by large hosts which are multiplexing many virtual connections on a physical access channel when they request to establish many virtual connections at a time.In this paper,we describe the load smoothing method in a switching system to decrease callsetup delay and to improve service qualities. 416 In this paper we discuss borehole radar measurements with a slot antenna.Characteristics of a slot antenna on a thick conducting cylinder excited with a short video- pulse for a borehole radar was described and was used as a receiving antenna.A dipole antenna was used as a transmitting antenna and reflection radar measurements with cross-polarization in a borehole was achieved.A prototype radar sonde was made and field measurements were carried out in granite rock.The measured signal shows that the short-range resolution can be improved with the cross-polarization measurements,because the direct coupling between the transmitting and the receiving antenna was reduced. 417 The new method of shape,surface reflectance and light.direction estimation from shading images is proposed.This method simultaneously solves these three parameters by using Singular Value Decomposition.Therefore,it can estimate the shape and reflectance of object which has many different reflectance regions and it does not require the knowledge of light direction which is necessary condition in Photometric Stereo.Without relying on any smoothness assumption for three parameters,it is easy to treat them even if they vary rapidly. 418 The rewritable optical memory using a shape memory polymer are investigated.The thin film consiting of Vanadylnaphthalocyanine dye and urethane type shape memory polymer are coated on the glass substrate.The layer thickness of polymer is 5μm and the weight contentration of dye in the polymer is 1.3 wt%.The very small dome is formed on the surface of film by the illumination of 30μ sec pulse light from 8 mW laser diode at 780 nm wavelength.The size of dome is about 2μm.The dome could be erased by the heating at temperature of IOO°C during 5 seconds.The basic phenomena of rewritable optical memory were confirmed in this experiments. 419 The characteristics of a new 500V, 200A bipolar mode SIT is reported.The sustaining voltage is the key issue of the voltage capability under an inductive load switching.Reduction of the gate resistance is effective in raising the sustaining voltage.The current gain and switcliing speed and power loss of SIT are improved by raising the sustaining voltage and increasing the effective area of the device.The storage time and chip size of the new SIT are 70 % reduced than those of conventional SIT.The power loss of the SIT is 20 % to 35 % less than that of IGBT under 15kHz switching. 420 Spread spectrum communication systems,which have started to be widely used,are mainly divided into two categories;Direct Sequence (DS) systems and Frequency Hopping (FH) ones.In this report,we propose the Code Hopping (CH) method as the third category.This system,which uses spreading sequences,has the analogy to the FH system on hopping.Performance evaluations under the single code interferenceare carried out,and it is shown that this system has had good performances. 421 This paper proposes a feature representation for identification of n-pixel binary images.A pair of two n-bit integers efficiently represents numerous positive examples in the concept class,such as character and figure,and can be constructed from a training sample.A set of pairs is used to construct unknown positive examples.We also discuss the relationship between the feature representation and two template matching methods in character recognition. 422 In this paper,a diagnosis method,for zipper shapes is proposed,which can be applied to a variety of zipper shapes. Translation and rotation are compensated for by fitting some particular parts which are invariant in the distorted shapes.Three characteristic parts of the whole zipper shape are extracted and used for analysing the diagnosis.The figure in those three parts are approximated using polynomial expression(A)and Fourier series(B)and the parameters in those functions are applied to the neural network.For the learning method,the back-propagation is employed.When this method is used for classifying 4 kind of error shapes,recognition rates are 97.5% and 95.0% for the functons(A)and(b),respectively.When the number of error shapes is increased to 6,they become 68.3%(A)and 88.3%(B).For these results,the neural network is useful for error shape detection of zippers. 423 A π, 4QPSK digital direct carrier modulation circuit has been proposed.Since this modulator which are ROM and D/A converter is completely digitalized,it is suitable for LSI.The memory of this circuit modulator can be as 1/2^<n/2-1> size as the conventional tabel look-up base band modulator.In this paper,the base design and characteristic of proposed modulator are explained.The memory size and degradation of this modulator are estimated.By using the experimental circuit,the error rate performance and frequency specturm are expressed. 424 Dynamical models of the musculoskeletal system play a crucial role in the computational study of motor control.Two-link manipulators driven by two motors are frequently used to model the human upper-arm and forearm.However,these mechanical models tend to totally neglect nonlinear muscle properties such as length-tension or velocity-tension curves,and complicated geometrical muscle configurations.In this paper,joint accelerations at the elbow and shoulder were estimated from surface electromyographic(EMG)signals of 10 flexor and extensor muscles.A neural network was trained to acquire the functional relationship between EMG signals,joint angles,joint angular velocities and joint accelerations at the elbow and shoulder using real physiological data.After training,trajectories were calculated using this network. 425 The poly(epichlorohydrin)(CO) is high temperature resistance,good oil resistance elastomer and also low electrical resistance compair with that of ther general elastomers or plastics.We try to produce a lower electric resistance elastomers by graft polymerization with CO.Graftpolymerization of poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(methacrylic acil) is used as hydrophilic graft chains onto CO.Poly(vinyl alcohol) chain is deacetylation reaction of the graft poly(vinyl acetate) chain,which produce graft polymerization to CO with vinylacetate.Surface resistivities decreased in proportional to the contents of hydrophilic graft polymer chains,and its resistivity are lower for poly(vinyl alcohol) graftpolymer than poly(methacrylic acid) graftpolymer. 426 A bidirectional lightwave system for multichannel AM-VSB TV signal has been developed.1.3, 1.55μm wavelength division multiplex technique was used.Channel capacities were 40 in down direction and 6 in up direction.The resultant C, N's were 51 dB(down) and 55 dB(up) after 20 km transmission. 427 The new component concept for the progressive scanning system is proposed based on the CCIR recommendation 601 "422".They are:1) 422+4(supplemental progressive luminance information "4")2) 422+2(supplemental progressive luminance information "2")3) 4112(supplemental progressive luminance information "2",chroma information "1")The results are as follows:(1) 422+4 is good enough for 525 line progressive scan information.The most appropriate information for "4" is luminance.(2) 422+2 is applicable to the second generation EDTV(ED2).The most appropriate information for "2" is three line difference signal LD.(3) 4112 is usable for low cost ED2.These systems are also applicable to the other media such as HDTV. 428 Intelligent Networks(IN)offer many services by using service software.Service providers can provide new services to develop Service Logic Programs(SLPs)on network control layer.Therefore,easy description of SLPs is one of important points.To confirm this point,we design two typical IN service specifications,prototypes of software,and tested them on an IN prototyp system.As a result,we confirmed that duration of makeing and testing decreases by using new designed functions for service description,and reusing SLPs 429 In land mobie communication channels,it is important to regenerate carrier phase precisely and compensate for fading distortion.Recently,for this purpose,coherent detection method has proposed.In this method, however, the output signal of a fading compensator has phase ambiguity of 0°,±90°,180°.Therefore,space diversity with equal-gain combining cannot be carrid out because co-phasing processes are required at each branch.In this paper,space diversity method with equal-gain combining for QPSK coherent detection is proposed.Computer simulation confirms that the proposed method has almost equal equal diversity gain to the theoretical value. 430 In this paper,a new trajectory planning method is proposed with a nonlinear optimization technique to search an optimal path and passing time simultaneously.Considering the trajectory planning for real industrial manipulators,it is difficult to apply the proposed method to the industrial manipulator,because computational quantity to calculate the inverse dynamics of manipulator increases exponentially as increasing the degree of freedom.As a method for decreasing the computational quantity,we focused on two neural networks,that learn the inverse dynamics of manipulators,in order to plan the optimal trajectory.As a result of trajectory planning by using these neural network models,it became possible to plan an optimal trajectory in shorter time than using a mathematical model. 431 The reaction of 9'-substituted hydroxy gruop in the photochromic spiroindolinonaphthoxazine(TM-H-SNO)with epoxy groups in copolymer (GMA) from glycidyl methacrylate was carried out,and its photochromic properties were investigated.A mixture of GMA(197 mmol to epoxy groups),TM-H-SNO (19.7 mmol) and a catalyst,benzyltrimethyl ammonium chloride(19.7 mmol)in DMF(100 ml)was heated.The reacted content of photochromic groups in the polymer was evaluated by NMR spectroscopy.The reaction was agreement with first order kinetics,and the activation energy was about 25 kcal, mol.The photochromism was confirmed in the cast films from the polymer solution of chloroform.However,the visible absorbtion bands before and after UV irradiation were different according to the degree of reaction and UV irradiation time.These phenomena were considered from the points of view of aggregation in the reacted TM-H-SNO which may contain isomeric merocyanines,crosslinkage of the residual epoxy groups in GMA by heating and its swelling by solvents. 432 As photocromic agent,9'-substituted naphthospirooxazines were used,and as matrix polymer,PMMA,PSt and PMA were used.Oriented samples of various stretch ratio of uniaxial stretching with free width(Uf),uniaxial stretching with constant width (Uc)and simultaneous-biaxial stretching(SB)were prepared by dry process stretching.Colorless PMMA films with contain naphthospirooxazine produced absorption peak about 600 nm after UV irradiation.In the decoloration process of the peak,the plot of inverse of the absorvance(A)vs.time(t)was yield linear relationship.The decoloration rate was evaluated by the slop(k)as a parameter.Change of the value of k on stretching was investigated.The value of k increases with increasing stretch ratio,and in different types of stretching,the following sequence was observed:Uf<Uc<SB.In PSt,the plot of 1, A vs.t was not yeild linear relationship.So,the slop(k)at the initial to 60 sec was used as the value relatively fitted with linear.In this case,the increase of the value of k in SB stretched films was similar to that of PMMA.In PMA films having lower glass transition temperature,the decoloration rate at room temperature was well fitted by first-order kinetics,i.e.the plot of log A vs.t was yeild linear relationship.The slop(k'),in all type of stretching,increased with increasing stretch ratio,and in defferent types of stretching,the sequence was the same as described above in PMMA.These results were considerd from the point of view of polymer entanglement with stretching. 433 A new computational approach to color constancy is formulated as a minimization of the energy function which consists of a term for fitting the contrast and local DC values of input image,and a physical constraint term based on the gray-world assumption.A neural network model which works as minimizing the energy is constructed based on the anatomical evidences of the visual system.The proposed model is tested using the images under the illuminants with color and spatial luminance variations.It turned out that the illuminant variations were removed and color constancy was achieved in the output image.It is also shown that several color contrast effects are also simulated by the proposed model. 434 A spotting algorithm to recognize the meanings of gestures with body and arms is proposed.The standard sequence pattern corresponding to a gesture is described with a spatio-temporal vector field derived by 3 directional gradient of an input image sequence.And the input image sequence to be recognized and standard sequence patterns already stored are compared by so called "continuous DP(CDP)" matching.We carried on some experiments on gesture recognition with this algorithm and the results confirm that this model is robust against clothes and backgrounds. 435 This is a report about detection for the artificial separations on the reginforced conclete test wall with moitar finishing.It was cleraed about the relation between condition of separations and appearance on the thermograph,and surroundings around the building,kind of infrared camera.When thickness of moltar is thinner,and air space behind of moltar is thicker,area of separation is larger,separated parts appear more cleary on thermo-graph.It's impossoible to detect the separation without air space.About the wall which receive no solar radiation (ex.wall of north direction),it's possible to detect separations by the enough fluctuation of air temperature.The short-wave machine tends to receive reflection from the wall,and thermograph is vague in the low temperature. 436 It was studied the relations between thernograph and surroundings,agreement with a detection by the percussion method.in the heating season,heat leak from heat-brige is the biggest noise on the thermograph,however it's possible to erase that influence,using subtruction the thermograph at not-suned time from suned time.If there are influence by heat leak,it's possible to detect separated parts,with more than 1°C difference between sound part and separated part.By using subtruction between two moment,it becomes to be able to detect with 0.5°C difference.About northern wall,it's effective to subtruct the thermograph at night from one at the time when air temperature is highest. 437 A novel enzyme,formaldehyde dismutase (FDM),from Pseudomonas putida F61 catalyzes the dismutation of aldehyde and alcohol:aldehyde oxidoreductation in the absence of an exogeneous electron acceptor.FDM is a tetrameric enzyme with a subunit MW.of 45,000.Each subunit contains a noncovalendy but tightly bound NAD(H)cofactor molecule.In order to understand the primary structure of FDM,especially an NAD(H)-binding domain.We attempted to clone the gene encoding FDM from P.putida F61 and characterized it. 438 A new object extraction method is proposed.This method is composed of color space conversion based on a new color image data distribution model,and execution of ISODATA which is a well-known iterative clustering technique.The new distribution model is derived from consideration of Phong's surface reflection model.The locus in 3-D color space corresponding to the reflected colored rays can be modeled as a half ellipse curve whose start point and end point are on the luminance axis.The method is superior to the conventional clustering in the u^*v^* space at the stand point of object separation quality.The method is applicable to the technical areas of edge extraction,region selected color compensation,and image data compression. 439 Recentry,many multi-media database systems were proposed,but many of them were emphasized how to handle multi-media information,not emphasized how to design their interface.So,the need of easy and comfortable multi-media retreival interface has increased.In this paper,to take advantage of audio data,we thought to utilize the eax's ability,and propose an auditory interface for multi-media database system using artificial reality.Our auditory interface presents virtual sound scape to an user,and he, her can move arround this field as wish.And the user can make an access to a sound which he/her feel attractive,and get information about the sound such as textual or visual data. 440 An objective picture quality scale for high definition still pictures coded by the JPEG scheme is studied.A scale is derived from two types of weighted root-mean-square-errors,those in flat areas and non-flat areas.The two areas are determined by the standard deviation in the sub-blocks of the original picture.The scale value show a good linear correlation with subjective picture quality. 441 An objective picture quality scale for coded still picture is studied.The scale is derived from the two types of wighted root-means-squareserrors(wrmse),vrmse in flat areas and wrmse in non-flat areas,in the error picture subtracted the coded picture from the original picture.The scale values show a good linear correlation with perceived subjective picture quality. 442 We have investigated resource management data structures concerning TDMA bursts and algorithm to assign efficiently satellite channels with changing a connection of the onboard satellite switch(SAT-SW)for Demand-Assignment SS(satellite switched)-TDMA System.This paper proposes a satellite channel assignment method that could assign satellite channels and control the SAT-SW based on a pair control scheme in a same time slot for two-way calls,using the resource management data of IDLE CHAIN type structures.The computer simulation results show that this method makes it possible to prevent increase in the loss probability,frequency of changing SAT-SW and TDMA burst reference time. 443 A method for registration of rigid objects without point matching is described.In the method,an object is represented with 3D coordinates of representative points and the new coordinates of the points at new position with new posture are given without point correspondence information.First the method places the model to lay its center of gravity on one of the new position.Then,the model is rotated into the new posture by applying a repulsive force to each points of the model from each new coordinates,which is proportional to the square of the distance between the points,under the condition that the center of gravity is fixed. 444 The authors have proposed a single-layer slotted leaky waveguide array for mobile DBS reception.By using short radiating waveguides,the beamwidth in the elevation plane is wide enough to adapt for road gradient.This dispenses with the elevation tracking and the mechanical tracking is adopted only in the azimuthal plane.Small two-dimensional slot arrays of 23cm by 20cm are fabricated.Good aperture field distributions,reflection,radiation patterns and axial ratio are obtained.The gain is more than 24 dBi,which corresponds to 60% efficiency,in DBS band. 445 A waveguide-fed parallel plate slot array antenna is a planar antenna.Transverse electromagnetic(TEM)wave travels in square parallel plate waveguide and is radiated outward via slot pairs which are etched on an upper conductor plate of the waveguide.Conventionally,the antenna was terminated by absorber.Due to absorbing losses the antenna had low.efficiency.Since TEM mode can not exist near the conducting side-wall of the parallel plate waveguide,aperture field distribution uniformity was not perfect.In order to realize traveling TEM mode without using absorber,we adopt following three techniques.:(1)Increase the aperture(2)Adopting matching slots at termination(3)Adopting artificially hard surface.We measured aperture field distribution and gain.The efficiency is enhanced from 48% to 60%.With the dual polarization use in mind,we also confirmed suppression the of level of cross polarization under-20dB. 446 A design reconsideration for minimum size and minimum power drain,in an Ultrasound CW-Doppler fetal heart beat detector for owner gravida use,is performed.The key feature for the puepose is to minimize acoustic loss,to eliminate receiver RF stage class-A amplifier,and to use an infinite impedance detector in a regenerative mode.The unit is palmtop size,water proof,sealed-off structure including a lithium cell and with undetachable earphone cord.Battery retention time is more than 100 hours continuously,for 5-minuites daily auscultation and 1-hour weekly non-stress test signal acquisition,from 22th week of gestation down to full term.Acoustic working frequency is 3MHz in earlier prototype,2MHz in later ones.Total acoustic output is in a range of 2mW.The design is basically consistent to corresponding IEC standard.When the unit has trouble or the battery is dead,entire unit will be for disposal.20 prototype units have been used by gravida themselves,with Doctors' supervision,to have as good acceptance as expected,by gravidae as well as by their families.The unit is also good for non-stress test signal acquisition conducted by gravida herself. 447 The κ-dimensional tree is a binary search tree in which each node represents partitioned subregion.Fredman et al.,proposed a search algorithm using the κ-dimensional tree(FBF).The computation of FBF method is proportional to the logarithm of codebook size N.In this paper,we generalize the search algorithm using a sort of distance diffrent from that between an input vector aud a code vector.We propose a fast vector quantization method with ∞ norm as the distance between an input vector and a region,in combination with avoidance of square root calculation and cancelation of unnecessary distance calculation.Experiments show that processing time decreases to 1, 5 of full search coding and 1/3 of FBF method. 448 This paper propose a new method for impulse response estimation with cross spectral technique,where a short rectangular time window is used for cutting out the input signal.The response to the windowed input signal does not flow out using the proposed time window for input sequence.The result of the analyses are confirmed by the computer simulation using random sequence as the source signal.According to the investigation,it is made clear that the estimation accurary by the proposed method is higher than that by conventional method. 449 This paper proposes a new method for exact estimation where the initial point of the time window for cutting out the output sequence is shifted a half of the window length.This method is developed for maining effective the compensation of the deformation of estimated impulse response due to the time window by improving the accuracy at the ending part of time window.The validity of the proposed method is confirmed by the computer simulation. 450 This paper describes the effects of time windows on the impulse response estimation by the cross spectral method.The effect of window shape is first analyzed and the effect of the finite window length is next analyzed.The amplitude of the impulse response estimated by the cross spectral method is decreased at the central part of the time window by the effect of window shape,and the amplitude is descreased by the effect of the finite window length with the laps of time.The results of the analyses are confirmed by the computer simulation using random sequence as the source signal.According to the investigation,it is made clear that the highest estimation accuracy is obtained when the rectangular window is used and the accuracy is much improved by correcting the estimated impulse response using correction factor given in this paper especially in the case of short time window. 451 Cycle time 4ns,power 0.9w ECL pipeline SRAM with I, O Registers has been fabricated 0.55μmBiCMOS process technology.To achieve this cycle and low power,we developed differential CMOS register,differential ECL clock distribution,collector directly connected level converter,source driven logic decoder and read bus active sense amplifier.Additional features are register scan and parity check function,and adoption of PLCC package with heatsp reader. 452 In order to clarify the relationship between structure and mechanical and electrical properties of crystalline polymers from microscopic point of view,molecular theoretical consideration has been made.(1)Crystallite modulus along the chain axis has been calculated for many types of polymer chain with a variety of conformation and interpreted in terms of mechanical deformation mechanism and strain energy distribution.Based on the thus accumulated results,some important factors were extracted which govern the crystallite modulus:molecular conformations,effective cross-sectional areas of the chain,intramolecular interactions,intramolecular hydrogen bondings,intermolecular interactions,structural defects in the chain,molecular motions and so on.(2)Anisotropic feature of elastic modulus and linear compressibility of polymer crystals has been discussed in connection with the intermolecular interactions as well as the packing style of the chains in the unit cell.(3)The lattice dynamics can predict the atomic displacements induced by an external stress.In order to confirm this theoretical prediction from experimental side,the infrared and Raman spectroscopic measurements were made with the samples subjected under the external load.The vibrational modes associated with the skeletal main chains were found to shift remarkably toward the low frequency gide as the external stress was increased.This frequency shift could be interpreted quantitatively based on the lattice dynamical equations developed under quasiharmonic approximation.The cases of polyoxymethylene,it polypropylene,and orthorhombic polyethylene crystal were discussed as examples.(4)Three-dimensionally rigid polymer crystals were designed and their elastic constants were calculated.For example,cross-linked poly-p-phenylene benzobisoxazole was predicted to exhibit the Young's moduli of 430 GPa along the chain axis and 164 - 336 GPa in the directions normal to the chain axis.(5)Piezoelectric constants were theoretically calculated for poly(vinylidene fluoride)crystal form I.The macroscopic piezoelectric constants were quantitatively reproduced based on the complicated model of crystal and amorphous phases.(6)Thermochromism of electrically conductive poly(3-alkylthiophene)s was discussed in relation with the structural changes in the crystal as well as molecular structures.(7)Polytype phenomenon in layer stacking structure of ferroelectric liquid crystalline polymers has been discussed:the layer structures were found to change sensitively depending on a slight change in preparation condition. 453 In this paper,a higher order scheme of numerical approximation is presented for stochastic differential equations of Ito type,where a stochastic version of Runge-Kutta(RK)scheme has been developed to evaluate the coefficients of Ito equations.The iterative evaluation has been performed for both drift and dispersion functions.It is shown that the proposed 4-stage RK scheme guarantees 1.5 order accuracy and the asymptotic efficiency. 454 CFF is known as a physiological index or a scale of fatigue.In the case of measuring CFF of a study group,We must measure CFF in a short time,so as not to exert an influence on the condition of a livining body and prevente the progress of a lesson.Thereupon,We developed such device that measures simultaneously CFF of a study group in a short time.This paper reports an outline of,the device and about a measurement environment condition of the device. 455 In general,a Polyimide resin excellent in its electrical properties such as the insulating properties and heat is widely used as a material of the protective film which is formed on the surface of a semiconductor device and as a material of the interlayer insulating film.On the other hand,a pad processing or the like is required in the manufacture of semiconductor device in order to make a through-hole in multilayered interconnection structure or to achive an electric connection to a external lead wire.In general,PEP(photo engraving process)using a photo resist is employed for patterning a polyimide film.To overcome the two-stage process,proposed is a resin composition containing a polyimide precursor,which makes it possible to pattern a polyimide film without relying on PEP.Most of photosensitive polyimide give negative images and are developed with organic solvent which may possibly cause environmental problems.An alkaline aqueous solution can be used for the development of the photosensitive polyimide to eliminate above problems.This study was undertaken to develop a positive working photosensitive polyimide.As solution protectors,are synthesized hydroxybenzoic esters with hydroxybenzoic acid and 2-N,N-dimetylaminoethanol.A positiveworking photosensitive polyimide is comprising a polyamic acid,sensi tizer(naphthoquinone diazide),a solution protector and solvent.The polyimide is coated,prebaked at 90°C,exposed under ultraviolet lamp and developed by 2.38% trymetylammoniumhydroxyde aqueous solution.It is observed that polyamic acid is partially imidized at this temperature and the solution velocity of this polyimide film is very small. 456 This study found that pozzolanic reaction,in process of consolidation,was activated by addition of a little alkali to coal ash containing calcium hydroxide wihtout cement and mechanical compaction.By this reaction,insoluble consolidated material of coal is obtained in shorter term.This material will be able to utilize for construction materials. 457 To improve the productivity of data input by using a Japanese OCR,the extraction and correction of rejected and erroneouscharacters must be made more efficient.To input correct data efficiently,this paper proposes a one-stroke multi-level correction process.The character's image and candidates for each category.are shown at the same time to minimize the confirmation and modification overhead.Compared to the technique of character by character correction,this approach reduces the required tasks by 68% in an experiment with 32,490 printed kanji characters. 458 Conventional direct code-spectrum spreading systems use M-sequence as the spreading code,which is recognized as the best system for white noise.From the viewpoint of avoiding the disturbance based on colored noise in natural environment,a new receiver system called Skipped M-sequence Demodulation(SMD) is proposed.It is possible to modify the frequency characteristics of demodulated signals,if certain chips are skipped in the demodulating process.A colored noise immunity demodulation can be achieved by selecting some proper skipping patterns.This method can be also applied to any other code sequences in principle. 459 Resently,information terminals tend to be expanded by using communication network environment.In the past,a personal terminal was usually used for creating personal data from nothing.In the future,it will be often used for utilizing data on network.Then,It is need to provide environment to change existing text data into personal data that is better for him.Here,I propose a system that provides interface for adding structures into existing text data just when he reads the text.A structured part of the text becomes front side text,and it can be replaced with back side text written personally. 460 This paper presents a method of a switching control for line interface units of ATM switching systems.For distributed control method,much infomation must be moved from active controller to nonactive one at switching controllers.In order to reduce the amount of the infomation,we proposed a method which switching at minimum point of the infomation.They are shown that a method of control between line interfaces and a method of control by central control unit for example.This method makes easy to switch controllers. 461 In this paper,we design a control system for shaping the low frequency characteristic of a new type of speaker driven by liquid pressure,so as to make larger sound at low frequencies than the usual type of speaker.In this design,we use H^∞ control design method,which can treat both frequency shaping and robust stabilization.We also illustrate the validity of the resultiong controller by showing some experimental results. 462 An efficient two-pass coding scheme has been developed in photo transmission system.In this scheme,optimum bit assignment using downsampled image is adopted to source image,so that each image is always coded by optimum quantization table.In this paper,the bit assignment procedure is described. 463 We found α-L-fucosidase was produced by Bacillus sp.K40T when cultured in the presence of L-fucose.The enzyme was purified homogeniety from the crude enzyme solution after chromatographies on hydroxylapatite and chromatofocusing.The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be about 116,000 by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,and the optimum pH was found to be 6.5.The enzyme hydrolyzed α1-2 fucosidic linkage in Lact o-n-fucopentaose(LNF)I,but never hydrolyzed α1-3,α1-4 and α1-6 fucosidic linkages in LNF III,LNF II and Fucα 1-6GlcNAc.respectively.The enzyme released L-fucose from various glycoconjugates such as porcine gastric mucin,porcine submaxillary mucin,human red blood cell. 464 In conventional input work of handwriting character,special flat plane is used for writing characters on.This work is unusual and has difficulties for long time work.The new method of getting character form information from pen movement is tried.Two small acceleration sensors are attached to the pen for measuring X and Y component of pen accelerations.From This 2 channel movements signals,character pattern is reconstructed well and small high-frequency acceleration signal caused by friction between a pen and paper isused as pen-touching signal of the pen on the paper. 465 The chemical durability of AMLCD glass substrates was evaluated with various acids as HCI,HNO_3,H_2SO._<24>,HF,Buffered hydrofluoric acid(BHF),and alkali,NaOH.When treated BHF,the surface of the glass substrates turned dim,sometimes.Microscopic obserbation revealed that the dim area corresponded to a lot of tiny hillocks.It has been concluded that there exist an effective composition of BHF as well as a recommendable cleaning condition of glass substrates to prevent the generation of tiny hillocks. 466 We have aimed at constructing a forward dynamics model(FDM)of the human arm in the form of an artificial neural network while recording EMG and movement trajectories.We succeeded in:(1)estimating the joint torques under isometric conditions and(2)estimating trajectories from surface EMG signals in the horizontal plane.The human arm has seven degrees of freedom:the shoulder has three,the elbow has one and the wrist has three.Only two degrees of freedom were considered in the previous work.Moreover,the arm was supported horizontally.So,free movement in 3D space is still a necessity.And for 3D movements or posture control,compensation for gravity has to be considered.In this paper,four joint angles,one at the elbow and three at the shoulder were estimated from surface EMG signals of 12 flexor and extensor muscles during posture control in 3D space. 467 This paper describes an automatic language identification method based on HMMs(Hidden Markov Models).The HMM topology used here is a fully structured(ergodic)model.We note here that each language has its proper phonotactics.The HMM was trained using both the Baum-Welch algorithm and the Viterbi algorithm.The latter was used for emphasized the state transition which catches the proper phonotactics.The emphasized method improved the idetification rate.Also,we proposed the method using the optimal state sequence.The combined method of HMM and state sequence method achieved the best correct identification rate. 468 Pre-mixing method is the method of placing the soil mixed with cement and admixture for segregation controlling into water bottom.The testing method for cement content in the treated soil were developed.The water content were mesured by using infrared water meter.And,the quantities of cement were tested by mesuring of calories occured on adding hydrochloric acid to the treated soil. 469 A new Block Coded FH-16QAM, TDMA system for land mobile cellular communication systems is treated.The system is composed of block coded 16QAM,cyclical slow FH and TDMA,pilot symbol assisted modulation.And also we introduce zero amplitude symbol.Decoding weighted by the symbol level at receiver side has a function to improve BER caused by co-channel interference.Then,the results of computer simulation are demonstrated. 470 Rice is the staple food for Japanese people.Studies on biologically active substances in rice will result in elucidation of novel physiological significance of rice.By using guinea pig ileum assay,we found an opioid antagonist activity in a tryptic digest of rice protein,and purified a peptide GYPMYPLPR after three steds of reversed-phase HPLC.By sequence homology analyses,this peptide was considered to be derived from one of soluble proteins in rice which belongs to the α-amylase, trypsin inhibitor family.Furthermore,this peptide showed a phagocytosis-promoting activity for human blood neutrophil.So,this peptide turned out tobe a very unique multifunctional peptide which affcts on both neuro- and immune system. 471 We proposed a new technique for grabbing facial actions using genetic programming and discussed about the techinique's performance.We limited each gene to a certain number of facial muscle motions and reconstructed a 3D facial model from the genetic information.The value of each model was set to the sum of the difference between the pixels of 3D reconstructed facial image and the actual facial image whose configuration information was grabbed from the subject face using a TV camera.The selection was then made using that value.Gene processing was also done in a genetic pool.We obtained the actual facial muscle parameter for a certain number of generations of these selections.We got good results with both 2D and 3D facial processing. 472 High valuable service in information society can be served by personal identification or verification with image processing.In this study,a method of personal identification is proposed by using image processing technique.Preliminary,the position of eye,from a series of moving image,is determined using humans winking as base position of process.Secondly,the area of face is abstracted based on eye-position,and is used to identify using its mosaic image established from low frequency domain.Experimental results show that the proposed method is robust and valid for numerous kind of face image in real scene. 473 A N-type poly silicon thin-film transistor was fabricated and its performance was investigated.This device was utilized to memory cell with the same connecting method asa p-tye TFT.Because,its stability of memory cell is good compare with a high resistiree load's. 474 In this paper,we propose a multiprocessor scheduling problem for parallel processing of design rule checking(DRC).An example of the multiprocessor system under consideration is a set of engineering work stations(EWS)connected by a network.We propose a method that considers the level of each task and repeats assignment of the tasks at the same level onto processors.We apply this method to randomly generated task graphs as well as task graphs derived from actual DRC.Experimental results demonstrate effectiveness of the proposed method. 475 A new method for detecting human upper-half body postures and positions of the humans from multiple images based on Genetic Algorithm is proposed.The parameters to be detected are corresponded to the genes,and as the fitness to environment,an overlapping area rate of real human images and sythesized human images obtained by deformin the 3D human model based on the information of the genes is used.At each generation,natural selection,crossover and mutation are performed,and after some generations,the estimated parameter values are obtained from the genes of the individual having the best fitness.Experiments using synthesized human images show promising results. 476 In this paper,we discuss a method for protecting a hard copy from damages caused by stains.This is because,even in our computerized society,formal documents are often used in a form of hard copy.The damaged data have been so far restored by image processing technology.In this paper,we propose a construction method that adds redundant data derived by error-correcting codes for assisting the restoration.In this proposed method,the original information can be reproduced from damaged hard copy.We first explain three methods from the viewpoint of embeding information for restoration.We show that among them,a low-bit embedding method has many advant ages.Finally we evaluate this method. 477 A self-diplexing antenna using slot-coupling feed technique has been investigated experimentally.The antenna has the configuration of stacking a circular patch antenna above an annular patch antenna with intervening a dielectric layer.To excite circularly polarized wave,the degeneration technique is used for the upper circular patch and the conventional orthogonal feed technique is used for the lower annular patch.The isolation between two antennas of more than 30 dB has been obtained at the resonant frequency of circular patch.This antenna should be useful for dual frequency operation whose frequency difference is large.The experiment has been carried out at the L-band. 478 It is always required high expandability for switching systems (e.g.to be able to add easily switching functions and services).We feel current switching systems have not enough expandability.This seems to be influenced fundamentally by the Von Nuemann type systems which has a procedural control as its basis.We have developed a call processing model on the top-down functional approach which is free from the procedural control.The dataflow-concept based on an informationflow is effective in implementing this model,and we propose the switching program structure based on it.The result that we draw a merit of this model as it is was obtained,and we confirmed that this method is essentially effective for the expandability,in addition to the efficiency. 479 We propose a new delay optimization technique using partial collapsing,that is extended from a previous one which aims at reducing logic level in the technology independent circuits.Our approach collapses only nodes in the cluster on the maximum critical path.It's implemented on Varchsyn(logic synthesis system),and the experiment shows the maximum delays of the circuits synthesized with this technique are improved on average 6%(max 36%)better than the conventional timing optimization sequence.In comparison with applying it to technology independent circuits,the maximum delays can be reduced efficiently when applying it to technology dependent circuits.Furthermore,we achieve a much better result when applying it both before and after technology mapping. 480 Reachability analysis,which decides a specific state appearance in a specified system,is a major task of specification verification of communication systems.In this paper,the characteristics of a rearchable set of communication software specifications,defined using re-writable type production system,is discussed.Assuming to define reachable states as reachable semi-global states including multiple processes,the size of a reachable set is predicted to be monotone increasing about the number of processes in the system.Therefore,in order to guarantee reachability in general cases,the system including infinite number of processes should be assumed.In this paper,the functional relation between the number of processes and reachable sets is clarified,and an algorithm to obtain a minimum number of processes giving the largest set of reachable states.Consideration of this number of processes makes it possible to analyze this kind of system. 481 A new program-development technique is used successfully in a automated hardware design system mimicking the natural embryonic development process.In the system,Hardware Description Language(HDL)-programs are generated following to a rewriting system,and evolved by changing the generating process according to fitness evaluation.A concept "determinant" is introduced to make subblocks of a program cooperate each other and to differentiate their function. 482 This paper discusses how to derive message sequence charts(MSCs)from a set of state transition descriptions.Recently,a MSC notation receives much attention in the communications software field because it graphically shows system global behavior,and MSC handling techniques are eagerly studied.These activity recommend to design a system by a set of formal MSC in the early stage and then convert them into state transition descriptions.However,these results can hardly be applied to existing communications software products.This is because these systems are designed based on state transition descriptions and there are no formal MSCs for them.In this paper,we propose a MSC deriving method based on optimized reachability analysis.This method generates MSCs avoiding state explosion.A case study result using Q.931 protocol shows the feasibility of the method. 483 To recognize in real time the static environment such as road lanes and some moving objects such as the preceding vehicles,a robust method with low calculation cost is needed.This paper describes a method in which the moving objects are recognized by observing the edge-histogram in the time order.The edge-histogram means the histogram projection of a defferential image.Furthermore,expanded method is described in which the road lanes are recognized by the edge-histogram projected toward the radial direction from the FOE.The experimental result are also reported. 484 Polyimides have been extensively used in microelectronics and many other fields because of their thermal durability.Among the many kinds of polyimides,fluorinated polyimides have many advantages such as a low dielectric constant,lowthermal expansion coefficient,and optical transparency.We have shown basic experimental results for device processes and some application results such as frequency trimming,passivation film,formation of passive circuit elements,and multilayered devices. 485 ECG signals are frequently used to define cardiac cycle trigger generation to help other businesses,to monitor patient in unconstrained,unconscious conditions,etc..In such cases conventional leads may not be employed in order not to disturb the host business or subject patient.In this study a variety,of electrode pair positions are tried in accordance with available signal qualities.A toilet seat with ECG electrodes will allow daily unconscious check where a lead-6(as author defines)yields similar signal as conventional lead-1,with about 1, 10 amplitude attenuation.Foot to foot lead also is an extension of lead-6,which is best suited for out of the bore ECG acquisition in MRI. 486 This paper presents a novel planar antenna measurement technique that uses the electro optic sampling(EOS)method.EOS was first introduced to measure the electric field intensity on LSI substrates.The proposed technique measures the electric field on the surface of planar antenna using the EOS method.Two kinds of planar antenna,i.e.,one element and two elements array with microstrip antenna fabricated on alumina substrate,and a slot antenna fabricated on GaAs substrate,is tested.and measurement accurarcy is confirmed. 487 With the demand for optical fiber cables growing in recent years,multiple optical cables have been installed in one route,especially in urban areas.To cope with the situation,some proposals have been made for measures to indivisually identify such fiber cables at a site.We have developed Optical Cable Finder which has a considerablly longer dynamic range than conventional cable identifiers have and which can also apply to identification was impossible with conventional ones.The paper reports development of Optical Cable Finder for tape-slot type optical cable. 488 In this paper we propose the data partitioning graph(DPG)as an intermediate representation for parallelizing compilers.Traditional task graphs can describe dependencies between tasks,but not represent each variable which may be the source of data dependencies.Therefore it is difficult to apply traditional task graphs to data partitioning.Besides traditional data partitioning methods usually are ad-hoc,and tends to be used with a lack of the inter-processor communication problem such as scheduling,which should be handled simultaneously.Representing variables in itself,the DPG can provide a framework to handle various inter-processor communication problem as well as general methods for any kinds of data partitioning. 489 Lead-acid batteries are widely used in telecommunications networks for stand-by power system.It is necessary to periodically check the batteries' capacity because the batteries deteriorate with age.The manpower reguired to check these batteries is seriously consideration.Equipment for estimating battery deterioration has been developed.This remarkable piece of equipment is capable of reducing the reguired manpower.This paper describes the results of field tests and methods for increasing the acuracy of this device. 490 In this paper,a method for motion analysis of moving objects in image sequence is described.We obtain locus of each object by hierarchical tracking based on the certainty measurement in object extraction.The motion to detect is represented by the combination of some measurable motion elements such as position,velocity,moving direction,and so on.We calculate the similarity between motion of each object and motion model to detect,using the value of these motion elements gotten from the locus of the object.This method has been applied to image sequence obtained in real outdoor environment to analyze the motion of human being. 491 In this paper the examination about two methods that reduce the co-channel interference effect is carried out.For cellular system the co-channel interference is major factor determining spectral efficiency.In these methods the fading distortions of desire and interference signal are estimated independently and respectively by inserting their pilot symbols without interference.As the results of computer simulation,we confirmed that the co-channel interference was reduced remarkably by multi-signal simultaneous detection in these methods. 492 The first main part of this study is the examinationl about the target trajectory and dynamics model of a manipulator.These are suitable for the identification with the smallest error.As a result,the quasi-white noise and artificial neural network model are the best for identification.The second main part is the proposal of the neural network model to produce the optimal trajectory with consideration of the weight change of load.Applying this model as an industrial manipulator,it can extract the best performance of the one. 493 Single shear tests were examined experimentally to estimate the productivity in extrusion moulding of cementitious materials.A standard evaluation method is proposed,which is clarified to be effective for indicating the properties of materials before actual'extrusion on the basis of several Series of experiments of material combinations.The followings can be noted as the main concluding remarks;1)Single shear tests are proper to check the materials prepared for extrusion moulding.2)Internal friction coefficient is fundamental as indicating properties for extrusion moulding.3)Application of new materials to extrusion moulding can be actuated through this indicating method. 494 It is expected that the function of Service Control Point(SCP)in Advanced Intelligent Network(AIN)should be complex and an SCP should handle a large volume of traffic,in order to meet various and advanced needs of telecommunication service users.An excessive increase of the traffic load to an SCP causes not only an SCP congestion but also a network congestion,which leads to low service completeness.So AIN requires sensitive and effective congestion control.This paper proposes an autonomous congestion control of SCP which detects self congestion and gives some execution restrictions by itself.That control is applicable to an SCP,in AIN,which is composed of separate functional modules,and realizes improvement of service execution. 495 This paper proposes image compression methods based on the localization property of wavelet transform,whose coefficients with large absolute values correspond to locally important image features.The first method is to discard coefficients independently by comparing them with the resolution-dependent thresholds.In the second method,in order to utilize multi resolutional property of wavelet transform,even the coefficients preserved in the first method will be further discarded unless all of their related coefficients of the lower resolutions are preserved in the first method.In these two methods,fairly good compression performance is achieved without a substantial loss of image quality. 496 With system design for large complex and high speed signal processors,the data path should be laid out more automatically with higher reliability.In this paper,we propose a new method of timing-driven data path placement,based on the net weight on critical paths and pseude macro generation by partitioning of parameterized netlist.Experimental results show sufficient effectiveness of this method. 497 We studied the suitable system for FTTC(Fiber To The Curb),which transmit 150ch AM, 16QAM hybrid optical signals to more than 100 curbs.For this system,low-distortion,low-noise optical devices are essential and optical modulation index have to be set to optimum value.So,we newly developed a 1.55um DFB-LD with strained layer MQW structure.And we examined optimum wavelength and optimum optical input power to EDFA for realizing a freedistortion,low-noise EDFA.Then,we set the wavelength to 1561nm and the optical input power to 6dBm on this system,which have 2-stage cascade EDFAs.And we investigated the optimum optical modulation iridex.So,this system have good performance for FTTC. 498 Permeable paving of epoxy resin was given thixotropic and permeable paving was added filler and fiber to improve durability.That was carried out an examination of new construction and repair by the method described in the previous paper.It was found that increased early age strength and improved durability whereas surface became slipper according as too flat and smoothes to give thixotropic.Besides permeable paving to added filler with distribution of grading in moderation and shapes that execution of work improved,decreases in feel of a material were possible repressed and increase in flexural strength was possible. 499 This paper deals with an approach to achieve the orthogonality in asynchronous spread spectrum(SS)communication systems.Based on the mechanism how conventional orthogonal SS systems looses the orthogonality in asynchronous case,countermeasure method is studied for direct sequence(DS)SS system using modified M-sequence with DC bias.This paper proposes the use of guard interval around a bit duration(acycle of M-sequence)in spreading process,correlation over the gated interval in despreading process and selection of spreading codes with adequate phase shift.The proposed system can keep the orthogonality in quasi-synchronous bit timing and makes it possible to increase the channel capacity of code division multiple access(CDMA)systems without a cost of precise synchronization.It is also useful to reduce the near-far problem in forward link of CDMA cellular system. 500 We are developing a x-ray apparatus for blood products to protect from GVHD is one of big topics after transfusion on today.The apparatus-consists of three system;handling system,x-ray system and dosemeter system.Especially handling system is the most important on this development.Effect;We success to make shortly irradiation time is only 5 minutes,it can irradiate one package as you need when it's on emergency.Result of two opposed fields irradiation and radiography;x-ray quality difference is under 15% and photographic density difference is under 10%.We are pursuing conversion facter from exposure to absorbed-dose. 501 In case of removal of soil structure ruins in buried underground,the effective prevention method is reinforcing of soil by PEG(polyethyleneglycol) impregnation.In practice there is need to evalute resin impregnation.The most promising evaluting method is conductivity measurement.The results of lagoratory experments for application of conductivity to evalute PEG impregnation in soil lead to follows:It isn't affected by the nature of soil that conductivity drop with increase in PEG content volume and depend on PEG content volume.Therefore it is possible that conductivity measurement is useful for evaluting PEG resin impregntion. 502 We measured the transverse and the longitudinal electric field on a coplanar transmission line by the electrooptic sampling system based on a short pulse laser.The components of the electric field are obtained by changing the polarization of the sampling beam.We cannot ignore the longitudinal electric fidld of the electrical pulses whose rise time is less than 1 ps.We estimate the rise time of the transverse 503 Highly sensitive X-ray fluoroscopy test for fine defects in ceramics is presented.Instead of conventional integral Image processing on fluoroscopy test,a new type of testing with image subtraction method is proposed.By using the new testing method,in addition to reducing random noise till very low level,other components of noise in X-ray TV image can be greatly reduced because of detecting of only moving points of defects In the TV Image.which can enhance the image contrast of the defects remarkably.Very high detectability more than usual film method can be obtained. 504 To obtain the data required regarding scale effect of mechanical properties of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Concrete(CFRC),bending test was performed with 11 kinds of specimens from 4×4×16(cm)up to l0×15x400(cm).As the results.the bending strength of CFRC members decreases in proportion to the increase of size of specimens,especially the depth of beam.and this is affected by orientation of carbon fibers,which could by different size and shapes of CFRC members. 505 To reuse frameworks,programmers have to understand the programs in details.This paper introduces an analysis method for identifying and infering actual types which are dynamically determined.Objective-C can define the universal dynamic type "id".This cases,analysis more difficult,because "id" can have an instance of any types dynamically.Analysis of list elements are also problem.Our study proposes how actual types are identified in "id" variables and list elements,and shows some results of an experiment which applied this method. 506 'Receptive platform'has been proposed to support stable service provision in large-scale distributed systems.It provides functions to tolerate various effects of changes.In order to achieve 'receptive platform',updating technique plays an important role.The concept of dynamically updating and the group communications algorithm to implement this concept have also been proposed.However,the proposed algorithm cannot solve the problem of deadlock occurrence.This paper describes a novel group communications algorithm that can detect deadlock occurrence by timeout setting and can resolve it by applying the checkpoint-rollback method for avoiding unspecified reception occurrence.This algorithm can support more updating styles than the existing algorithm. 507 A new type of automation-oriented systematic structural methods for rationalizing and mechanizing construction of reinforced concrete buildings is proposed,which can be applied to various conditions of sites,even to populated sites adjacent to each other.All the structural menbers such as sheathing panels and reinforcements are prefabricated without any skillful work on sites.This sheathing panels with high flexural strength are installed after forming U shape sections.Reinforcements are formed to the two shapes,cross and linear.The order of installing procedures is proposed to proceed reinforcements prior to formworks. 508 For the purpose of the improvement of bending strength and ductility of thin sheathing material,this paper clarified the mechanical property of prestressed formworks. 509 For the purpose of the improvement of bending strength and ductility of thin sheathing material,this paper clarified the mechanical property of prestressed formworks. 510 Based on a service operation system platform concept,which enables to share data and functions between operation systems,a prototype system was developed and is currently evaluated in the real environment.This experience has identified three requirements;(1)it is necessary for the system to follow the modifications of network elements and network operation systems,(2)HMIWS and common DB are constructed separately,so that program files should be delivered synchronously when they are upgraded,and(3)The platform should not stop while network elements and networks are being upgraded.This paper proposes a model of program module management,which is based on distributed program module delivery and recovery at the failure,and describes details of model,implementation problems to be solved,and future issues. 511 We propose an optical filter which is composed of thin disk pillbox-type resonators and coupling waveguides.Wavelength characteristics of a pillbox-type resonator coupled with curved waveguides is numerically calculated,and the resonance characteristics is found.This calculation is done by using the scattering matrices,whose elements are obtained from the results of the eigenvalue calculation based on the finite element beam propagation method(FE-BPM)and mode matching.Moreover the wavelength selective filter characteristics can be obtained by using some coupled resonators,in which an electrode is laid on each pillbox and bias voltage can be adjusted to control each resonance characteristics. 512 The bed on the putting green is cooled by the water that is circulated through the pipe buried in the ground.This cooling is tried to restrain the disease of the lawn,bentgrass,in summer.To measure the ground temperature,the thermistors are setted at each depth in the field with cooling pipe and the field without it.The ground located within 15cm from the pipo is undcr the influence of cooling.The measurement data will be used to estimate the heat conductivities in the ground. 513 Pesticides pollutions are cause for Concern.These are heavily employed in golf courses.To maintain grass,ground level temperature should be controled by using water pipes under the ground.Discrete-time dynamic programming which is combined with finite element method is proposed to investigate the ground level temperature. 514 A novel optical fiber communications system based on the optical soliton is proposed,in which the phase of the optical soliton is modulated.The digital information is carried by the pulse being vacant or not in the conventional system.In contrast to that,the proposed system carries the information by the phase of each soliton pulse or the phase difference between the neighboring solitons.The fundamental transmission characteristics,including the periodic amplification and the transmission control with frequency filters and, or nonlinear gains,is studied. 515 In the case of vibration reduction systems with Tuned Mass Damper mechanisms,control effects will not be lost radically,if dynamic characteristics on phase are holded,even if wave forms.is not in proper shape or amplitudes are modulated.From this point of view,a prominent design method of THD will endeavored in this paper.The four papers presented this year investigate methods to reduce large amplitude vibrations utilizing TMD mechanisms with small strokes.This first part of the papers propose two kinds of passive mechanisms and a adaptive one to confine,strokes of IWD system keeping vibration reduction effects. 516 Amplitueds of stationary vibration of SDOF structures controled by THD mechanisms proposed in Part 1 are calculated for the case that they are subjected to harmonic ground motions.The results on TMD mechanisms show that the adaptive control mechanism has higest stroke confining effects without remarkable increase of amplitueds of absolute accelerations especially in small auxiliary mass ratio mechanisms.But passive mechanisms hold better vibration reduction effects than adaptive one in the comparison of same dampling coefficeinet ratio. 517 Fundamental characteristics of 2ODF structures with TMD mechanisms proposed in Part 1 investigated for the case that they subjected to seimic excitations.Results show that vibration redubtion effects become hardly bad by reducing strokes of TMD mechanisms with any stroke confining mechanisms.And adaptive mechanisms has highest stroke confining effects.But in the case that TMD mechanisms have very short strokes for required ones,a little vibration reduction effects are lost and maximum amplitudes of vibrations at controlled structures increase about 30£%!. 518 We examined the distance extension of the direct modulation repeaterless transmission systems over non-dispersion-shifted fiber(NDSF)by introducing dispersion compensating fiber(DCF).Theoretical model simulations showed that postcompensation scheme is preferable,and that the self phase modulation effect(SPM)in DCF mainly deteriorates the transmission characteristics in this,scheme.Using these results,2.4Gb, s repeaterless transmission over 306km NDSF has been demonstrated with no power penalty. 519 We examined the anti-HIV activity and -anticoagulant activity of several sulfated alkyl laminarioligosaccharides which were individually prepared by use of five pure oligosaccharides of laminari-pentaose through laminari-nonaose,and the relationship between the chemical structure and biological activities.All of the sulfated alkyl laminari-oligosaccharides except for those having short alkyl chains such as nbutyl group,exhibited potent inhibitory effects on HIV infection.The anti-HIV activity of sulfated dodecyl and sulfated octadecyl laminaripentaoside through laminarinonanoside was almost equivalent,although only sulfated octadecyl laminaripentaoside had a considerably high cytotoxicity.It was revealed that sulfated perfluoroalkyl laminari-oligosaccharides had highly anti-HIV activities and negligible cytotoxicities.In addition,the anticoagulant activity of the sulfated alkyl laminarioligosaccharide was assessed.The anticoagulant activity increased as the number of sugar residue increased from 5 to 9. 520 A new configurationof lensed-fiber structures for coupling between arrayed laser diodes and single-mode fibers is proposed,and the basic operation has been confirmed.The new coupling scheme consists of hemispherically-ended coreless fiber tip and a beam-expanding fiber.The new lensed fiber has a long working distance more than 150μm and a low coupling loss(4.3 dB at the wavelength 1.49μm).Under the condition of 1-dB loss incriment,tolerance against axial,lateral,and angular misalignment are ±17μm,±1.3μm,and ±0.4°,respectively. 521 This paper presents the logic partition method to optimize the large scale circuits.The proposed logic partition method find out the sub-circuits which are able to optimized.However,there is the property that given two sub-circuits cannot be optimized between them,if they have no common transitive fanin.The proposed method can find common transitive fanin very quickly,because the method constructs the matrix to presents the transitive fanin information.And then,the method extract the rectangle from the matrix.Also,after the proposed method,the logic optimization methods are applied to the partitioned circuits in experimental results. 522 Three-dimensional scientific data consist of arrays of floating digits.Thus,an effective compression algorithm and a standard representation of such volume data are important in the multimedia communications.In our cluster representation,the volume data is encoded as a 3-D distribution of smoothed particles.Each particle,with an internal distribution profile,is assigned to have the shared value and the spread radius.In the decoding process,the expectation value is calculated by the superposition of clustering particles.This algorithm can adapt the spatial resolution by controlling the total number of particles and the particle radius.As a result,the direct volume visualization of the compressed data becomes possible. 523 Opioid peptides were isolated from digests of bovine β-casein by various proteases.A novel peptide YPVEPF was isolated from the pepsin-pancreatin degest.YPVEPFTESQ and YPVEPFTESQLT were isolated from pepsin-trypsin digest.These were named β-neocasomorphins-6,-11 and -13,respectively.For the release of β-casomorphins(YPFPGPIX),leucine-aminopeptidase was required in addition to these enzymes.β-Casomorphins-13 and -21 were isolated as new opioid peptides.Molecular species of opioid peptides released were variable according to the genetic variants of β-casein used. 524 This paper presents the characteristics of the learning process of the existing method to learn Boolean functions as K-CNF in domains having a potentially infinite number of attributes,with the simulations for the 10,000 examples each of which is generated by one of arbitrarily created 1,000 binary trees,and its deficiencies compared with decision tree methods.Under this conditions,an extended ID3-like decision tree learning algorithm is presented with a pruning method of examples some of which are artificially generated during the course of this ID3-like learning. 525 Advanced Intelligent Network provides the customized services to define service specifications by customers.Customer may define theire new services without considering exsting services and, or conditions of other customers.Then,new services may be interacted with other services,and the service interactions cause network control confusion.For the customized service execution,such interactions must be detected at the contract and defindion phases and notify to the customers.This paper describes the factors of service interaction and methods of service interactions between customized specifications before service execution. 526 The need for videoconferencing has been increasing today,but it doesn't seem that the videoconferencing systems currently in use are satisfactory.Their pictures are often tedious and boring.To solve this problem,we have aimed at expression and direction of TV pictures,especially of debate programs.Some TV debate programs have been selected and analyzed.For an examination,an appropriate classification of the shots has been thought out.Then duration of each shots and transition probability among classes have been examined.From these,rules for controlling pictures on videoconferencing have been obtained. 527 The authors examined the SCM optical transmitter employing an MQW-EA external modulator having broadband and low chirp characteristics and the predistortion linearization circuit that compensates the nonlinear distortion generated by the modulator.A 2.4 GHz AM, 16QAM/FM hybrid SCM signal transmission and a 100 km-long 42 channel AM-SCM signal transmission were performed by means of the MQW-EA modulator,EDFAs and 1.3μm zero-dispersion single mode fibers.The experimental results show the feasibility of the modulator for broadband analog transmission systems and for suppressing the signal distortion caused by the combined action of laser chirp and fiber dispersion.Furthermore,the authors verify that applying the electrical circuit that compensates the third order nonlinear distortion is effective for the modulator. 528 We have proposed dynamic optimization principles for arm trajectory formation.In these principles,both extrinsic coordinates(usually task-oriented visual coordinates)and intrinsic body coordinates(e.g.,joint angles,muscle lengths or muscle activities)are used for trajectory planning.The principles predict that the planned trajectory is invariant in the intrinsic space for kinematic alteration,and it is altered in the external force field.We confirmed these predictions by experiments on human reaching movements in which artificial nonlinear transformation between the hand position and the cursor position on a CRT screen was introduced and external viscosity force was fed to the hand of the subject. 529 Coherent Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry(C-OFDR)is demonstrated for a long single-mode optical fiber at a wavelength of 1.55 μm by using a highly coherent lightwave source and an electro-optical(EO)exter mal phase modulator.Rayleigh backscattering and Fresnel reflection from a 16.4 km optical fiber are observed.The insertion of an optical fiber delay line in a probe lightwave path makes it possible to distinguish the Rayleigh backscattering profile due to the 1st order modulation sideband from those due to the higher order sidebands.A spatial resolution of better than 100 m is achieved for two neighboring Fresnel reflectors located near the far end of the test fiber. 530 This paper describes a method to update coeficients of an adaptive filter used in MONO-POLE active noise control system.First,described is a formula to update the coeficients,and then the effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed with a computer simulation and two experiments using a analogue filter and a loudspeaker.The ammount of attenuation of 5-7 dB was achieved in the simulation,and that of 3-4 dB was achieved in the experiment using an analogue filter. 531 In the virtual space teleconferencing system,to realize detection of face expressions at the sending site,3-D markers are attached to face and are tracked visually.For the reconstruction of facial expressions at receiving site,the tracking results are used to control the nodes of the wire frame model in the virtual space.In this paper,we propose new deformation rules to achive high quality 3-D facial image reconstruction using the results of 3-D measurement of dots painted on the human face for the direct sensing at many kinds of facial expressions.Then,we show experimental results for the relative importance of the numbers and positions of the facial markers.We evaluate mean square error and show the reconstruction of 3-D facial expressions. 532 An ARMA lattice filter which can synthesize signals after the signal analysis without transforming its structure has been proposed.When the ARMA lattice filter is used for synthesizing a signal,the change of the frequency characteristics caused by coefficientquantization errors is a serious problem.In this paper,a method for a quantization of ARMA lattice filter coefficients is proposed.This method can suppress the deterioration of the frequency characteristic.In this method,the coefficients are quantized to the value selected by Genetic algorithm(GA).GAs use objective function information,not derivatives or other auxiliary knowledge.In the objective function of this method,frequency weighting is used.The frequency weighting can be set to reduce the deterioration of the frequency characteristic.The effectiveness of this method is shown by the simulation of filters coefficients quantization. 533 In order to manage a telecommunication network efficiently,it is necessary to isolate the essential cause of the problem with relating all the alarms together using the knowledge of its physical connections and artificial intelligence technologies.This is called "alarm correlation".As the number of managed elements increases,however,the number of alarms becomes enormous,therefore it is crucial to correlate these alarms efficiently.We propose a high performance alarm correlation method:"Dynamically Hierarchical Hash(DHH)",which uses temporal correlation among arrived alarms,and validate the effectiveness of this method through computer simulations. 534 The study reported here is an attempt to understand human verbal-gestural behavior in a multimodal bilingual setting.Specific questions addressed are:1)What kind of deictic gestures people use in a machine-mediated condition,and how these differ from those used in a human-mediated condition,2)How significant the use of gestures is in each condition,and 3)How verbal and gestural behaviors are interrelated,4)What the implications of our findings are for a multimodal spoken language interpretation system.In this paper,we attempt to answer these questions,and introduce the architecture of a prototype multimodal user interface system.This system takes spoken language and deictic gestures and produces a semantic representation of the inputs. 535 The process for an Intelligent Power Device(IPD)that has multiple-output such as low side switch,high side switch and H-bridge has been developed.The lateral-type VDMOS(L-VDMOS)having dual aluminum layer was employed for output.In the cell pattern of the L-VDMOS,the square source cell and the rectangular source cell which designed optimally by using fine process were arranged around the optimum size square drain cell in which the drain contact area was equal to the source contact area.Therefore low on-resistance IPD that the breakdown voltage was 53V and the A⋅Ron was 116mΩ⋅mm^2 has been obtained. 536 When an expert explains some operation to a novice,different explanation strategies are used for first time explanation,review explanation,and re-explanation for recovery from communication failure.In this paper,first,we define three context factors--Task history,Novice's understanding level,and Discourse history--as the factors that determine the experts'explanation strategies in an instruction dialogue.By analyzing an instruction dialogue corpus,we reveal how these three factors affect the experts'explanation in two aspects:utterance content in the expanation and turn release point as one of the dialogue control strategies.Based on the empirical results,we also introduce a mechanism for selecting the most appropriate utterance content and dialogue control strategy for an instruction dialogue. 537 With the aim to produce a higher,wider,and flatter gain bandwidth of Er-doped fiber amplifier,a new structure is proposed and described with respect to the gain characteristics.The fiber structure consists of seven Er-Al co-doped cores covered with primary clad layers in a second clad outer layer.The aim of the amplifier is achieved by doping Al of a high concentration and nearly equal launching in at low laser level with a 0.98μm pump laser for each Er-doped core.By analyzing the optimum conditions for the fiber structure and fabricating,the amplifier with a gain of more than 40dB and a ldB spectral bandwidth of about 15nm is obtained.For a gain of about 30dB,the IdB spectral bandwidth can be broadened to more than 20nm with a wider spectral bandwidth compared with the conventional EDFA being obtained.The best value of the noise figure was 4.5dB. 538 Tests of tile specimens with artificial separation were conducted to investigate the utility and adaptability of methods with infrared thermography,for examinations of tile separation.The suitable timezone of a day for examinations by methods with infrared thermography,which depended on seasons and wall directions due to the difference of solar radiation,was found.Namely it was suggested to examine at night,when the influences of solar radiation became small.It was also found that it was possible to detect tile separations on northern side. 539 In the analog Hopfield network and the mean field theory model of the Boltzmann machine,there occur bifurcations of solutions according to the symmetry of the energy function.This also holds in the Potts neural network.In this report,we investigate the bifurcation processes of the Potts mean field theory equation applied to traveling salesman problems and shown some limitations of the annealing procedure.To overcome these,we propose a nonequilibrium version of the Potts neural network model,which is called Chaotic Potts Spin(CPS).We show experimental results for a comparison with the mean field annealing and the Potts mean field annealing.We also describe a modified algorithm in which a heuristic method is employed. 540 In future multi-media era,a lot of services will be provided by service providers,and thus it will become much more difficult to make a plan of appropriate communication services suitable for customers' requests.For such a task,we have proosed the Intelligent Dynamic Srvice Provsioning(IDSP)system.In this paper,we propose the adaptive real-time planning architecture based on the multi-agent system for the IDSP system.An agents is allocated to each terminal and each service provider.An agent get a plan called plot,a hybrid of plan-as-program and plan-as-not-program,and break it down hierarchically.We adopt the blackboard model for hierarchical planning.A knowledge source of the blackboard model isdesigned as an agency composed of heterogeneous agents.The agency is modeled by residue-driven architecture in order to prevent from breaking down non-necessary or inconsistent plots. 541 Precast epnerete members have been widely used for building construction in recent years and are in many cases produced on site for economical efficiency.The current steam curing method ishardly suitable for on site Production from the standpoints of economy,temperature control and equipment mobility.We focusedon a special heating sheet made of Japanese paper in which carbonfibers are entangled as a substitute for steam heat,and conducted real-scaleexperiments to verify its effect.This method proved feasible,as itrequires less equipment and running costs and enables closer control over temperature and strength. 542 An efficient stroke-to-stroke corespondence search algorithm is proposed with application to stroke-order-free online character recognition.An exponential order algorithm complexity is achieved by using Dynamic Programming controled by a cubic form automaton whose nodes correpond to matching status of refference strokes to input strokes.By preliminary experiments,it is demonstrated that the proposed algorithm works fast enough for prctical application.As an extention of the algorithm,connected stroke matching search algotithm is investigated applicable to cursive script. 543 This paper describes vibration control for 2-inertia system.It is well-known that a control system using disturbance observer can suppress the vibration of the motor.But,it is not sufficient to suppress the vibration of the arm.The paper proposes a control system using observer which estimate torsion and disturbance simultaneously.Good performaces of proposed method are illustrated by an experiment. 544 We propose a Rabin-type scheme over elliptic curves by^2≡x^3+x(mod n).Our scheme is uniquely decipherable by using 2-bit information.The decryption speed of our scheme is about 5.8 times faster than that of the previous Rabin-type scheme over elliptic curves.In broadcast applications,our scheme and the previous Rabin-type scheme over elliptic curves are more secure than the Rabin scheme. 545 In these years,rapid advancement of wireless communication technology has enabled users to utilize computing resources at anywhere in the computer network.In the mobile computing environment,mobile-specific conditions should be taken into account for the data integration.However,user-oriented concepts that have ever shown such as MobileView do not necessarily imply what each system should be implemented in each computer.In this paper,we propose an active data management system as an infrastructure for the data integration.In the system,any asynchronous events can be defined with ECA rules and our approach can handle any of the system architecture and resolve serious issues due to heterogeneous system environments. 546 As technologies of wireless communication and computer hardware have been growing rapidly,users can access to a wide variety of information while moving,using handy terminal equipped with wireless communication capability.This new type of computing environment is called the mobile computing environment.In the near future,this mobile computing environment will be the common alternative to replace the existing distributed environment which relies on the fixed networks as the communication medium,and will provide a more advanced distributed computing environment.This fact will strongly affect the design of our current system software,including that of database systems.This paper discusses the transaction management issues and some solution techniques for database systems in the mobile computing environment. 547 We have reported a highly enantioselective permeation of aqueous solution of(±)-tryptophan,(±)-mandelic acid,and(±)-phenethyl alcohol and so on through(+)-poly[1-{dimethyl(10-pinanyl)-silyl}propyne](PDPSP membrane)and a poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA)membrane whose surface was modified by(-)-oligo(pinanylmethylsiloxane)[OMPS, PMMA membrane]However,their permeation rates were low.In this presentation,a new membrane from a polynorbornadiene having the same chiral group(a dimethylsilylpinanyl group)as PDPSP and OMPS was prepared and its enantioselective permeability was examined.The membrane showed a good enantioselective permeability for propranolol(55%ee),tryptophan(52%ee),and mandelic acid(60%ee).Moreover,the permeation rates were much higher than those of PDPSP and OMPS membranes.The higher permeation rate with high enantioselectivity was thought to be ascriber to a more flexible main chain than that of PDPSP membrane and higher content of pinanyl group in the membrane than that of OMPS, PMMA membrane. 548 In the prediction of time series using multilayer feedforward neural networks,there are two methods for selecting learning data:the moving window data learning method and the similar data selective learning method with the correlation coefficients based similar data selection method which we proposed in a previous paper.With time series data on warming-up and pulling-down time,predictive accuracy by the both methods were investigated by numerical simulations.With warming-up time,that by the latter was considerably higher than that by the former.With pulling-down time,that by the former was slightly higher than that by the latter. 549 Scramble is effective for access control method used by broadcasting services such as pay TV.This paper presents a new scramble scheme can control the spatial, temporal resolution of video images under MPEG syntax.The scheme can be more effective on commercial use and has wider concealed level than the random-noise added scheme.Moreover,it is easy to realise this scheme based on the temporal resolution control. 550 Capillary electrophoresis(CE)is fast becoming an important separation technique in molecular biology,and it is particularly effective for proteins and nucleic acids.In CE analysis,water-soluble polymers and hydrogels such as poly(acrylamide)and its hydrogel are often used in order to achive high resolution.In this study,poly(vinyl amine)(PVAm)was used as a cationic polymer for surface coating on the capillary wall,and an artificial polynucleotide,poly(9-vinyladenine)(PVAd),was used as an affinity ligand for nucleic acids.When PVAm is adsorbed on the fused silica capillary wall,its charge becomes positive.Using PVAm coated capillary,high performance CE of myoglobin was studied.On the other hand,we have investigated the interaction between PVAd and nucleic acids.PVAd forms complexes with single-strand DNA and RNAs such as polyU by hydrogen bonding interaction between adenine and thymine or uracil.In order to recognize pyrimidine bases in nucleic acids,PVAd was physically entrapped in closs-linked poly(acrylamide).First,the apparent association constants between PVAd and oligonucleotides wereestimated.The results suggest that the interaction between PVAd and oligonucleotides was dependent on the number and sequence of thymidylic acid constructed oligodeoxynucleotides.Finally,CE analysis of point mutation in DNA was achieved using the PVAd-poly(acrylamide)conjugate hydrogel. 551 The mel-generalized cepstral analysis method includes the several speech analysis method and it was shown that this method was useful for speech processing.In this paper,we discuss the spectral representation of speech using mel-generalized cepstral coefficients for speech-coding and speech-synthesis applications.The stability of the synthesis filter can be easily ensured even if the proposed spectral parameter is quantized.First,the statistical distribution and computational complexity for calculating the parameter from mel-generalized cepstral coefficients are investigated using speech database.Next,the quantization and interpolation properties of the proposed parameter are compared with that of LSP.As a result,it is shown that proposed parameter has better performance than LSP. 552 A sputter target ejection angle distribution model with molecular dynamics(MD)mehod has been developed.This model includes initial atom velocity calculation with thermal analysis,MD atom trajectory calculation using interatomic potential.The dependence of the angular distribution on the applied voltage simulated by this model is qualitatively agree with the experiment. 553 A design of current-mode active RC filters for low-voltage and high-frequency applications using complementary bipolar current mirror pairs is presented.The proposed current-mede filters consist of simple bipolar current mirrors and capacitors and are suitable for monolithic integration.Since the filters are based on the integrator type of realization,the proposed method can be used for wide applications.The frequency of the filters can easily be changed by controlling the DC current.A seventh-order flat delay lowpass filter of a cascade structure and a third-order leapfrog filer are designed as examples and simulated by SPICE using standard bipolar technology.The results show good performance both in frequency characteristics and tunability. 554 This paper describes an on-line load prediction system for supporting DHC(District Heating and Cooling)plants operation.Especially for DHC plants using electricity,it is desirable to shift electric power using from daytime to nighttime by thermal storage.For that purpose,it is necessary to make a schedule of the operation of DHC plant,based on the predicted hourly load for the next day.This prediction system is consist of three components.One is the daily total load prediction.Second is the load pattern prediction.The last is the hourly load predictions.Neural network model is applied for the load pattern prediction.This paper shows results of simulation on the load pattern prediction and the hourly load predictions using real DHC plant heat load data. 555 We have already proposed a method to determine the elastic constant ratio K_<33>, K_<11> from a linear relationship between capacitance and reciprocal voltage of LC cell in the higher voltage range.In this method,it was found that a small error in determing the Freedricksz threshold voltage V_c induce a large error of K_<33>/K_<11>.In this paper,we propose a new method to determine V_c by simple curve fitting of capacitance-voltage curve in a low voltage region.Then,by using this V_c value,K_<33>/K_<11> can be accurately determined by the previously rerported method mentioned above. 556 S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM) synthetase is one of the enzymes for the biosynthesis of mugineic acid-family phytosiderophores, which are effective Fe-chelators of iron-deficient graminaceous plants. We investigated whether the activity of SAM synthetase and the transcription of SAM synthase gene was induced under iron-deficiency condition.1. The activity of SAM synthetase in Fe-deficient barley roots was almost the same as in Fe-sufficient ones.2. We cloned partial cDNA fragment using PCR method from barley roots whose deduced amino acid sequence was very homologous with amino acid sequences of SAM synthetase of other plants. Using this cDNA fragment as a probe, we isolated three SAM synthetase iso-genes from cDNA library of barley seedling.Using each specific nucleotide sequence of these three genes as a probe, we are now investigating the expressions of these isogenes of barley SAM synthetase under the environmental and nutrient stresses including Fe-deficiency. 557 In Internet, packets are forwarded hop-by-hop manner in each router according to routing table which was constructed by routing information generated by the packets'destination AS (Autonomous System). Since the origin AS can not see the routing table in other ASes, this makes the routing management difficult. Thus, this paper proposes a reflector which reflects the routing information to the origin. This reflector is opened to Internet operators and each operator can understand the current routing by accessing reflectors located in main network access points distributed in the world. 558 Abstract : A concept of Terrestrial ISDB (Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting)system for the next generation digital broadcasting is proposed. Main technical elements of the system are BST-OFDM (Band Segmented Transmission of OFDM signal)and SCM (Slot Control Multiplexing)which efficiently allocate program component of ISDB to segmented bands. TMCC (Transmission and Multiplexing Configuration Control)signal controls the receiving function of receivers and provides the system flexibility and extensibility. The management of time information is also discussed with relation to the BST-OFDM scheme assuming MPEG-2 TS (Transport Stream)as an example. 559 Both the spectrum efficiency and the service availability are improved by introducing a hierarchical transmission technique into the satellite ISDB (Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting). In addition, a new technique that can change the transmission schemes with TMCC (Transmission and Multiplexing Configuration Control)signal provides more effectiveness to the ISDB.The signal control the lower level of demodulators and set their configurations. This paper shows the effect of these techniques and the method to generate the flexible ISDB signals. 560 For the noninvasive diagnosis of heart disease based on the acoustic and elastic characteristics of the heart muscle, it is necessary to transcutaneously measure small vibration signals, including components with an amplitude of less than 100 μm, from various parts of the heart wall continuously for periods of more than several heartbeats in a wide frequency range up to 1 kHz. Such measurement, however, has not been realized by any ultrasonic diagnostic methods or systems to date. By introducing the constraint least-square approach, this paper proposes a new method for accurately tracking the movement of the heart wall based on both the phase and magnitude of the demodulated signal to determine the instantaneous position of the object so that the vibration velocity of the moving object can be accurately estimated. By this method, small vibrations of the heart wall with small amplitudes less than 100 μm on the motion resulting from a heartbeat with large amplitude of 10 mm can be successfully detected with sufficient reproducibility in the frequency range up to several hundred Hertz continuously for periods of about ten heartbeats. The resultant small vibration is analyzed not only in the time domain but also in the frequency domain. The new method offers potential for research in acoustical diagnosis of heart disease. 561 We have optimized the growth conditions of InGaAs, GaAs strained-layer quantum well (SL-QW) structures on GaAs(311)A substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. We have fabricated the vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, and demonstrated the continuous wave(CW) operation for the first time at room temperature. Furthermore, a very low threshold currennt density of 163 A/cm^2 and stable polarization control characteristics up to 2.7 times threshold current are achieved. A high extinction ration more than 12.7 dB is also obtained. These results are believed to be a consequence of the predicted both of the high gain and anisotropic gain distribution of SL-QW grown on the(311)A surface. 562 Rapid progress of network, multimedia technologies has enabled a variety of communication between distant places with high effectiveness. This trend began to affect the school sector to reform the conventional style of education, and inter-school collaboration is actively studied.We are studying the possibility whether bi-directional, interactive and highly realistic learning is possible by connecting two schools online with large amount of information. We will try to define CSCW model on which pupils can promote their creativity, and then propose the agent functions necessary to implement this method. 563 A retransmission protocol for a satellite broadcast connection(point-to-multipoint)is proposed and its performance charactristics are considered.The protocol is the automatic repeat request(ARQ)of the selective repeat(SR)scheme and uses the collisions.By detecting the collision of the confirmation transmitting the data frame and the repeat requests,the transmitter station retransmits.Our analytical models show that this protocol performs considerably better than the other protocols,paticularly in envirorunents with a large number of receivers.And it is an excellent characteristic of this protocol that the equipments of the transmitter station need not to be increased with an increase in number of receiver stations. 564 A method for flaw detection in concrete using wheel-shape transducers has been described. Wheel-shape trasducers take advantage of better handling and better fitting with rough surface. Bi-cross-section technique, however, has the problem that it recieves Rayleigh waves. Furthermore strong attenuation of concrete forces operation in low frequency, which makes the flaw detection coarser in resolusion and more difficult in technology. So experimental equipment has been designed to move two transducers independently, in which some signal-processing methods like synthetic aperture would be available. Then we have developed "extending aperture" to reduce Rayleigh waves and migration to measure the velocity of bulk waves and to construct the tomography. Good results have been obtained in the experiment of the testing block in which thickness changes localy. 565 We describe a method to detect hand position, posture and finger bendings using multiple camera images. Stable detection of position and posture can be performed by using skeleton images. We confirmed the stability of those through experiments. This system can be used as a user interface device in a virtual environment, replacing glove type devices and overcoming most disadvantages of contact type devices. Future works includes development of parameter adjustment mechanism for hand movement and verification of availability as a gesture based man-machine interface system. 566 In order to offer higher quality of residential environment in apartment building structures, double-floor slab system was introduced in Part 1 of the present study, and total of fifteen full-scale specimens with inverted-T and L-shape R, C-slab to R/C-beam specimens were tested in Part 2.Herein, total of six full-scale specimens with different SRC-beam to R, C-slab connection details are tested. In Part 3, object of the present research, design of connection details between SRC-beam and R/C-floor slabs, and experimental method are presented. 567 Total of six full-scale specimens with different SRC-beam to R, C-slab connection details are tested under monotonic vertical loading method. Test results were compared with the conventional theoretical values for designing R/C-floor slabs. Based on the present experiment, better connection details between SRC-beam to R/C-slabs were proposed for actual building structures. 568 To excute examinations of concrete constructions, whith were not able to access the object zone or area such as high or dangerous place, a image processing system, which was able to extract informations of deteriorations of concrete constructions such as width and total length of cracks, coming off and so on thorough photographs, was developed. Plottings of crack distributions and deteriorated area of the object was put out by the system. 569 We study flower color change in gentian by gene technological control of carotenoid pigments biosynthesis.In higher plants, phytoene synthase gene (psy) of Lycopersicon esculentum (fruit), Capsicum annuum (fruit) and Arabidopsis thaliana (seedling), one of carotenoid biosynthesis genes, has been reported.In this study, psy has been cloned from petal of Gentiana lutea (yellow flower type), which is grown in Hokkaido experimental station for medicinal plants of national institute of health science. The PCR was used to obtain psy probe using the degenerate primers corresponding to the phytoene synthase amino acid sequences from the above mentioned plants. The cDNA library from the petal of G.lutea were used as the template for enzymatic amplification. The PCR probe of about 750bp, corresponding to a part of the phytoene synthase gene, was confirmed by nucleotide sequence, and used for screening of the cDNA.As a result, 4 clones were obtained and identified by DNA sequence to be a gentian phytoene synthase gene. 570 In business communications networks consisiting of many LANs and WANs, network management, which covers the entire network as a whole, is very difficult to achieve because the network has many intelligent elements and provides many services. A network management system is required to make the network more efficient. In this paper, we propose a knowledge-based fault management system for complicated business communications networks that contain both LANs and WANs. This system incorporates autonomic task agents which manage individual functions by utilizing artificial intelligence. Communication among the autonomic task agents is facilitated by a blackboard model. A trouble prediction function we incorporated into the management system is described, and a classification method for the knowledge-based structure and a composite reasoning method, both of which can speed up the response time of the fault management process, are presented and discussed. Experimental results obtained in the use of a system prototype to evaluate the effectiveness of the system are described and explained. 571 A text-independent speaker recognition method using the individual information in the harmonic structure of LP-residual spectrum is proposed. The feature parameter extracted from harmonic structure is obtained by dividing LP-residual spectrum to subbands and parameterizing the power difference of spectrum in each subband. A VQ-based text-independent speaker identification experiments are conducted using speech data uttered by 25 male and 25 female speakers over 1 year. Experimental results show that feature parameter extracted from harmonic structure gives poor identification rate when it is used alone. However, it decreases identification errors over 11% by combining it to LPC cepstral coefficients. 572 This paper proposes an N-best-based instantaneous speaker adaptation method. This method is effective even for difficult speakers whose decodings using speaker-independent (SI) models are error-prone, and for whom speaker adaptation techniques are truly needed. This method finds the combination of the HMM parameters and the word sequence that maximizes the likelihood of input speech through adaptation. Since it is too costly to attempt speaker adaptation for all possible word sequences, in order to reduce the search space without losing the correct sequence, the N-best paradigm of multiple-pass search strategies is used to calculate likely sequences. In addition, this paper introduces smoothed estimation and utterance verification into our N-best-based method. The smoothed estimation improves the performance for difficult speakers, and the utterance verification reduces the required amount of calculation. 573 The frequency utilization efficiency of an FSK system would improve, if the shift frequencies of non-integer times the frame rate (NIFSK) could be used, due to multi-ary transmission. However, since a framed sequence consisting of NIFSK includes abrupt transients, the waveform suffers from considerable distortion when transmitted via a band limited path.We propose sampling function waveform modulation system (SAFWM), defined over an extended frame, that is immune to inter-symbol interference. The transmission bandwidth is only slightly larger than that of zero to the maximum shift frequency. At the receiver, the original NIFSK can be restored by correlative detection with the same waveforms. Distortionless transmission is confirmed by computer simulation. 574 In order to improve stability of offshore structure, a new foundation type was proposed in which artifially created suction was utilised. The proposed foundation possesses water drainage function from its base. It was expected that the stability of the foundation was improved by draining water from beneath the foundation by which seepage flow was created and pore water pressure was reduced and then effective stress was increased accordingly. The actual effect was confirmed by centrifuge model tests by which the expansion of yield surface was observed in non-domensional load plane. 575 A bipolar very low-voltage tripler core is presented. The proposed very low-voltage tripler core is built from a bipolar octotail cell. Voltages applied to the individual bases of the transistors in the bipolar octotail cell are aV_x+bV_y+cV_z, aV_x+(b-1)V_y+(c-1)V_z, (a-1)V_x+(b-1)V_y+cV_z, (a-1)V_x+bV_y+(c-1)V_z, (a-1)V_x+(b-1)V_y+(c-1)V_z, (a-1)V_x+bV_y+cV_z, aV_x+bV_y+(c-1)V_z, and aV_x+(b-1)V_y+cV_z, Where V_x, V_y and V_z are the input signals, and a, b and c are constants, for example, V_x+V_y+V_z, V_x, V_y, V_z, O, V_x+V_y, V_x+V_z, and V_y+V_z. Simple input systems using resistive dividers are also described. The dc transfer characteristics of the proposed tripler with resistive dividers were verified on a breadboard using transistor-arrays and discrete components. The proposed tripler core is operable on very low supply voltage. The proposed bipolar tripler is practically useful because it can be easily implemented in integrated circuits by utilizing a tripler core and a resistor-only input system, and it also operates at very low voltage. Therefore, the proposed bipolar tripler is very suitable for low-power operation. 576 VOD services on WWW which improves abome problems. (1) It wastes much time to start to playback the video contents through WW server because of the great size of video contents. (2) It is hard to playback any video frames at random from the video contents.In this paper we propose the video database system on WWW which provide real-time playback establishes and random search. 577 Augmented Reality requires correct occlusion as well as severe registration between real and virtual world. In this paper, we propose a visual display system which can display correct occlusion using z-key algorithm. 578 An instrument for management and adjustment of automatic exposure control unit in cineradiography was developed. In this instrument, test radiography with film is not needed since the quantity of relative input light intensity to cine camera is measured with potodiode directly. Actually I fix a frame number when measure it and do it. Accordingly there is not a limit of use. Management and adjustment of automatic exposure control unit are completed more simply by using this instrument. 579 A novel optically active monomer, 3-[(S)-α-methylbenzylcarbamoyl]phenyl isocyanate (1) ([α]_<365>^<25> +63°), was synthesized and homopolymerized and copolymerized with m-methoxyphenyl isocyanate (2) using lithium amide of piperidine as the initiator in THF at -98°C. Poly (1) showed a very large specific retation ([α]_<365>^<25> -1967°) and an intense CD absorption, indicating that this polymer has a predominant one-handed helical conformation.In ^1H NMR, (±)-1,1'-bi-2-naphthol and (±)-mandelic acid showed the peaks due to enantiomers in the presence of poly (1) or poly (1-co-2) in CDCl_3. 580 It is a very imoportant and basic issue for office work to make an environment which enables us to execute jobs smoothly and efficiently. In a business environment, there is lots of linked information around us, i. e. personal documents, shared documents with coworker and information concerning our inter and intra office relationship. In this paper we reconsider this business environment from the viewponint of the individual and proposa a new more comfortable environment that we called PIE.We consider this individual viewpoint to be the most important aspect of our work, therefor, the first half of this paper solely devoted to this aspect. In the second half of the paper we will expand on the first half and describe the system configuration and services of the prototype system we buit to support individual viewpoints. 581 This paper discusses the mechanism of the distributed object message passing over electronic mail. In the wide area network environment, it is usually difficult to establish direct IP connections between two hosts because almost organizations have firewalls to protect their internal networks, while it is possible to exchange electronic mails between such hosts. The distributed object message passing over electronic mail has possibility to widen the range of distributed object communication. From an experiment of the prototype system, we clarify problems for realizing such as long delay and message ordering. At last, we show the communication speed of the prototype system and the limitation of this mechanism. 582 A novel optical information processing system by synthesis of coherence function is built up to extract two-dimensional images from a three- dimensional object at a tunable depth with neither mechanical scanning parts nor digital calculation. In this system, a two-dimensional optical lock-in amplifier with the microchannel spatial light modulator is developed to detect selectively the coherence component, so that the limitation to the depth resolution introdcued by the holographic detection which was used in our previous systems is overcome. Selective image extraction demonstrated successfully. 583 According to the scale of time that changes with the transition of a subject, people use various time concepts distinctively when time information is transmitted. It is important to be abel to judge a time scale that changes to accomodate the context to deal with time on a computer. Thus, we propose a method of analyzing tendencies in the transition of time concepts in the context in order to manage them. In this method, time concepts during a context are put on a plane with the starting point and ending point placed on two axes, and then a time scale that changes to accomodate a contextual change is judged from their distribution. 584 Human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a dimeric protein which effects on endothelial cells (EC) and vascular functions including specific stimulation of EC growth. For the purpose of the application to biomaterials, VEGF was immobilized onto AAc grafted-poly (ethylene) (PE) film using water-soluble carbodiimide (WSC). In this study, the activity of immpbilized VEGF was evaluated and its functions were compared with those of collagen (IV), fibronectin and free-VEGF.At first, the activity of VEGF was evaluated. The number of human umbilical venous endothelial cells (HUVEC) was increased with the increase of VEGF concentration. HUVEC growth was promoted by VEGF whose concentration is only 10pg, ml. 585 A method to confirm the formation of frozen soil was developed by the vibration analysis. In the laboratory tests, the vibration was measured and analyzed by giving the impact to the container in which the moist soil specimen is freezing. It was found that the peak value of its spectrum (dominant frequency) increases with the frozen volume of soil. Furthermore, the method of analysis to determine quantitatively the volume was verified t be useful from the record of temperature. Using the test result, it was used at the artificial freezing of soil in the casing tube, at the shield tunneling. 586 This paper proposes a new speech modification algorithm which makes it possible to change the fundamental frequency (F_0) while preserving high quelity. One novel point of the algorithm is that the spectrum envelope is transformed according to amount of F_0 modification. The spectrum envelope is transformed using the differential vector based on codebook mapping formulation. The differential vector is stretched according to amount of F_0 modification. It was shown by listening test that the proposed algorithm made it possible to synthesize more natural speech than conventional PSOLA algorithm. The proposed algorithm is applied to a text-to-speech system (FLUET) which is developed by our group. By the listening test in which synthesied sentence speech in three pitch ranges is used, it was confirmed that the proposed algorithm showed good performance in normal or higher pitch ranges. 587 Intelligent Networks (INs) are large-scale, functional sharing and continuous operating destributed systems. Therefore, once a feature updation request occures, especially in case of accompanying the change of platform data structure, it will impact on many IN configuring nodes and their nodal interfaces. This problem is recognized as program file updation in continuous-operating destributed systems.This paper proposes a technique for deciding a program updation procedure focusing on changes of interfaces among IN configuring nodes. The updation procedure enables to minimamize the inconsistent state of the IN systems and to provide non-stop (or short-stop) operation of the IN systems. 588 It has been reported that very high demodulation SN ratio improvements can be obtained by optimizing the despreading code under colored noise environments. In this paper, first, bit error rate (BER) characteristics of such the system are shown both thoretically and by computer simulation in case of sinusoidal and band expanded line noise environments. Next, considering the case that the transmission noise power spectrum density is unknown, an adaptive demodulation scheme is proposed, which optimizes the despreading code adaptively by using decision feedback. When adopting a learning identification method as an adaption algorithm, it is obtained such good BER characteristics in less than 20 frames by computer simulation that are very close to those of the system to which the optimum despreading code is applied. 589 This paper reports an estimation method of colored noise components included in a received signal. A transmitting frame signal is constructed of spreading code with modified code waveform so that the spectrum may comprises some null frequency components. At the receiver, the noise inference processing is carried out by assuming that the power components of both the signal and noise are unchangeable. The simulation results are shown and the inference error is examined. . 590 Each characteristic when operating by the critical mode control and the discontinuous mode control method was clarified in a forword converter with the input electroritic capacitor-less power factor correction. Additionally, the forword converter of the output abut 200W was operated by the critical mode control, the discontinuous mode control, and the continuous mode control method and each comparison examination was confirmed by the experiment. 591 We have studied spotting recognition of human gestures from time-varying images. This paper proposes a feature extraction method and a spotting method. The feature extraction is to reduce an each frame of motion image into a frame image of small size such as 3×3 pixels. We showed that the feature with 3×3 was the best one to give robust characteristics to the changes of cloth and background. The spotting recognition rate was about 80% for 8 gesture categories. A new spotting method called Non-monotonic Continuous DP is proposed for spotting gestures and their variations such as reverse, partial and stop motions. We showed the effectiveness of the new spotting method. 592 This paper proposes a new method for location identification of mobile robot by applying Non-monotonic Continuous Dynamic Programming. This method uses time-varying images as standard patten and does not require markers for location identification. Non-monotonic CDP detects the similar section framesynchronously when the adjustment degree between arbitrary reference interval and arbitrary input interval becomes high. We used a sequence of time-varying images for standard pattern which had been recorded at first walk with the video-camera on the mobile robot, and the robot's location can be identified when the mobile robot comes to the same section as a part of standard pattern. The experimental results show that it is possible to detect the similar sections in arbitrary reference sequence and arbitrary input sequence of time-varying images, and that Non-monotonic CDP is applicable to the location detection of a mobile robot. 593 Recently, an increasingly requirement is to communicate real-time information such as video and audio in computer network. In this communication, the guarantee of QoS (Quality of Service) is needed because of the communication quality. Even if the network control scheme guarantee the communication quality, the application can not guarantee the its quality without correspondence of terminal. So, QoS must guarantee between the end-to-end. In this paper, I report a resource reservation scheme for terminal that realize the guarantee of QoS. 594 In the extraction and ranking of keywords, the tf**idf model has been the most common approach researchers adopt. This model, however, uses only word frequency and neglects other features relevant to determine whether a word is a keyword. To incorporate these other features, we disigned a probabilistic model as an expantion of the tf**idf model and confirmed its validity by conducting a test using a text corpus. 595 Current technique to represent parameterized HDL description for parameterizable circuits is poor so that only regular structure circuit is implemented as a parameterized HDL.In this paper, we propose a novel technique such that a dehavior to generate a constant table from parameter values is described in HDL description. This technique enables us to represent a circuit with irregular structure as a parameterized HDL.With this technique, we could create a parameterized HDL for Read-Solomon Error Correcting circuit applicable to many consumer products. 596 This paper describes a system for preparing simple line-drawing animation using a disply integrated tablet and a pen Inputting snapshots of animation by drawing, indicating movement of animated objects by pen and automatically producing intemediate frames between two frames are expected to enable everyone to prepare animation visually and interactively. In general there are two methods of making animation. Therefore, the system provides the user with menus to select or combine the both methods to prepare animation. This paper also presents an algorithm to make intermediate frames between two frames automatically. Finally, it describes briefly the design issues to incorporate the animation prepared with this sistem into presentation. 597 Technical drawings of mechanical parts are still important in design process even with 3-D CAD systems. Most of studies on automatic 3-D solid model generation from orthographical views, however, generates geometries in the order of vertices, edges, faces and solids assuming geometrically strict orthographical views. Therefore, they cannot process technical drawings with generally used practical abbreviations. This paper points out that abbreviations in technical drawings preserve geometric information about faces necessary for manufacturing process but not necessarily about vertices or edges. A new method of 3-D solid model generation based on surface information extraction is proposed and applied to some technical drawings with typical abbreviations to confirm its effectiveness. 598 This paper proposes a non-linear transformation model for integrating lateral inhibition and light, dark adaptation mechanisms. The transformation has the features ; (a) it gives scale invariant graphical feature on the wide range of input stimuli, (b) it adjusts a non-linear S-potential response to quasi-linear response, and (c) it integrates a local and a global phenomena of physiological process in adaptation and feature extraction. This paper gives practical algorithms for gray image enhancement and scale invariant edge evaluation. Experimental results and discussions are also included in this report. 599 We propose a new algorithm for model-based recognition for curved 3D objecjt. A geometric object model is compred with 3D boundaries which are generated with segment-based stereo vision. The algorithm consists of two phases, "initial matching" and "fine adjustment". In the initial matching phase, by use of local geometric structures of the boundaries, the candidates of recognition results are generated. In the fine adjustment phase, the candidates are verified and adjusted using the boundary shape derived from the model. The effectiveness of the algorithm is demonstrated by the experimental results. 600 It is a very important problem, from both theoretical and practical point of view, to realize a secure and simple ID-based non-interactive key sharing scheme (ID-NIKS). First, in this paper, we show some necessary conditions for realizing a secure NIKS.Them, we prpose a new NIKS that is computationally secure, and show that this scheme satiafies the secure conditions. 601 This paper introduces the advanced digital modulation technique applied to SNG (Satellite News Gathering). DL (Double Layered)-MOK, which is the name of newly developed modulation technique, is a kind of 8PSK modulation, and MOK (Modified Offset Keyed)-QPSK modulation is applied to it. Using DL-MOK modulation is able to send more bit rates of information with the same bandwidth and the same spectrum than using MOK-QPSK. 602 In this study, we fabricated microdisk injection lasers using 1.55μm GaInAsP, InP compressive-strained quantum-well wafer and obtained lasing operation in 3-μm-diameter devices with threshold current of 0.9mA.The diameter dependence of threshold current showed that the surface recombination limited the threshold reduction. Resonant modes observed well coincided with theoretical whispering gallery modes. The mode volume of the 3-μm device was estimated to be 0.8μm^3. This seems to be the smallest among those of ever reported various microcavity lasers. By reducing the volume to 0.2μm^3 and suppressing the surface recombination, the thresholdless lasing operation will be possible. 603 Here we propose the "conditional polynomial" which is specified with some given conditions. By specifying x, y coordinates of points passed through, we can control the shape of the polynomail curve very intuitively. So it is specially useful for linearization of non-linear input-output function, and also for color image gamma correction and active color control. 604 Our purpose is to develop a system that encourage collaborative concept formation through daily creative conversations in research work and several economical activities. This paper proposes a method of sharing participants' viewpoints or interests in conversations using our discussion support system called AIDE.AIDE offers users a shared space by structuring and visualizing the relationships among statements given on a chat system. Users can personalize the shared space by duplicating and modifying it with their own viewpoints. Our method can extract the viewpoints and visualizes the relationships among them for facilitating collaborative concept formation and knowledge sharing. 605 A statistical language modeling using N-gram has been widely used for continuous speech recognition. However, N-gram can constraints only local word sequences within N words. We proposed a lauguage modeling to detect of error candidates constrainted by N-gram. The proposed modeling detect error candidates by taking more wide view of recognition candidates than N-gram modeling. In the proposed method, the error candidates are detected by using (1)semantic distance between a word in recognition results and a word in training data and (2)the complexity of construction for recognition results. As a result of evaluation, the proposed method is effective to detect error candidates even if in processing of recognition. 606 We designed the Breathing Wall used in a natural ventilation system which was proposed, from the view point of thermal insulation and internal condensation prevention considering outdoor wind velocity. It was concluded that the wall is 60 mm-thick and has 10 airlayers between perforated aluminum foil sheets, of which the innermost sheet has hole diameter, spacing of 1mm/23mm and the other sheets have hole diameter/spacing of of 0.25mm/1mm. 607 We carried out a mockup experiment on a natural ventilation system using a pitched roof with Breathing Walls in the artificial climate test room, which reproduces winter night climate condition of Tokyo. It is concluded as follows : 1) the system provides enough amount of ventilation equivalent to 0.26 times, h air changes of an actual residential house when outdoor wind velocity is 3 m/s, 2) air temperature rises 11.2°C higher than outdoor temperature due to 77 W/m^2 of heat recovery while passing through the wall when 19.1 m^3/h m^2 of air infiltration, and 3) no internal condensation exists whenever 10 m/s wind velocity. 608 Two methods to extract moving target region from a series of images are presented. Pixel value distributions for both a target object and a background region are estimated for each pixel with roughly extracted moving regions. Using the distributions, stable target extraction can be performed. In the first method, the distributions are approximated with beta distribution functions and the probability where a pixel is occupied with the target object is calculated. In the second method, a MRF model is applied to perform region segmentation on regularized input images using the estimated pixel value distribution. The texture parameters for the target object region can be calculated from the estimated pixel value distribution. Experimental results of these two methods using hand motion images are presented. 609 We propose a method for computing a power of a large integer under a composite modulus n. We construct the residue modulo n from the two residues modulo n-1 and n-2, respectively. The key idea of the proposed method is that the latter two residues are derived relatively faster by the use of Chinese remaindering. An application to enciphering and deciphering in RSA systems is one among many. 610 We have proposed Inter-Track Orthogonal Coding (ITOC), for digital magnetic recording, that excludes crosstalk by orthogonalization between neighboring tracks. It could improve the track density, but it had problems of decrease in linear density. Then we studied some improved methods with higher coding rates basing on a Dispersing Write and Collective Reading (DWCR) system. It was found that the ITOC with a parallel combined spread spectrum communication method was a hopeful system. Furthemore, a simplified coding, decoding method for the system was proposed. 611 Radiation power measurement method of hand-held terminals was proposed for the random field measurement under indoor facility, which uses a compact shield box. To test the radiated power measurement using compact shield box, λ, 4 and 3λ/4 monopole antennas are used for the test device, and we verified effect of this measurement method. To simulate the radiated power measurement of hand-held terminals, monopole antenna mounted on different sized conducting boxes are used for the test device, and we verify very small power deviation by this measurement procedure. 612 For flexible handling of video images, it is important to structure video information according to its content. We are focusing on natural language descriptions of such video contents that can be extracted during the process of video production and proposed an indexing, structuring method based on the scene description. This report presents an experiment of a temporal segmentation function that can help users describe the video contents by natural language. This function divides a continuous video sequence into a series of segments based on changes of subjects in video frames and camera-work. The users can refer the extracted segments as a guide for a video annotation. We also introduce an experimental video editing system that utilizes the natural language content description. Users of the system can retrieve video materials by natural language scene descriptions. Using a script which consists of the same natural language scene descriptions, also they can elaborate a composition of a video program. 613 In order to extract the emotional elements which contribute to human impression from images, it is important to consider on which part of the image the person pays attention. There are images that we get impression as a whole, or, we get impression from limited parts. To cope with the fact and to extract the emotional elements from the image accurately, it is necessary to choose the adequate way which corresponds to the image from the plural ways.Here, we studied plural ways induce impression words based on the colors extracted from the image, aiming at adding impression keywords to the images, and evaluated them. 614 Student model plays an important role in intelligent educational systems. In the research field of Intelligent Computer based Training (ICBT), however, there is little result about how the trainee's thinking process should be captured. The reason of this is that we don't have sophisticated principle for ICBT design.In this paper, first, we explain the design principle of ICBT and discuss a framework for student modeling based on the explicit description of scenario-author's intentions. Second, we will sketch out the ontology of the author's intention as a framework to extract it from the scenario-author. 615 To check the presence of key-objects in video data, needed to perform image queries, we present a novel approach based on part-representation. A "part" is defined as a group of colors that spatially overlap each other. This definition makes it possible to extract parts even if they have many colors. Moreover, we present a stable representation of spatially related parts called "neighboring histogram". It is robust against unstable part extraction. Experimental results show that the proposed method can check for the presence of a key-object without needing to determine its location or size. 616 We examined a time shift multiple access of the chirp spread spectrum (SS) system. For this system, we developed the chirp SS DPSK modulator and demodulator using SAW devices. The modulator prepares the high speed chirp signals which have 100MHz frequency bandwidth swept in every data duration of 1.5μsec using a SAW dispersive delay line, and which have additional DPSK modulation depending upon data. The demodulator demodulates data using a SAW matched filter. On this system we have examined time shift multiple access of these chirp SS signals. These multiplex chirp signals are produced by the additional pulse series supplemented upon the trigger pulse series of the chirp SS mudulator. When using a Hamming window to get good correlation characteristics at the demodulator, it is possible to make 42 multiple accesses theoretically, and we have confirmed 20 multiplex accesses experimentaly. We have measured the bit error rate up to 9 multiplexing. In the case of one chirp signal, the bit error rate degrades 2dB from the theoretical level, and the degradation of multiplexing up to 9 was only 1dB. 617 This paper describes implementation of electronic anthentication system, which authenticate homepage in the Internet, using X.500 Directory in public key management. Two indispensable function in this system is pointed. One is public key management function to registrate, delete and search public key. Another is the function to verify signature downloaded from hompage. To implement the former, we make general Directory interface in WWW browser combined with key generation function and signature verification function. To implement the latter, we make helper application in WWW browser which executes the process to verify signature and the one to get attribute values concerned with public key from X.500 Directory. 618 In this paper, we propose a camera system which translates Japanese texts in a scene. The system consists of four componets : digital camera, character image extraction process, character recognition process, and translation process. The system extracts character strings from a region which a user specifies, and translates them into English. 619 This paper is discribed the Immunity evaluation system to analyze a malfunction distribution of PCBs by a local electro static discharge. A malfunction distribution is displayed on a picture of PCBs by 6 phased color and a voltage and malfunction discrimination code. It can detect a malfunction place being efficient by changing an electric discharge range. Incase of an experimental PCBs, reset patterns of CPU were detected as a place to be able easily to do a malfunction. 620 The new multibeam former (MBF) discussed here consists of multiple beamformers with fixed array weights which generate a cluster of adjacent beams, and it has a single set of variable phase shifters at the common element port of the fixed beamformers. The phase shifting compensates the antenna pointing error caused by satellite attitude error and by mechanical alignment error. This nonmechanical pointing control is advantageous for large size satellite antennas because mechanical methods such as reflector displacement require that increases satellite mass excessively. Furthermore, the number of phase shifters in this MBF is equal to the number N of radiation elements, and is independent on the number of beams, whereas a conventional MBF needs to have M×N phase shifters in order to form M steerable beams with N elements. Fewer phase shifters result in less mass and lower electrical power consumption for the pointing control. 621 In recent years, to construct a shopping-mall on the WWW (World-Wide-Web) has become popular, with diffusion of the Internet. It is noticed to utilize the characteristics of WWW for marketing. With utilizing WWW for the marketing, it is possible to understand user's taste and to recommend suitable goods.In this paper, I propose a system based on "interactive marketing model". I describe the method to classify goods accoding to user's access, and the method to control the user's information with keeping user's privacy. 622 Providing user guidance is a key component of WWW search services. Some search services are providing guidance through relevance feedback oe data mining. These systems, however, are gatting increasingly complex as new functions are added. In this paper, we examine a simple approach based on anonymous monitoring of user search behavior. User behavior information is collected and presented to users as a recommended relevant keyword list. This method was tested on an actual WWW search service. It was found that, as a result of the relevant keyword list, the percentage of queries using the AND operation increased from 6% to 18%. 623 This paper proposes the self rearranging multistage large ATM switch architecture. This proposed switches can perform as the non-blocking switch. This switch architecture is based on cros-switch network with self rearrange mechanism. Conventional non-blocking cros-switch network, 2nd stage switch must be speeded. In addition, routing must be consider 1st and 2nd and 3rd stage buffers. Especially it is quite complicated to select switch route between 1st and 3rd switch. With the proposed switch architecture, internal speed up and call admitting judgment for 2nd stage switch is not necessary. Then we can realize non-blocking switch simple hardwere. This switch architecture can be applied to Tb, s ATM switch. 624 Nowadays multiparty communications are rapidly catching on over the Internet ; multiple users join one session and do releconference and so forth. For them to do real-time communications in a satisfactory manner with finite resouces, however, it is essential to be able to control the Quality of Service (QoS). In this paper, we propose several admission control algorithms where each user makes bids for the streams he wants to receive, and the network makes as optimal allocations as possible under the given topology. And also we evaluate these algorithms with computer simulation and compare them from various viewpoints. Then, we extend the network model to where there are multiple information sources, and discuss the problem there and the solutions to cope with it. 625 Some bio-functional peptides were obtained by the digestion of zein useing several proteases. A potent inhibitor of Ca^<2+>, calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase was purified from a peptic digest of zein. The themolytic peptides of zein suppressed the elevation of blood pressure in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). DNA polymerase alfa-inhibitory fraction was also partially purified from thirmolytic digest. Moreover, proleather treated zein increased the survival rate of SHRSP. 626 This paper explains the structure of Field Simulator which can reproduce propagation characteristics of outdoor environment, such as Rayleigh distribution and Rician distribution. We calculate field strength distribution, cross-polarization discrimination and fading distribution inside field simulator using Ray Tracing. We also show that field simulator has low correlation coefficient between measurement points in large area for installing portable phone. Aa s result, we find that the system of field simulator can be valid in the estimation of hand-held terminal. 627 One bit pattern of the parallel type giant magnetoresistive random access memory has been fabricated by photolithography and lift off technique. Magnetoresistance (MR) originated in the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) mechanism is observed in the configuration consisting of two crossing lead wires in between the GMR element is placed. However, MR ratio decreases significantly compared with as grown film state. Resistance of the lead wire and interface contact, or "shunt" current at the cross over point of upper and lower lead lines are considered as the reason of the MR reduction. In case of preparing small enough size element for memory application, insulating layers which partly cover the GMR element and lead wire is necessary to obtain in-plane current causing GMR effectively. 628 InGaP, GaAs/InGaP/InGaAs/GaAs sub. HFET structures are evaluated nondestructively by spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The sensitivity of SE pattern to layer thickness is studied for every layer of the structure and then the sensitive wavelength range of the SE pattern is clarified for each layer. We tested layer-by-layer fitting under specific wavelength range. By comparing the layer thickness between fitting and cross-section transmission electron microscopy observation, we have found that the layer-by-layer fitting provides more precise evaluation than an overall fitting. It is also found that the simulation of the XRD pattern is useful for evaluating the composition of not only the InGaAs layer but also the InGaP layers. 629 Retrieval by menu is one of the most effective methods for users that don't always type by keyboard. However, it is difficult to make a menu from flow data through a network in real time. We suggest a method of clustering documents using classification patterns which consist of some pairs of a classification item and keywrods. In this method, (1)System connects words that appear frequently in the document and keywords in the classification patterns. (2)System makes a menu by selecting a suitable classification pattern using the priority based on 3 indexes (the number of distributed documents, the number of effective classification items and the distribution of documents). We evaluate the priority on a menu retrieval system using classification patterns, which consist of thesaurus, classification categories on Web pages, table of contents of some books and categories on newspapers. 630 A punctured convolutional coded PR4ML system for digital magnetic recording applying a punctured method to the convolutional code and recording the punctured code sequences on two tracks is proposed. In this paper, the error rate performance of the proposed system is obtained by computer simulation taking account of the partial erasure which is one of nonlinear distortions at high densities and it is compared with that of a conventional I-NRZI coded PR4ML system. The results show that the proposed system is hardly affected by partial erasure and keeps good performance in high density recoding. A bit error rate of 10^<-4> can be achieved with a SNR of about 8.8dB less than a conventional system at a normalized liner density of 3. 631 The quasi-optical antenna mixer system transforms the RF signal and the local oscillator's signal (LO) into the intermediate frequency signal as soon as the system receives the RF and the LO spatially. In the report, we propose a novel receiving system with the multi-element quasi-optical antenna-mixer. The arrival direction of the RF signal can be controlled by the system without RF circuits such as phase shifters in the phased array. Therefore, not only losses in RF circuits are reduced but also the system is designed easily because of its simple structure. We made this system in the microwave band, and verified that experimental results agree with analytical ones very much. 632 A new synchronization system for spreading sequence frames of a CDMA system is proposed. To reduce the influential noise power disturbing the detection to the half times, the transmitting frame format is composed so that the in-phase and the orthogonal-phase waveforms of the spreading sequence are alternately arranged. To cancel an incoming frame noise by another frame, differential frames which are made by adding or subtracting of two neighboring frames are used for detecting the frame slots. The system performance is evaluated by the computer simulation. 633 In continuous speech recognition featuring hidden Markov (HMM), word N-gram and time-synchronous beam search, a local modeling mismatch in the HMM often causes recognition performance to degrade. To cope with such local modeling mismatches, this paper proposed a method of restructuring Gaussian mixture pdfs in a speaker-independent HMM based on speech samples. In this method, mixture components are copied and shared among multiple mixture pdfs, with taking into account the tendency of local errors given by comparing a pre-trained HMM and speech samples. Experimental results have proven that the proposed method can effectively restore local modeling mismatches and improve the recognition performance. 634 It is key technology to identify whether a vehicle is an ETC vehicle or not in the Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) gate. We have proposed a vehicle identification system which has a directional finder and 2 vehicle detectors. The bread board system has been developed and evaluated in the field. It become clear that the system was effctive for the identification. For the directional finder, evaluation tests on multipath and shadowing were enforced. We were able to confirm that the scattering had little influence on the vehicle identification system. 635 Two strains of mutant sikworm, og and oq, have translucent skin because of low activity of xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH). We analyzed these mutants with Northern hybridization. Silkworm has two XDH genes (BmXDH1 and BmXDH2) and we synthesized a probe for each gene by PCR.In normal silkworm strain, C108, mRNAs of both genes are accumulated in fat body and malpigian tubes and not in silk gland. The quantity of BmXDH1 mRNA is less in the fat body of oq mutant than in those of other silkworms. BmXDH2 mRNA is accumulated in oq mutant. 636 Conventional LPC synthesizers have an advantage in flexibility of controlling speech spectrum and in memory size for synthesis units, but do not have a good speech quality. This paper proposes a new residue excited LPC synthesizer with a high speech quality and a new method for automatically generating speech synthesis units. The LPC synthesis filter and its excitation are derived from the synthesis units by LPC analysis. 637 This paper presents a recognition method for handwritten Chinese characters using displacement extraction based on directional features. In the proposed method, after extracting the features from an input image, the displacement is extracted based on them by the minimization of an energy functional, which consists of the Euclidean distance and the smoothness of the extracted displacement. By performing the computer experiment using a set of handwritten Chinese characters (ETL-8B), the improvement of the recognition performance by the proposed method is achieved as compared with the method without the displacement extraction. 638 This paper presents a method to separate sound waves generated by multiple sources from their mixture observed by multiple receivers. In this study, the numbers of sources and receivers are assumed to be M and (M+1). The proposed method is based on a least-mean-square method in which new criteria are introduced. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method. 639 This paper describes a thesaurus-based class n-gram model of natural language for speech recognition. The model was applied to the problem of how to generate test sentences for psychoacoustical experiments. One of the methods to test the hearing ability of human beings is the use of test sentences which are meaningless but grammatically accepted. The model was able to generate more suitable test sentences than the conventional word n-gram model. The new model was also applied to the linguistic processing of news speech recognition. It was used as the smoothing method for the word n-gram model and achieved the lower perplexity than the conventional back-off smoothing method for 53 news transcription senteces. 640 As a novel synthesis route of high Mw bisphenol-A type polycarbonate, polymerization of macrocyclic oligocarbonate was reported by Brunelle et al. in 1991. However the key ring size of oligomer has not been published. We polymerized the isolated cyclic dimer, trimer and tetramer (c-2, 3, 4mer) and compared the polymerization and property of polymer afforded.The c-2mer and c-3mer were converted completely in 40 min at 300°C, but partly c-4mer was still remained. The c-4mer gave a high Mw (848,000) polymer that was higher than Mw of the polymers from c-2mer and 3mer (178,000 and 277,000). At 350°C reaction, the products colored brown and included insoluble part in chloroform. In c-4mer, elongation of reaction time at 300°C achieved complete conversion but also afforded partially insoluble product. 641 Although polyimides have been widely investigated, the one of disadvantages of these polymers is that these are insoluble in common solvents. In this study, the author has investigated the synthesis and properties of soluble polyimides containing long chain alkyl substituted benzophenone unit. The diamine monomers containing long chain alkyl group were obtained from 3, 5-dinitrobenzoyl chloride and alkyl benzenes having 9-14 carbon atoms. The soluble polyimides were obtained from these diamines and tetracarboxilic dianhydride such as BTDA, and were found to have good thermal stability and solubility in common solvents. The UV radiation on these polyimide films caused the remarkable changes of surface energies. 642 We have reported homogeneous organic-inorganic polymer hybrids of silica and organic polymers having hydrogen bond acceptors such as poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline)(PMeOZO). On the other hand, hydrophobic poly(2-phenyl-2-oxazoline)(PPhOZO) could not give transparent polymer hybrids. In this paper, we synthesized homogeneous polymer hybrids of an amphiphilic block copolymer (1) of PPhOZO and PMeOZO.The sol-gel reaction was also performed with a mixture of PPhOZO and PMeOZO in the same ratio as that in 1. It was found that heterogeneous hybrids were obtained when a smaller amount of the mixture was employed in the sol-gel reaction than that of 1. These results show that the hydrophobic PPhOZO segment was homogeneously dispersed in the silica gel by the covalent linkage with PMeOZO segments. These novel hybrids containing the amphiphilic block copolymer are expected to have an unique assembled structure of organic domains in silica matrix. 643 We investigated the synthesis of molecular-level organic-inorganic polymer hybrids by the sol-gel reaction of alkoxysilanes. It was also confirmed that simultaneous radical polymerization of styrene in the sol-gel reaction of tetramethoxysilane produced homogeneous polystyrene and silica hybrids. Here we reort the synthesis of IPN type polystyrene gel, silica gel polymer hybrids utilizing the in-situ polymerization method. Polymer hybrids were prepared by heating the mixture of styrene monomer (St), divinylbenzene (DVB), tetramethoxysilane and AIBN in the presence of acid catalyst at 60°C under nitrogen. The obtained polymer hybrids were homogeneous even with 20 wt % of DVB to St. It was assumed that the polymerization and crosslinking reaction occurred simultaneously as the sol-gel reaction proceeded to form a silica gel. Therefore, the aggregation of polystyrene gel was suppressed to afford homogeneous polymer hybrids. 644 Sol-gel method is useful to prepare inorganic glass at low temperature. It makes possible to synthesize new materials in which organic and inorganic compounds are mixed at molecular level. On the other hand, polyacrylonitrile is one of the commodity polymers and is known as a precursor for carbon fiber. Here, polyacrylonitrile-silica gel polymer hibrids were prepared by the so-called in-situ polymerization method. Tetramethoxysilane, acrylonitrile, and azobisisobutyronitrile (as a radical initiator) were dissolved in acetone, and 0.1N HCl was added as an acid catalyst for sol-gel reaction. the resulting mixture was stirred for 5 hours at room temperature under nitrogen and then heated at 60°C to proceed sol-gel reaction and radical polymerization of acrylonitrile. The hybrids obtained were homogeneous and transparent. The content of polyacrylonitrile in the hybrids was estimated by thermogravimetric analysis. 645 A polymer-dispersedliquid crystals (PDLC) provides novel display devices which take advantages of the scattering mode. It has been known that the photocontrol of in-plane liquid crystal alignment is achieved by linearly polarized light (LPL) irradiation of azobenzene polymer thin films. In the present study, we investigated the photocontrol of liquid crystal alignment in PDLC containing azobenzene chromophores. PDLC cells were fabricated by heating of mictures of an azobenzene monoacrylate monomer, a diacrylate and a nematic liquid crystal which was sandwiched between two silica paltes. Dichroic absorption of azobenzene chromophores and birefringence were observed when 436 nm-LPL was irradiated because of the anistropic orientation of both azobenzene chromophores and liquid crystals. Properties of this type of photosensitive PDLC was also discussed. 646 We propose a method to display tactile feeling in the process of sliding motion by respective stimulation to four kinds of mechanical receptors using elastic transfer property of the skin. The system is composed of four magnet tips attached on the skin and driven by four coils. The two driving modes : common phase and reversed phase modes stimulate the deep receptors and shallow receptors, respectively. We will show the theory of the display and the experimental results. 647 To remove endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides : LPS) from cell products used as drugs, water-insoluble poly (e-lysine) particles were prepared with poly (e-lysine) originating from Streptomyces albulus and epichlorohydrin. The particles prepared with 16.7 - 33.3 mol% of epichlorohydrin showed high LPS-adsorbing activity (99.9%) at an ionic strength of m = 0.05 and pH 7.0. This high adsorbing activity of the particles is due to the both cationic properties of lysine residues and hydrophobic properties of epicholorohydrin. 648 It is difficult for non-professional users to make 3 dimensional computer graphics (3D CG) animation because that modeling tasks for 3D CG objects and motions are much time consuming. This paper describes a new 3D CG animation tool, which users can easily make 3D CG animation using musical information. The new animation tool (Music Driven CG) uses VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language) data for 3D CG objects instead of modeling and generates the real-time 3D CG animation by MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface). Using GUI, users can choreograph and edit the motions of 3D CG parts interactively. These choreography results are stored as VRML files and can be distributed on the Internet. 649 To reduce traffic of HTTP and to access World Wide Web over firewalls, proxy cache http servers becomes to be applied widely on the Internet. However, the access controlled traffic of HTTP cannot be cached, and cannot prevent violations of security-such as eavesdropping and forging.In this paper, we propose the HTTP, SAE(HTTP with Simple Authentication Extension), cacheable authentication method, which uses cryptography. And we show HTTP/SAE can be cached, safe from eavesdropping and forging. 650 This paper describes a new method for seamiessly integrating computer generated objects into a real scene. Unlike in other methods, object images are automatically synthesized based on a real illumination distribution in our method. First, a illumination distribution in the real scene is determined from two omni-directional images of the scene. Then, the measured illumination distribution is used to render computer generated objects located in the scene. The proposed method produces convincing images even for a complex illumination distribution where other methods often fail. We implemented and tested the proposed method by using real images to show its effectiveness. 651 A conventional ultrasonic flowmeter is tend to largely affected by the change of velocity profile due to the transition from laminar to turbulent flow or upstream pipe fittings, as the flowmeter principle is measuring the average velocity along the ultrasonic beam pass between the two transducers which locate upstream and downstream of the flowmeter duct. The paper shows possibility to solve the problem by applying wide beam for the flowmeter. The results of velocity profile measurments of flowmeter ducts by LDA and numerical simulation of acoustic propagation in flowmeter ducts are also presented. 652 In order to consider applicable possibility to block cipher iterating function of Cellular Automata (CA) from the viewpoint of security evaluation for linear cryptanalysis and differential cryptanalysis, we carried spare numerical experiment. The valuation object is the rule of 256 pieces all of 1-dimension 2-states 3-neighbors'CA and some rules of 1-dimension 2-states 5-neighbors'CA.We calculated linear characteristic probability and differential characteristic probability to these rules in the case of 8 bit input 8 bit outputs. Moreover, we calculated Hamming distance and Hamming weight at the time when 1 block (64bit) was managed with CA many steps. As a result, we clarified that the rule within 1-dimension 2-states 3-neighbors'CA whose intensity is relatively higher is almost equivalent to class 3 of Wolfram' classification. Moreover, when a number of the neighbor was made to increase, intensity tended to rise. And, we showed same structural examples of block cipher which turns these rules into a iterating function. 653 This paper introduces a method for restoring faxed document images that is based upon micro patterns. The method proposed here consists of two steps : restoration of faxed images with the gray scale representation that appears when half tone mode input is selected, and elimination of high dense salt and pepper noise caused by inappropriate threshold setting. These step enable effective restoration of degraded faxed document images. An experiment using data collected by practical FAX based OCR systems was conducted, and the effectiveness of the method has been confirmed. 654 This paper presents an approach for information retrieval by similarity among concepts. We represent a concept of a topic as a group of Japanese words expressed the topic properly. We suppose a degree of similarity between concepts as a degree of literal similarity of their elements because each kanji character has a meaning by itself. This paper also presents contents retrieval in a document using the table of contents. We get a concept from the title and the hierarchy because they express the content properly very much. 655 With recent complicated and high-performance integrated circuits, it becomes more and more indispensable to test delay faults. Delay faults are faults that prevent the circuits from working correctly at specified clock rates. One of the most serious problems is to select which paths are to be tested. In this paper, we propose a new path selection method that considers the differences between calculated delays and real delays. In addition, we discuss the relation among the number of selected paths, the diefferences, and specified clock rates. 656 We can use IP multicast to communicate with multi-host simulteniously. There is MBone on internet. The MBone is virtual multicast network to experiment with IP multicast functions. Dial-up connection is increased according to populate internet users. We experiment on offering IP multicast service to dial-up users. We implemeted session directory service on a WWW server with a dial-up server and converter from IP multicast to unicast. We used these tools. In this paper, we descibe our experimentation and consider IP multicast on dial-up connection. 657 If supposing that there is only one which corressponds to the mathemuitcs in the cipher technique, there seems to be a cipher having to do with algebra, a cyher life several, an anclysing cipher, As for the cipher life several of a lot of oiphers having to do with algebra make RSA conpany a representaitine and are contrived., recently a fractal cipher was contrived. Contrived there fore, on the other hand, the analysing cipher contrives the possibility of analysing cipher. 658 A method for extracting intervals displaying facial expression is proposed. For each facial expresson, a temporal sequence is modeled by a hidden Markov model with states corresponding to a different muscle condition. A probability assigned to the state is updated using a feature vector obtained from an image processing of each frame. The probability of the state in which the muscle has ended contraction is used to determine the interval of facial expression. The experiments on a workstation showed good results for extractions of six different expressons in real-time. 659 Optical fibers have been made from optical glasses with different transformation temperatures and index reductions caused by rapid cooling. It is shown that the index difference between the core and cladding can be partly decreased and increased by local heat treatment. The mode field is expanded by the heat treatment at a low temperature because of the reduced index difference. The mode field is shrinked by tapering and rapid cooling from a hight trmperature owing to the increased index difference at the taper. 660 In micro cell systems, locating base stations in high places can enlarge communicable areas. However, co-channel interference (CCI) from the surrounding base stations also reaches the base stations. It is well-known that adaptive array antenns can effectively suppress CCI.In this paper, we proposed a novel adaptive beamforming base station which can be used in TDMA radio communication systems. The proposed base station comprises two sets of transceivers. One of the transceivers nullifies a CCI by controlling its radiation pattern adaptively and works at a time slot. The other transceiver nullifies another CCI and works at a different time slot from the former one. As the results, it is confirmed that the proposed base station can make an omni-directional area with reducing CCI and can achieve about 1.4 times larger communicable area than that of a base station with omni-directional antenna. 661 We are developing a help desk system to which we applied case based retrieval. To respond to a call from a customer as speedy as possible, we propose the method to input keyword by clickking a keyword button placed on the plan using a mouse. The plan includes that of an equipment, a system flowchart, or a functional diagram. Visual retrieval on the plan is also available. For the purpose of smooth response to a customer, we also describe form, adapted to customer's question, of a case and a index of the case. We separate complaint cases from question cases. Referring one to another is allowed at any time. 662 Recently, studies and developments of Collision Warning System (CWS) have been watching. Major specifications of CWS are maximum detection range, detection width and range accuracy. Focusing of maximum detection range and detection width, they depend on Radar Cross Section (RCS) of targets. RCS data of each targets should be known to develop CWS.In this study, authors measured RCS of medium size truck and passenger car at 60GHz in the open field. As a result of this measurement, it is found that RCS of passengers car is from 3dBm^2 to 20dBm^2 and RCS of medium size truck is 7dBm^2 to 37dBm^2. 663 This paper describes a song retrieval system by melody. In most of previous works, pitch information was mainly used as search clue while span information was not used effectively. But span information must be effective clue originally. In this paper, the authors use the distribution of the interval and span information of all notes in database for extracting the search clue. In this method, span information is able to be used as effective as interval, and the answer accuracy of the system was improved. 664 In this paper we propose how to embed a watermark secretly into audio codes under Conjugate Structure Algebraic CELP.When 5ms-speech sample sample is coded, four positions of pulse of the sample are selected from the default parameters of the codebook in the G.729 specification. We try to control this selection according to a bit of the watermark. This scheme brings us a convert channel for secret commumication. The amount of the watermark is estimated with one or two hundred bits per second in 8kbit, s CS-ACELP system. 665 There are two principal methods of snow melting for railway use. One is watering method using sprinklers. The other is panel-heater method using an indirect exchange of heat energy. However, there are some problems in these methods. For example, the resource of water is limited, so it is difficult to use sprinklers because it consume very much water and energy. In addition, usually the running cost of these methods is high. We propose application of the nozzle for road watering to sprinkle track slab. If this method is applied to the viaduct equipped with snow storage system, it will reduce the water consumption in snow-melting of Joetu Shinkansen to the extent of 1, 3 and save the cost of snow-melting. 666 With the enormous spread of the commercial Internet services, traffic flowing over the Internet is rapidly increasing. However, the performance of IP routersis becoming a bottleneck for high-speed networking. Therefore the development of high-speed and high-capacity IP-routers is a key issue for futher Internet growth.This paper describes a new approach for developing high-speed and high-capacity IP routers, which is based on multistage networks. 667 In this paper, we propose a novel method of arbitrarily focused disparity image generation using multiple defferently focused images. Based on the assumption that depth of the scene changes stepwise, we derive a formula for reconstruction between the desired arbitratily focused disparity image and multiple acquired images ; we can reconstruct the arbitrarily focused disparity image by iterative use of the formula. We show we can reconstruct arbitrarily focused disparity images for natural scenes. Our method needs only PSFs of acquired images for reconstruction and we do not need any spatial segmentation. 668 We developed the Hybrid Media Server system as a prototype to aim at getting inexpensive systems which have huge capacity of storage for multimedia data. The Hybrid Media Server system, which can deliver multimedia data such as a video to each client on demand, utilizes MO (Magneto-Optical disk) library devices. The system enable us to make open filesystems onto the MO library devices. Also the system realized a function which is to hide delay time of exchange of MO in the MO library devices in appearance. 669 Hand gestures and eye gaze play important roles in inter-personal communication. This paper presents an interface that is operated by feet, and frees hands and gaze from locomotion task. With the proposed interface, users can move within the cyberspace by simply shift their body on the disc in the direction they want to go. This paper also presents several findings through the experimental use of the interface, including the noise generated when users step on the disc to change the direction to go. 670 Microstrip lines have been widely used as basic components of microwave integrated circuits. When the frequency becomes higher, the wave velocity is no longer independent of frequency. This phenomenon is known as the dispersion property and should be considered in practice.We have developed a new method for evaluating the effective dielectric constant by measuring the propagating voltage waveform's attenuation constant and phase constant along a microstrip line using an electro-optic(E-O) probing system. Using this technique, we have measured the effective dielectric constant of PTFE and BT-resin. 671 This paper shows in cross certification the link methods between a CA certificate and the certificate in the cross certificaion pair, the "bidirectionism" in the certificate chain validation, the validity period of the certificate, and the revocation of the certificate. In the link methods, the utilization of the certificate fields of subject and subject Public-Key Info. In the certificate chain validation, It is requested not only the signature validation from the lower entity certificate to the upper entity one but also the policy constraints validation from the upper one to the lower. This paper also offers the idea of classification of certificate policies and object identifier assignment on those policies. 672 Contamination of various artifacts into EEG record often causes difficulties in EEG analysis, EEG interpretation and so on. This paper proposes a method for blink artifacts elimination from the EEG records. The proposed method by use of normalized averaging method can eliminate blink artifacts appropriately and will be used as a prominent tool for EEG recording. 673 This report discusses the digital watermark technology and its application. The application considered here is a content rating service, in a very similar way what PICS does to World Wide Web. The possible problem with the current PICS is that the rating labels are embedded in an HTML document which points an actual medium data. A user with some knowledge may easily break the correspondence between the label and data. The authors proposes a watermark application to ensure the firm "glueing" of a label to media data. 674 To retrieve the resources for Information Retrieval System, many resource gathering robots (robots) are running on the Internet. Generally, these robots determine the resource gathering order considering with the load of the servers that provide information. However, the method to determine and chenge the order of gathering dynamically according to the contents of resources is not established.In this paper, we describe about the method to realize the selective gathering of required resources by predicting and learning the resources that robot should be retrieve using the information that is contained in the retrieved resources. 675 In the process of segmentation of nonuniform target regions such as faces, it is necessary to flexibly find out features of them. This paper proposes an active region segmentation method based on pattern recognition using a layered neural network. The neural network is used to extract features of previously given sample patterns. During the segmentation, the neural network outputs suitability of the segmentation based on the features. Experimental results show that it is possible to segment some occluded parts associated with visible ones of target regions. Moreover, it is also possible to segment face regions by using the proposed method. 676 Influence of detergent addition to the interface structure of polymer blend such as PE, PEG or PP/PEG was investigated. As a result, it was found that various coarse structure was formed when the detergent was added. Even in the blend system that show flat interface structure in the case of detergent free examination. The technique may be applied to fabricate as a highly functional engineering plastics. 677 This paper proposes lossless image coding using Hadamard transform residue patterns. Hadamard transform residue patterns for N×N block of pixels are computed by dividing its coefficients by N×N.The proposed method improves coding efficiency by using the fact that the number of residue patterns is limited. The paper also proposes quasilossless coding by further limiting residue patterns. 678 In this paper we propose the concept of "Object Oriented Display", which enables an operator to perceive and to operate the virtual object as if it is real object. And in this paper we also describes design and implementation of three types of object oriented display, (i) The MEDIA-A (MEDIA-Ace), (ii) The MEDIA^3 (MEDIA-Cube) and (iii) The MEDIA X'tal (MEDIA-Crystal). The MEDIA-A consists of a LCD (liquid crystal display) and position sensor. The MEDIA^3 consists of position sensor and four LCDs which arranged in the shape of cubic body. The MEDIA X'tal is a type of object oriented display which uses optical projection. 679 Abstract We present a method for unencumbered tracking participants in a virtual environment using multiple cameras. The method consists of two main modules : preprocessing and 3D posture estimation. In the preprocessing step the 3D space (we call active space) is indexed in advance, and in the estimation step, the 3D positions of some significant points of the body of a participant, are obtained based on that indexed space. 680 There has been a great interest in controlling refractive indices of materials to produce the graded-index (GRIN) devices such as high-bandwidth GI-POF and GRIN lens. We have found that two-photon excitation of organic molecules induces large refractive index variation. In this presentation we discuss the effects of two-photon excitation on both refractive index variation and photochemical reaction. Refractive index variation in nitrone, PMMA films obtained by two-photon excitation were found to be more than 0.02. By analyzing the kinetics of photochemical reaction, we found that the refractive indices can be controlled by the irradiation time and incident light intensity. Two-photon excitation is promising as a novel and practical tool for controlling the refractive index of organic materials. 681 Absorption of dyes in visible wavelength shifts shorter wavelength induced photobleaching, because piconjugated length of these systems are shorten. Then we can observe refractive index variations accompanying with decrease of linear polarizability. Our objective of this research is to control photobleaching and apply to GRIN devices.In this study, we designed photobleachable nitrone derivatives using MOPAC-PM3 and ZINDO method. Nitrone derivative deped PMMA films were prepared by spin-coating. Electronic structural changes of nitrone derivative and refractive indices of films before and after the irradiation were evaluated by UV absorption spectra and m-line method, respectively.It was obtained that refractive indices decreased exponentially with time, and the change of these systems reached 1.8%, which was large enough to prepare GI-POF possessing 1% refractive index distributions. 682 Absorption of dyes in visible wavelength shifts shorter wavelength induced by photobleaching, beacause piconjugated length of these systems are shorten. Then we can observe refractive index variations accompanying with decrease of linear polarizability. Our objective of this research is to control properties of polymers.In this study, we synthesized copolymers containing photobleachable nitrone moieties as a pendant group. Chemical structures of these copolymers were confirmed by NMR.Polymer films were prepared by spin-coating. The optical properties of dye doped polymers were compared with copolymers. Electronic structural change and refractive indices of films before and after the irradiation were evaluated by UV absorption spectra and m-line method, respectively.λ_<max> of copolymers are shorter than that of doped polymers. Optical stability was improved by introduction of nitrone moiety into polymer side chain. Tg of a copolymer is 50°C higher than that of doped polymers. 683 We have indicated that refractive indices change continuously as a function of irradiation time.In this study, we observed refractive index distribution prepared by photobleaching against thickness of films. DMAPN (4-N-dimethylaminophenyl-α-phenylnitrone) in hexane solution was prepared, and UV light was irradiated to the solution. The change of λ_<max> as a function of irradiation time were measured by UV absorption spectra, and we observed the degree of extent of photobleaching depending on irradiation intensity.UV was irradiated to three superposed films prepared by spin-coating. Refractive indices of each film were measured before and after the UV irradiation by m-line method.Experimental rate equation was good agreement with the result solved by quasi steady state approximation. Superposed films showed quadratic refractive index distribution against the thickness of films. These results suggest that photochemical reaction is promising approach to fabricate GRIN devices. 684 We have reported contraction in the clectric field direction and bending of polyurethane films by an applied electric field. In this study, we investigated the relationship between bending piezoelectricity (inverse effect) and bending electostriction of polyurethane films and the structure of them. polyurethanes were composed of poly(3-methylpentamethylene adipate) (PMPA), p-phenylenediisocianate (PPDI), trimethylolpropane (TMP) and 1,3-butanediol (1,3-BD). In consequence, the polyurethane that had long chains of PMPA and the large number of the hardsegment (PPDI, 1,3-BD) between chemical crosslink points (TMP) showed large bending deformation by an electric field. On the other hand, the bending motion induced by an electric field at 60°C was far more rapid than at 30°C. These results suggest the bending induced by and electric field can be restricted by the hydrogen bonds between urethane groups in the hardsegment. 685 Large bending deformation of monolayer polyurethane films was observed when a high electric field was applied to the film. Using this phenomenon, bending actuators were prepared and their electromechanical properties were investigated. When the electric field of 10 MV, m was applied to the film, the deformation curvature, 1/R, reached 36m^<-1> within about 3 seconds and the generated force was about the same as the film weight.The degree of the bending deformation was expressed as a combination of the linear term and the square term of applied electric field. Therefore it is shown that the bending deformation is caused by bending piezoelectricity (inverse effect) and bending electrostriction. 686 The plastid ω-3 fatty acid desaturase (FAD7) catalyzes the production of linolenic acid which is the precursor of jasmonic acid (JA) . Following local wounding treatments, the FAD7 promoter activity was induced in leaves, stems, and roots. The wound-responsive activation of the FAD7 promoter in roots was mediated via a wound-induced JA biosynthesis, whereas in leaves and stems a JA-independent wound-signal activated the FAD7 promoter. 5'-deletion experiments revealed that in roots the wound-responsive elements were present in the -520, -363 region of the FAD7 promoter, whereas in leaves and stems they existed in the -259/-197 region. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that wound activation of the FAD7 promoter in stems was accompanied by the alteration in the binding activity of the nuclear factors within the -262/-203 region, while in leaves such alteration by wounding was not observed. Competition and binding assays revealed that the -242/-223 region was essential for the binding of the wound-activated nuclear factors in stems. Nuclear extracts from wounded roots versus unwounded roots showed a significant alteration in their binding ability to the -430/-363 fragment. 687 Spreading portable devices leads an importance of low power energy techniques. First of all this paper shows decrease of secondary battery consumption is minimum when executing a program under low and constant CPU frequency. Then it presents a real-time scheduling algorithm, correctness of the algorithm and computation complexity of it, which maximize utilized time of the secondary battery under preserving a deadline of real-time tasks. 688 A content-based video scene retrieval method using multimodal index is proposed. Representative images of video scenes and corresponding visualized sound patterns are used as the multimodal index. An image search engine is used not only for image retrieval but also for sound pattern retrieval. Query experiments using the multimodal index were conducted for bird videos. The results of the experiments show that query using the multimodal indexes is effective in improving query accuracy compared with query by image index. 689 Chemical and physical characteristics of coal ashes were examined to utilize as materials for plantable porous concrete. Coal ashes can be divided int fly ash and clinker ash. Both of them includes nutriment for plants, and clinker ash has high water retentivity. Fly ash is recommended to use as a part of cement and water retentive materials to fill voids of porous concrete. Clinker ash is recommended to use as coarse aggregate of porous concrete, fine aggregare and a part of dressed soil upon the concrete. 690 Characteristics of porous concrete using coal ashes were examined. Relatively large clinker ash was mixed with coarse aggregate up to 10% (Type CA) . Relatively small clinker ash was used as fine aggregate up to 40% against cement (Type FA) . Fly ash cement was also used to make specimens to investigate void percentage and compressive strength. The void percentages were obtained about 25% by adjustment of mixture proportions. Compressive strength of CA was lower than that without coal ashes at early age, but no effects of using coal ashes was confirmed at longer age. The similar phenomenon was observed about FA. 691 Green growth on plantable porous concrete panels was examined. The factors of the panels were kinds of coal ashes, diameter of hole to plant trees, angles of the panel, kinds of trees and kinds of dressed soil. Growth of trees was mainly affected by diameter of hole to plant trees. Kinds of coal ashes also affected the growth slightly, but longer inspection will be needed. Growth of herbaceous plants was especially good on the panel which dressed soil mixed clinker ash. 692 Distribution of roots of tree which planted on plantable porous concrete ponels was inspected and resistance against wind was evaluated. Parts of relatively fat roots extended spirally in the hole to plant trees. Other parts extended along the surface of the hole, then extended into the soil layer of the panels. Slim roots extended into the void of porous concrete directly. Extensive test at horizontal direction was executed about trees on the panels and the maximum moment was calculated. It was found that trees on the panels can resist against wind at a velocity of 40-60 meters per second 693 In this paper, a seismic upgrading of existing SRC building was performed, using the frame with low-yield-strength steel unbonded brace (energy dissipating brace) and hat-beam, and this system exhibited energy dissipating efficiency by seismic response analysis. The analysis model was 12-mass system with non-linear equivalent shear spring, where the energy dissipating frame and the existing frame were located in parallel. As results of the design application of this system, because the frame performed hysteresis energy consumer effectively from tiny story displacement angle, and the following criteria of design was satisfied against large earthquakes, 1) Story displacements were less than about 1, 100, 2) Any members within existing frame didn't cause shear yield. 694 We did performance tests of H-shaped unbonded brace in state of combined stress of bending and axial, considering installation. Stress ratio of bend and axis, and bending stress distribution are treated as parameters. The tests are composed of alteranating axial loading up to the ductility factor of 15, and compressing into large deformation. Results are shown below. In whatever state of combined stress, an excellent energy absorption performance is shown. The influence of bend on its axially strength can be evaluated by the formula for ordinary steel. And the load-deformation relationship can be estimated well by bi-linear hysteresis model considering its kinematic hardening. 695 The method of Function Point Analysis (FPA) was proposed by Albrecht to help measure the size of a computerized business information system. It is widely used in the actual software development. However, it has been pointed out that FPA leads to 30 percent defference for same product by people. Also, the application of FPA to requirements specification has not been established. In this paper, we propose detailed FPA measurement method for the requirements specification analyzed using the requirements analysis system REQUARIO, and develop the function point measurement tool based on the method. The tool is implemented by Visual C++5.0 on Windows95. The size of the tool is approximately 7000 lines. Moreover, we have applied the tool to requirements specification developed in a computer company. 696 Hybrid single layer lattice shell using supplementary parts is the structure system of which stiffness and allowable buckling load have been improved by introducing supplementary parts of self-equilibrated system to lattice shell of rectangular grid. A supplementary part can be arranged at the arbitrary rectangular grid. Then, we investigated several kinds of the hybrid shell with supplementary parts about the allowable buckling load calculated by linear eigen-value analysis. As results, we recognized to be able to control higher buckling load by effective layout of less parts compared with intoducing into all grids. 697 This paper reports on effective layout of parts about hybrid single layer lattice shell. Here estimative coefficient k is introduced. This k is estimated by using deformation ratio obtained from buckling mode. To put parts in grids with bigger value of k is done. Unless required performance is obtained, repeat once more. Continuity of parts and connection to boundary support points are very effective to get higher buckling load. By using design method suggested here, they is realized. Finally the flow of design is described. 698 We tried to make clear the relation between land-covering condition and composition of birds which come flying to investigation area. We divided the investigation area into some meshes, and investigated land-covering and appearance of birds. Using multivariable analysis, we analyzed similarity of composition of birds in each mesh, and typified pecuriality of ecological environment. And we extracted pecuriality of ecological environment in birds eyes as "ecological potential".Using this method, it is possible to estimate ecological environment in wide area, and decide on our policy of conservation and arrangement in green area. 699 In this paper, a new velocity control system with two degrees of freedom for a extrusion press has been presented. The feedforward controller is designed based on model matching method. The parameters of the obtained feedback controller are derived from linear mathematical models. The effectiveness of the new system has been shown by application in an actual plant. 700 Foamed surfactant apply to insect pest are known to available control method without using synthetic insecticides. In this study, we applied foamed surfactant against green house pests such as aphids. Eggplant and cabbege were planted in the pot and grew without insecticides application. After aphids and other insects were infested, we applied foamed surfactant at intervals of five, ten and fifteen days. We used fenitrothion as control. Foamed surfactant applied at intervals five and ten days were effective, and population density of aphids were no significant differense compared with control.From these results to control pests using foamed surfactant will be practical and effective in the green house. 701 If the minimum sizes of metal slits are below a wavelength, on which near field will be created with no relation to the dimension of the wavelength. Using near field, we can transfer the pattern which size is below the diffraction of light. Furthermore, it is found that polarized light decreases the sizes of transferred patterns due to enhancement of localization of near field, and reduction of far field effect. For this purpose, the wire grid polarizer which enables to polarize on UV range was fabricated using STM lithography. This polarizer was applied being buried under the metal mask for nano-scale pattern transfer. 702 In order to reduce calculations in Bayesian clustering of document set, we introduce an algorithm to decide a semi-optimal cluster by GA, whose genes encode cluster structures. The proposed method uses Minimum Description Length (MDL) of clusters for the evaluation of candidate genes. We compare the performance of the proposed algorithm with those of a conventional Bayesian clustering algorithm and a semi-optimal algorithm known as"topdown clustering". The empirical result shows the accuracy of proposed method for document retrieval is better than that of topdown clustering. It proves the effectiveness of a search based on GA. 703 There are three items which it should consider about a schedule plan of data broadcast. The 1st is to make the waiting time as short as possible until receivers accept purposed data after they begin to listen. The 2nd is to make delay time as short as possible to broadcasting from the time when data was updated. The 3rd is that receivers can estimate when purpose data is broadcast. In other words, it is desirable that periods are fixed. To decrease waiting time and delay time, data are broadcast according to the rate of data reception and the rate of data update. We consider what periods we should give. Moreover, we propose an algorithm which keeps fixed period and make easy to decide the schedule. We called it Double Cyclic Sequencing method. 704 AntNet, a mobile agents based routing algorithm, has a drawback of fixing routings. We call this routing-lock. It is nessesary to unlock the routing-lock immediately after network events, such as sharp fluctuations of input traffic and network topology changes, occur. In this paper, we propose two lock-freealgorithms and evaluate these adaptabilities by computer simulation. 705 To understand the molecular process of signal transduction pathways from initial water-stress signal to gene expression, we cloned cDNAs for genes that are induced by water stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. One of the dehydration responsive genes, rd29A that was also induced by low temperature stress and ABA treatment. We identified an cis-acting element containing 9bp, TACCGACAT (DRE, Dehydration Responsive Element), that is involved in dehydration-responsive expression. DRE is also involved in the induction by low temperature, but does not function in ABA-responsive expression of rd29A.Two cDNA clones that encode DRE binding proteins, DREBs, were isolated by the yeast one-hybrid screening. Two DREBs indicates that each DREB has a conserved DNA-binding domain found in EREBP, AP2. The recombinant DREB proteins expressed in E.colibound specifically to DRE in the rd29A promoter. Northern blot analysis revealed that the DREB mRNAs were accumulated in response to dehydration, high-salt and low temperature stress with different pattern of expression. In a transient transactivation experiment using leaf protoplast, we demonstrated that both DREB proteins activate the transcription of the rd29A promoter fused to the β-glucuronidase reporter gene. Recognition sequences of two DREB proteins were analyzed in detail using recombinant proteins. 706 We identified a novel cis acting element named DRE (TACCGACAT) that is responsible for the dehydration-and cold-induced gene expression. Two cDNA clones that encode DRE binding proteins, DREB1A and DREB2A, were isolated by using yeast one-hybrid screening method. Over-expression of the DREB1AcDNA in transgenic Arabidopsisplants not only induced strong expression of the target genes (rd29A,rd17) even under unstressed conditions but also caused dwarfed phenotypes of the transgenics. In contrast, overexpression of the DREB2A cDNA induced weak expression of the target genes under unstressed conditions and caused growth retardation of the transgenics. 707 Under water deficit conditions, various genes are induced and are thought to function in stress tolerance and response. To understand molecular responses to drought stress, we cloned 50 cDNAs for drought-inducible genes. We analyzed the expression patterns of these drought-inducible genes, and identified at least four independent signal transduction pathways between the initial dehydration signal and gene expression. A cis-acting element (DRE) is involved in dehydration and cold stress. We isolated and analyzed cDNAs for DRE binding proteins, MYB and MYC homologues involved in drought stress responses.We demonstrated that genes invovled in MAP kinase cascade are induced by water stress, and observed rapid and transient activation of MAPK in Arabidopsis plants by stress treatment. We isolated a cDNA (ATHK1) encoding an yeast osmosensor Sln1p homologue. ATHK1 complemented yeast sln1 mutant, which suggests that ATHK1 might function as an osmosensor in Arabidopsis. Genes encoding CDPK and proteins involved in PI turnover are induced by water stress, which suggests the IP3-calcium cascade as well as the MAP kinase cascade may function in the signaling pathway under water stress. 708 In conventional analysis of SAW grating waveguides, velocity of grating domain doesn't depend on frequency. In fact, dispersion caused by reflectivity of finger electrodes exists, phase velocity depends on frequency.In this paper, the approximate analytical model which considered dispersion for SAW grating waveguides is proposed. The consequence of the new analysis is different from that of a conventional analysis. Adequacy of this model is confirmed experimentally. 709 We have introduced the technical concept of "STAGE" into color separation work, and adapted to use "DOT AREA PERCENTAGE" value as special tool in color separation technology.We sucessed to change the complexes color separation procedures to simple and understandable technique based on rational theory.We choosed "DOT AREA PERCENTAGE" value as common technical concept among the problems concerning to color separation procedures. As the result of the matter, we could dissolved all problems, at once, in rational way.We may expect to create new CMS that equip rationality and consistency, it we succeed to fuse GIS with CMS. 710 DNA is a good candidate for the construction of nano-size assemblies. However, one has to arrange functional molecules capable of conducting electrons through DNA strand, which itself is not or only a poor electro-conductor. We showed that the naphthalene diimide carrying ferrocene molecules could be arranged on dsDNA to form a ferrocene-array and thus could effectively mediate the electron transfer between the solution species and a DNA-immobilized gold electrode. This is the first example of electron transfer mediated by intercalated molecules along a DNA strand, suggesting that this approach is promising to obtain a nano-scale electron-conducting wire. 711 AIS (Automatic Interference Suppressor) is a four port interference rejection filter which is combined with variable attenuater, variable phase shifter, monitering receiver and micro computer. AIS eliminates desensitization and also acts as canceler of unwanted transimitting signal penetrating from transmitter antenna to receiver antenna. It fetures wide-band interference suppression and wide applicable (not affected any type of modulations, easy installation). We introduce here its configuration, basic performance limitation, test data and some applications. 712 The purpose is to provide appropriate control method of air conditioning equipment to achieve comfortable heat environment in perimeter area in buildings. This report focuses the shape of counter with heat panel at perimeter on prevent interior area from cold draft in winter. The simulation concludes that the flow to interior is seized by heat of 236W, m^2. Even in case that the heat is less than that value, more inclined inlet, wider inlet and wider outlet of counter at perimeter enables flow from perimeter not to reach interior area, where the air flow speed increases at inlet of the counter. 713 A new method to find a gas, odor source is proposed. A portable gas sensor array is fabricated by arranging 5×5 pulse drive semiconductor gas sensors, and is used for visualizing the flow of a target gas. The gas source can be located by tracking the measured flow direction. The redundant information from the sensor array makes the system more reliable compared with the case of a few sensors, especially under the environment with large wind turbulence and/or a quite slow wind field. The performance of the gas flow visualization has been tested in a wind tunnel, and the soundness of the basic idea is demonstrated. 714 Shunting scheduling problems in railway stations can be regarded as a sort of resource constrained project scheduling problems (RCPSs). But unlike usual RCPSs, shunting scheduling problems have such requirements that the number of jobs which a project consists of have to be dynamically changed in the process of solving the problems ; some of the jobs have to be performed exactly at the prescribed timing etc. We propose an algorithm for the problems designed combining genetic local search and PERT.Local search is conducted on the critical paths of PERT network, and for the candidates of answers shunting timings are decided by calculation of PERT.This combination has made it possible to reduce the search space to a great extent and get an efficient algorithm. 715 In this paper, we propose a cost-based service control mechanism for 3D contents using multi-level complex objects. We introduce the concept of "service range" to control the multi-level services provided by the elements of the complex objects and dynamically change the amount of services allowed within "service range" specified by cost. Furthermore, we also introduce a distance-based mechanism for adjusting each service in the virtual space, which we call LOS (Level Of Service) . 716 The present report concerns a friction damper constructed with coned disc springs as a part of laminated rubber bearings for base-isolation systems. This friction damper is constructed by keeping coned disc springs against a horizontally placed stainless steel plate on the sliding surface by making use of the rebound from deformation by vertical compression. The examination of non-linear load-deflection curves of the coned disc springs were undertaken by both characteristics tests and analysis. Through dynamic characteristics tests, the reliability of friction dampers constructed with the coned disc spring was confirmed as applicable to a base isolation system. 717 We present a new indexing method called the Spatial Bit Coding Method which is useful for nearest neighbor searching in high dimensional space, then introduce tree structure and algorithms for searching, insertion and deletion. An image database system has need for not only retrieval using added information described by text but also content based retrieval to achieve excellent human interface. Content based retrieval needs selecting one or some images which has similar feature extracted by image processing from image database. Especially, for high dimensional and large data set, retrieval processing using image feature involves high cost.The R-tree and its variants are index search method for fast similarity retrieval based on projective location of target image. Our proposed method, the Spatial Bit Coding Method using R-tree technique is introduced idea of the virtual bounding rectangle of which location and size is represented by bit coding. As a result of adoption this method, fewer disk accesses is achieved in search operation.Finally, measurements of page accesses for search and insert operation and comparison of new and usual method is presented. The performance test prove the superiority of our method for high dimensional data set. 718 We can use IP multicast systems to communicate with several hosts simulteniously. A group is defined on IP multicast communication systems. While Audio/Video broadcasting is popular on the MBone, the use of groups can be very effective for push data for software delivery and data delivery. In the case of push delivery. It is necessary to group receivers of pushed data according to their environment or needs. In this paper, we describe simple grouping control protocol for data delivery using IP multicast. 719 In this paper, we propose an adaptive network resource management architecture for multiple applications. Recently, use of real-time applications and mission-critical applications on Internet and intranets which require end-to-end QoS guarantees is growing rapidly. IETF has proposed RSVP for reserving resources thus making it possible to provide end-to-end guarantees. However, when there are several applications and hosts contending for limited resources, RSVP treats applications and hosts in a first-come-first-reserved manner. As a solution to this problem, we propose to employ resource management prosess on routers and hosts together with a more flexible reservation scheme to reserve bandwidth within a range. 720 Vision metrology system with marks is utilized generally to control machines. In this province, fast measuring method for real-time control and 3D metrology with a 3D mark has been researched well. If we can use this metrology system in order to detect and collimate very small displacement, it is also available to construct high-precision space structure such as antenna. In this paper, a method using cross-correlation function of mark-pattern's images is proposed in order to accurate measurement. The method detects displacement in subpixel precision by interpolation technique. We discuss about the adequate mark-patterns and the robustness of the method for lighting conditions and alignment error. 721 We had proposed a new flow control method to improve the efficiency of TCP and to extend the application range of TCP.The method was based on estimating the bandwidth (throughput) through dividing the acknowledged data-size by the ACK interarrival times, and computing the appropriate window size by multiplying this bandwidth by minimum RTT.In this paper, we report two modifications to our scheme and evaluate its performance on a Long Fat Pipe as well as a satellite channel. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme is better compared to TCP on both platforms. 722 Sake lees was extracted with hot water, and the soluble fraction was further separated into the fractions unabsorbed (A) and absorbed (B) on an activated charcoal. The A fraction contained glucose (92%), amino acids (0.26%) and nucleic acids (0.3%), as well as a ninhydrin positive Umami component. On the other hand, the B fraction contained the peptides and its Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity (IC_<50>) was 1.62 mg, ml. The residue obtained by hot water extraction was digested with pepsin and proleather after acetic acid treatment, and about 66% of that was solubilized in water. The digest contained peptides and dietary fiber, and its ACE inhibitory activity (IC_<50>) was 200μg/ml. 723 Downhole motors are operated when the drillers bore the oil wells or the geothermal wells as usual. In the current drilling industries, heat-resistance and long-time endurance of it are hoped to be improved. We have done the trial manufacture of a small-scale model which is 170mm diameters (same as full scale model) and 600mm length (1, 6 of full scale), and the performance tests of it to prove the design method of its trochoidal section. This paper derives the basic characteristics of this downholemotor's performance investigated experimentally. 724 This paper proposes a statistical multiplexer for an ATM satellite on-board switch. The ATM satellite on-board switch is a key component to realize a multimedia satellite communication system. The ATM switch to be mounted, on a satellite is required to directly accommodate many customers with various channel bit rates, should not consume much electrical power and should not radiate much heat. To achieve these requirements, the statistical multiplexing function is evolved taking account of the characteristic of the satellite communication that the amount of the input channel bit rates of the ATM switch is limited to usable frequency band width for satellite uplink channel. At first, this paper proposes a configuration of the statistical multiplexer. And then it shows by traffic simulation that the configuration is feasible from the view points of cell delay, cell delay variation characteristics and required buffer size. 725 Various testing machine for the adiabatic temperature rise have been developed before, however these machine are complicated and expensive to use at site. Furthermore the machine has not standardized in the societies.The apparatus developed herein consists of a simple styrofoam box and a temperature measurement apparatus.The adiabatic temperature rise is calculated by summing the rising temperature in the box and the temperature losing outside, which provides fairy good agreement compared with the previous test data. 726 This paper describes a text categorization method that uses Support Vector Machines (SVMs). The accuracies of learning-based text categorization systems depend not only on frequent words but also on infrequent ones. However, high dimensionality of the data sometimes causes overfitting that harms the overall performance of the system. SVMs avoid the curse of dimensionality by using a quadratic optimization method. In addition, SVMs can also learn Non-linearity by introducing Kernel functions. We tested method from the following three perspectives : 1. word vectors of different dimensions, 2. different Kernel functions and 3. extended cost function. The results clearly show the effectiveness of SVMs for the text categorization task. 727 Four continuous cell lines were established from cultures of embryonic tissue of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, and designated NISES-BoMo-MK, NISES-BoMo-KG, NISES-BoMo-DZ, and NISES-BoMo-OH.The cells were mostly spherical in shape, . and could be cultured at 25°C to 37°C. The population doubling time of each cell line was about one day regardless of the temperature at both 25°C and 37°C. The karyotype of the cells was typical of lepidoptera cell lines. The number of chromosomes was higher at 37°C than at 25°C. The activity of the enzymes, phosphoglucose isomerase, phosphoglucose mutase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase extracted from the cells was higher at 37°C than at 25°C. These four cell lines seems to be resistance to Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus. OHHA race of silkworm is considered to be weak at relative high teperature, but NISES-BoMo-OH cell line that derived from this OHHA race is active regardless of 37°C culture temp. This cell line will be suitable material for the elucidation of insect physiology. 728 Suzuki et al. (1990) have proposed that pre-larval diapause in the wild silkmoth is controlled by two factors (repressive factor and maturation factor). Maturation factor has been partially isolated as peptide-like hormone (Naya et al., 1994). However, another factor has not been identified even if we had tried many methods for purification, This study was successful to isolate repressive factor and determined it's amino acid sequence. The isolated fraction induced repressive bioactivity for diapause temination. As a result, it has no identity with all peptides known so far and is a novel peptide in the organisms. 729 In pharate first-instar larvae of A.yamamal, diapause is controlled by two factors : repressive factor and maturation factor. The repressive factor has been isolated and it's amino acid sequence was determined. Corresponding to the complete primary structure, the amidated and free forms of C- terminus were synthesized using PSSM-8 peptide synthesizer. These peptides were injected into diapausing pre-larvae treated by KK-42. Two paramaters (ratio of diapause breakdown and days required for diapause breakdown) of bioactivity of RF were similar to the purified peptide. The immune serum of this peptide was injected into diapausing pre-Iarvae. As a result, ratio of diapause breakdown was 10%. The secreting organ is examining with immunohistochemical detection. 730 An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to detect the insecticide flucythrinate in environmental and food samples. Two types of haptens, one contained the acid moiety of flucythrinate and the other the alcohol moiety, were used to prepare monoclonal antibodies (mabs). Five mabs, which raised against the former hapten, were reactive to flucythrinate. Among these mabs, mab FIA27-4 showed the highest specificity and reactivity to flucythrinate with the liner range of 10 ppb to 300 ppb in indirect competitive (ic) ELISA.The ic ELISA based on mab FIA27-4 was applied to detection of flucythrinate in spiked water, soil and apple samples, and good recoveries were obtained. 731 One of the key features of the numerical HVAC chamber is its ability for a number of case studies simulating any building in any place. In the process of the development of numerical HVAC experimental chamber, we needed reasonable boundary condition for solar radiation considering surrounding building geometry. In this paper we describe an idea for the reasonable modeling and some results from simulation for solar boundary condition. 732 Hibernating larvae, Sasakia chamnda, could be reared on artificial diet for silkworm larva including Celtis sinensis leaf powder instead of mulberry leaf. The larvae were reared at 25°C and 75% RH.It took 16 days for the late fourth instar, 17 days for the fifth instar, 16 days for the sixth instar and 12 days for pupal-adult development. Important treatments of rearing larvae were found out as below. At first larval body surface should be disinfected before the rearing and should be reared individually and dangling place must be prepared just before pupation. 733 To ask correctly consolidation of inhomogenious material, it isimportant to prove scale effect of specimen. For this one, automatic large specific consolida tion test instrument, 300mm in diameter and 100mm in light, is developed to ask for consolidation of inhomogeneous material. This instrument is calacterized by decrease of surfacial friction between consolidation ring and specimen, and correctly mesuring mechanism for consolidation pressure near the center of specimen and horizontal drain fanction in test. These fanction reflected condition of the site of construction. 734 We developed large scale specific consolidation tester that could measured frictional resistance(diameter 30cm, thickness 10cm), and we applied it stage loading consolidation test for highly organic soil. The results were followed.⋅Frictional resistance rate that compared with loading stress was about 5%. That was almost constant rate.⋅Most frictional resistance immediately appeared. But it slightly continued to increase after loading. 735 To investigate the function of H^+-ATPase in Lactococcus lactis, a mutant with reduced H^+-ATPase activity was derived. The mutant was obtained as a neomycin-resistant strain. The mutant showed acid sensitivity under the acidic conditions with lower efficiency of lactic acid fermentation and lower viability than those of the parental strain. The intracellular pH of the mutant was lower than that of the parental strain under the acidic conditions. From these results, H^+-ATPase of L.lactis is considered to function to maintain cytoplasmic pH.The activity of H^+-ATPase in the parental strain increased about 3 times under the acidic conditions. Northern and Western blot analyses revealed the increases both in mRNA of H^+-ATPase and in H^+-ATPase protein, In the mutant, similar results were obtained with Northern and Western blot analyses, although the increase in H^+-ATPase activity was small. Therefore, it was concluded that the mutant had the normal regulation of the H^+-ATPase gene expression, but had a defective structural gene for H^+-ATPase, and thus became acid sensitive with low H^+-ATPase activity. 736 We investigated the effects of binders and mix proportion factors on plastic viscosity of high-strength concrete. The following is new knowledge obtained through the test.1. The increase of plastic viscosity and the rheological dilatancy were attributed to lower water-binder ratio. If rheological dilatancy is shown, pressure-loss increases.2. Change of plastic viscosity due to change of slumpflow became larger, with the higher of plastic viscosity. In the case of high plastic viscosity mixture, slumpflow should be large as possible.3. Plastic viscosity can be decresed, with the applicaton belite portland cement and mineral admixtures to binder, in the case of W/B=25%. 737 Novel copolymeric particles for the selective removal of lipoplysaceharides (LPS) were prepared. The particles comprise spherical copolymers derived from poly(ϵ-lysine) (PL) (originating from Streptomyces albulus) and chloromethyloxirane (CMO). The apparent pK_a (pK_<a, app>) of the particles were adjusted by changing the PL and CMO ratio. The higher the pK_<a, app>, the greater the LPS-adsorption capacity of the particles. When the pK_<a, app> (in the particles) increased to 7.0 or higher, the adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) by the particles also increased. As a result, when the PK_<a, app> was 6.7, the particles selectively removed LPS from a BSA solution which were contaminated with LPS, at pH 7.0 and μ = 0.05 to 0.4. 738 For proliferation of anchorage-dependent mammalian cells at large scale, cell culture on microcarriers are proven to be most effective. Aminated poly(γ-methyl L-glutamate) (PMLG) beads and cross-linked poly(ϵ-lysine) (originating from Streptomyces albulus) beads were prepared for the cell culture. The apparent pKa (pK_<a, app>) of the beads were easily adjusted by control of the amino-group content. The cell growth strongly depend on the pK_<a, app> of the beads but not on the amino-group content. The pK_<a, app> 7.2 and 6.8 showed a high cell growth for the aminated PMLG and the cross-linked poly(ϵ-lysine) beads, respectively. As a result, the beads with neutral pK_<a, app> (which was similar pH to physiological solution) were found to be excellent microcarriers showing high cell growth. 739 We have studied the ontimization method using the Hamiltonian Algorism on the system containing the switching variables. that can take just 0 or 1 values. As for example. we report the results of the ontimization of the energy system of the buildings that uses the heat pomp as heat source.The heat pomp capacity and the oneration of the heat pomp are optimized. We also study the parallel processing of the optimization program. 740 We have recently reported the chain length recognition through the formation of polyion complex (PIC) micelles from a pair of oppositely charged block copolymers, poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(aspartic acid) and poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(L-lysine). In this recognition, it might be important that PIC micelles have core-shell structure. In order to form core-shell structure, the junction of block copolymers must align at an interface between core and corona. In this study, the density of PEG at interface was calculated from the weight-averaged molecular weight of PIC micelles determined using static light scattering. It was confirmed that the PEG density at interface was determined by the length of charged segment in block copolymer, suggesting the importance of the interface between core and corona. The PEG density at interface might be one of important factors in chain length recognition. 741 Fullerenes adlayers on Au(111) surfaces prepared by the transfer of Langmuir films revealed the same structures of the epitaxial films prepared by sublimation. On the other hand, fullerenes adlayers on iodine modified Au(111) surfaces were not observed by in situ STM because of the immobilized weak adsorption. After iodine adlayers were electrochemically removed, the epitaxial adlayers of fullerenes on Au(111) surfaces can be also prepared with high quality. 742 Low-LPS C-reactive protein (CRP), designated as endotoxin-free CRP, was obtained from Escherichia coli-expressed human CRP.The condition of endotoxin removal by chitosan affinity chromatography was optimized for CRP.Trehalose (Glcα1-1αGlc) and 3-[3-cholamidopropyl) dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS) were added to prevent aggregation, precipitation of CRP during the process of its concentration and freeze-drying. The lipopolysaccharides (LPS) level of the original recombinant CRP, as high as 133 ng LPS/mg protein, was decreased to 0.24 ng LPS/mg protein (99.9% removal) by four successive chitosan affinity chromatography. The PC-binding activity of CRP was fully retained after the removal of LPS as detemined by DELFIA (dissociation enhanced lanthanide fluorescence immunoassay) using a microplate coated with phosphorylcholine (PC) conjugated bovine serum albumin (BSA)(1) and Eu^<3+>-labeled anti-CRP antibodies. 743 Phenylcarbamate derivatives of polysaccharides are known to show high chiral recognition as chiral stationary phases (CSPs) in HPLC.Particularly, tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) derivatives have been widely used to separate a broad range of racemates, including drugs. However, the solvents such as chloroform which dissolve or swell the polysaceharides cannot be used as main mobile phases for the CSPs.We immobilized cellulose phenylcarbamate derivatives on silica surface by a following method. Silica gel was first coated with cellulose phenylcarbamate derivative, and then a mixture of styrene, divinylbenzene, and radical initiator was added. The cellulose phenylcarbamate derivative was immobilized on the silica surface by radical copolymerization of styrene and divinylbenzene. For the resulting CSPs, an eluent containing a small amount of chloroform could be used. 744 Polysaccharides derivatives, particularly carbamates of cellulose and amylose, have been used for the resolution of many racemic compounds. Chitin is a major component of the exoskeleton of many crustacean and the most accessible optically active polymer as well as cellulose and amylose. In this study, three chitin carbamates were prepared and their chiral recognition abilities as chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were evaluated and compared with those of 3,5-dimethylphenycarbamates of cellulose and amylose. Elemental analysis of chitin carbamates showed almost complete substitutions of hydrogen groups. Among the chitin carbamates prepared in this study, the 3,5-dimethyl and 3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamates of chitin showed relatively high chiral recognition ability. Especially, some chiral acidic drugs were better resolved on 3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate derivatives. 745 Cellulose and amylose are known to show a chiral recognition which is not high enough for practical use. However, their phenylcarbamate derivatives exhibit a high chiral recognition ability and afford practically useful chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). However, these could not be used as CSPs for thin-layer chromatography (TLC). On the other hand, alkylcarbamate derivatives such as methyl and isopropyl exhibited much lower chiral recognition. In this study, cyclohexylcarbamates of cellulose and amylose were prepared and their chiral recognition abilities as CSPs in HPLC and TLC were evaluated. 746 Behavior of basal spacing of the complex which was obtained by intercalation of amino-acid (Lys, Arg, His, Asp and Glu) into montmorillonite by adjusting pH or not, was investigated against relative humidity from 6 to 90%RH by a relative humidity controllable XRD (RHXRD). The four types of the relationship of basal spacings against relative humidity were mainly shown. The types were that (1)basal spacing did not change, (2) did not change until 50%RH and at more than 50%RH basal spacing gradually spread, (3)linearly spread against increasing of relative humidity and 4) behaved like montmorillonite. The change of the basal spacing against relative humidity was affected by the dissociation of amino and carboxyl group and hydrophilic characteristics of amino-acid. 747 This paper introduces a system that supports remote Meetings in enterprises are semi-formal, i. e., they are well-organized and prepared in advanced, but are adaptively performed according to discussion. We introduce meeting scripts to support such organized and adaptive meetings. Meeting scripts are descriptions on processes of preparations such as decision of agenda and requests for necessary documents to participants, proceedings of the meeting such as suggestion of discussion topics and decision, and follow-up procedures to complete the meetings such as distribution of the proceedings. We can use the meeting scripts either for simulation of meetings in advance and control of actual meetings. We will discuss the effectiveness of the system on the actual technical meeting in business by a prototype. 748 The objective of this study is to develop a training simulator for a refuse gasifying melting plant. A refuse gasifying melting plant needs new operations and control systems. Therefore, operators should be trained using a training simulator to make stable operations. In this system, dynamic characteristic analysis models of a refuse gasifying melting plant are used. 749 Refuse gasifying melting plant is evaluated as new technology of refuse disposal. We developed the mathematical model for dynamic characteristic analysis in order to understand characteristic of plant and design a control system. Then, decoupling control method is proposed, and the efficiency is shown. 750 It is a recent important problem for environment to restrain CO concentration exhausted from refuse incineration plants (RIPs). However, it is difficult to grasp the characteristic of RIPs, because fuel property is unstable. The purpose of this work is to develop a precise combustion control method for fluidized bed incinerators (FBIs). In this paper, we propose to apply on-line identification and model predictive control for FBIs. Furthermore, in order to confirm these performances, we carried out experiments with an FBI. 751 It is possible to acquire human motion as 3-dimensional time series data by development of sensing technology in recent years. Morever, the DP matching method is well known by recognition with the time series data, such as voice and a numerical value sequence. The similarity between time series data can be measured by DPmatching. However, since human motion data consists of many time series datas with the time synchronization, the similarity between human motions need to be taken into consideration not only about the similarity between time series data but about a synchronization of a motion. It aims at performing a judgment of a user motion by measuring the similarity of a user motion and a model motion in this research. Therefore, in consideration of the degree of similar between time series data, and the degree of synchronization of a motion, it proposes about the technique of measuring similarity of a motion. 752 The paper proposes a method of non-destructive test, using ultra-sonic sensors, which measures the position of cracks in a concrete structure based on a reflected wave model and a signal propagation model in the measurement enviroment. 753 We have proposed a system to deal with position detection and communication simultaneously with an image sensor. In our proposed system, light sources which are also data transmission devices in optical data communication are attached on a target object. They are detected with an image sensor so that the position of the object can be computed in image processings. At the same time, ON, OFF of the lights are detected with the same image sensor for optical data communication. In this paper, the position detection was evaluated in respect to its performance. Experimental results showed that the detection error was small enough in the horizontal and vertical displacement. In the case of rotation, numerical methods could be applicable for the calculation. 754 Recently metal nanoparticles have become very attractive in a variety of fields such as biology and electrochemistry. In particular, the organization of gold particles using the specific interaction of thiol derivatives is very important. However, alkanthiol derivatives mainly used at curent preparation of gold particles are not suitable for biological application. We have solved this problem by using the heterobifunctional Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) with a mercapto group at one end and an acetal group at the other end(Acetal-PEG-SH). Additionally, the transformation of the acetal group at the PEG end-group on gold perticles to an aldehyde group was confirmed to proceed smoothly, indicating a wide range of application. From the UV-vis analyses, it was confirmed that gold particles with Acetal-PEG-SH was very stable in organic and aqueous solution(even a pH 3) and that aldehyde group was existed on the nanoparticles surface. 755 The centrifuge model tests were performed on a laterally loaded pile in order to investigate the coefficient of horizontal subgrade reaction in liquefied soil layer. Single pile in saturated sand was subjected to lateral cyclic load with different frequencies (static, 1 Hz). The excess pore pressure ratio (0.0,0.3,0.5,0.7,0.9) in the sand was controlled by seepage pressure. The results showed that the coefficient of horizontal subgrade reaction decreased as the pore pressure ratio increased. 756 Simulation of pile head loading tests, which controlled the effective stress by permeation water pressure under the 1-gravity and 30-gravity soil stress condition, was conducted by three dimensional finite element analysis. And inverse analysis of shear stiffness was executed by minimizing the residual difference of pile's curvature between observed data and calculation result. The shear stiffness is defined as the function of shear strain and effective mean stress, and in this study, the shear strain is also the function of the effective mean stress. 757 The shaking table test of soil-pile-structure system using shear box filled with saturated Toyoura sand (relative density Dr 75%) was conducted under the 30 gravity condition by centrifuge facility. The excess pore water pressure was raised up to initial vertical effective stress in the upper part of the soil layer. Response acceleration of the superstructure decreased in proportion to liquefaction, and the curvature of lower part of pile increased. Simulation study was conducted using the shear stiffness function considering the decrease of the effective mean stress. Concerning the time history of pile's curvature, the phase of calculation was faster than the observed data, but the trend was nearly simulated. 758 Through experiments, liquefied soil stiffness can be represented as a function of both of strain and the ratio of hydrostatic excess pressure to effective confining pressure. According to the function, the equivalent stiffness in a liquefied soil based on dynamic effective analysis of free field can be estimated through the ratio of hydrostatic excess pressure at the time when the maximum value of soil strain is occurred before soil is completely liquefied. As a result, it can be seen that earthquake response of pile-foundation-building by a SR model using the equivalent soil stiffness mentioned above has adequate accuracy. 759 The proposed simple procedure is verified in comparison with the other more precise analysis. At first the elasto-plastic behavior in the dynamic analysis is investigated. There only stiffness reduction due to magnitude of strains is considered. The very good agreement is observed with the result, which is calculated using the Ramberg-Osgood type stress-strain relationship. Then the liquefaction problem is solved with the nonlinear dynamic effective stress approach and the proposed procedure. The results are compared in terms of acceleration, velocity, displacement, stresses and strains and good agreements are obtained. These results validate the proposed procedure that can be used to investigate the liquefaction phenomena. 760 We have developed a new type flicker apparatus that takes the shape of eyeglasses. The structure and characteristics of this instrument are different from before type. Especially, our instrument has around 4cmφ surface area as the light emitter and eyes of subject are irradiated by this light. We will show the result measured by this new type flicker apparatus. 761 In recent years, CORBA is highlighted as distributed object technology.Along with that, various vendors have been released many kinds of products conform to CORBA.If ORB must connect with ORB of other vendor in an environment that mixed multi vendor CORBA products in one system, IOR, which is a header part of IIOP protocol, usually has to be transferred in other way different from CORBA.Even if such environment, systems that consist of only CORBA interface are wished as systems that consist of same CORBA products.This paper describes the case that systems which consist of only CORBA interface are realized in an environment which mixed multi vendor CORBA products in one system 762 New charge transporting polymers were synthesized from triphenylamme derivatives and 4-isobutylbenzaldehyde. Photorefractive (PR) composites consisted of charge transporting polymers : TCP : DEANST : C_<60> in a weight ratio of 51.8 : 30 : 18 : 0.2 were mixed sufficiently and were shaped as a film sandwiched with two glass slides coated with indium tin oxide(ITO) as electrodes. The film thickness was controlled to 100μm by spacers. The performance of PR devices were measured by two-beam coupling method. The gain coefficient increased with the increase of applied voltage. The highest gain coefficients were between 40cm^<-1> and 120cm^<-1>. The response time was smaller than 20msec. 763 Addition polymerization of triphenylamine derivatives with diolefins was studied. When di(ethylene glycol)divinyl ether was reacted with tetraphenyldiaminobiphenyl(TPD) or tetraphenyl-p-diaminobenzene(PDA) in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid, polymer with molecular weight higher than 10,000 was obtained. On the other hand, no polymer was obtained by the reaction with 1,7-octadiene with TPD or PDA.The difference of polymerization behavior was explained by the stabilization effect of ether oxygen. The polymers had oxidation peak at almost the same voltage as that of the corresponding low molecular weight triphenylamine derivatives. 764 We have already reported that alternating copolymerizations of ethylene with propene and 1-octene were promoted by using meso-Me_2Si(2-Me-1-Ind)_2ZrCl_2 and Et(1 -Ind)(9-Flu)ZrCl_2 catalysts combined with MAO as cocatalyst. In this study, we have conducted the copolymerizations of ethylene and α-olefins with bulky substituents using the Et(l-Ind)(9-Flu)ZrCl_2- MAO catalyst system. The copolymerizations were performed at 0°C by changing the feed ratio of ethylene to α-olefins. In the case of an ethylene-1-decene copolymerization, the resulting copolymer displayed the highest dyad, [ED]>99%. 765 We have recently reported that isotactic polypropylene (iPP) undergoes magnetic orientation in the molten state. In order to explain the molecular weight dependence of iPP on the magnetic orientation, iPP samples with various melt viscosities were prepared and crystallized under the magnetic field. The samples used in this study were obtained by the degradation of a high molecular weight iPP with peroxide. Some samples with the zero shear viscosity measured at 220°C ranging 45-90 Pa s exhibited the magnetic orientation. It was suggested that the formation of local order above the melting point depends on the melt viscosity, i. e. the molecular weight. 766 To protect the confidentiality and integrity of business transactions and electronic commerce, the cryptographic technology is applied.In Enterprise the cryptographic technologies applies to encryption/decryption of very important business information. The key is used to convert from encrypted information to plaintext. But if the key is lost, mismanaged, or otherwise unavailable, anyone can't recover the information.For that reason, the key recovery technology is very important. The technology allows access to encrypted information.This paper proposes a Key Escrow/Recovery System for Enterprise. 767 Recyclable lignin-based materials, lignophenols were synthesized by using the phase-separation system composed of phenols and concentrated acid. Under alkaline condition, C_α-phenoxide of 1, 1-bis(aryl)propane type units attacked adjacent C_β, followed by the cleavage of aryl ether linkages (switching function).Although ligno-p-cresol and ligno-2,4-dimethylphenol had similar structural characteristics and depolymerization pattern, ligno-p-cresol which had a reaction site on cresolic nuclei in alkaline media was hydroxymethylated to large extent than ligno-2,4-dimethylphenol : the amount of introduced hydroxymethyl group was 0.81mol/C_9 in lignop-cresol, 0. 15mol/C_9 in ligno-2,4-dimethylphenol. Hydroxymethylated ligno-p-cresol and ligno-2,4-dimethylphenol were polymerized by heating to give a network type polymer and a linear type polymer, respectively. 768 We discussed a method for estimating muscle fatigue using a parameter related to the speed of oxygen consumption by muscle. The parameter was estimated by oxygenated hemoglobin and deoxygenated one measured with non-invasive oxygenation monitor. It included the effect of blood flow and amount of blood into the estimation of muscle fatigue. The estimated oxygen consumption speed showed higher correlation to electrically induced torque than the hemoglobin oxygen saturation ratio. 769 With the increase of the Internet user, Internet becomes a new information channel between customer and enterprise. WWW used to be one way communication. By integrating telephony function into WWW, user can get real-time and reliable communication. However WWW system and CTI system has been realized on the different network. To overcome this issue, the integration system of WWW and CTI is proposed. Also those technologies which integrate WWW and CTI are discussed, such as call distribution, session management, information synchronization technique using HTTP between speakers , etc. . 770 In this paper,we propose the concept of Call Bundle,which is a bundle of predetermined number of calls of unique kind,used as an unit of call admission control.Number of calls in a bundle (Call Bundle Width) is determined depending on the characteristic of the call.By using Call Bundle,load of call admission control can be reduced to 1, (Call Bundle Width) of the unused case.We also evaluate loss caused by Call Bundle.The loss can be minimized by chosing appropriate Call Bundle Width,when the Call Bundle Width is large.When Call Bundle Width is very small,any value of Call Bundle Width can be used. 771 A radial line slot antenna (RLSA) is a high gain and high efficiency planar antenna.However,the return-loss of linearly-polarized RLSA (LP-RLSA) is seriously degraded by the annular slot arrangement.This report presents a novel design of slot arrangement for LP-RLSA based on the full wave analysis of slot coupling,where a slot set is introduced as a unit radiator of linear-polarization.The design is confirmed by experiments.In the model antenna,the reflection is reduced to -10dB and the gain of 30.4dBi,aperture efficiency of 48% are measured,which almost equals to the analyzed one. 772 The authors developed new type 8 channel acoustic data recorder to cope with currently popular multi dimensional acoustic measurements.The system can record either 8 channel, 20kHz for normal audible band signal measurement,or 4 channel/40kHz for higher band signal measurement beyond audio frequency.The maximum recording time is about 3 hours using 1/2 inch compact cassette tape with linear recording density 44kbpi rilatively low for high reliability.The paper discusses the system design such as recording method,track format,error correcting system,and also system performance.The block error rate 3×10^<-3> was achieved even for the interchanged tape. 1000 In a previous paper,we have reported^<1)> the living nature in the anionic polymerization of 4-vinylphenyl-(<tert>___--butyldimethylsilyl)-sulfide,I.In this paper,we wish to discuss the anionic polymerization of 3-isopropenylphenyl-(<tert>___--butyldimethylsilyl)-sulfide,II,and 2-(4-vinylphenyl)-ethyl-(<tert>___--butyldimethylsilyl)-sulfide,III.Monomers,II and III were prepared via 3 steps from 3-isopropenylaniline and from 4-(2-bromoethyl)-styrene,respectively.Anionic polymerizations were carried out under high vacuum condition.The ^1H NMR spectra of poly(II) and poly(III) proved that the S-Si linkage was stable throughout the reaction and that only vinyl polymerization proceeded.Table summarizes the result of anionic polymerization of II and III.II gave polymer of narrow molecular weight distribution (MWD).This was the sharp contrast to the previously reported result of poly(I).In the case of III,polymers of predictable molecular weights and of narrow MWD's were obtained quantitatively with lithium counterion.Cumyl potassium gave poly(III) of relatively broad MWD.The cleavage of protecting groups from poly(III) was carried out under dilute acidic condition at r.t.The complete removal of silyl group was confirmed by NMR spectra.Soluble polymers containing aliphatic thiol groups were obtained quantitatively.1) Wakabayashi et al.,Polymer Preprints,Japan,<36>___-,252 (1987) 1001 Surface dynamics of the hydrophilic-hydrophobic block copolymer of poly(HEMA-b__--St-b__--HEMA)(HEMA = 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate,St = styrene) was previously reported^<1)>.In this study,a new block copolymer,poly[(MMA)-b__--( ^tBuMA)-b__--(p-OctSt)-b__--(MMA)]( ^tBuMA = tert-butyl methacrylate,p-OctSt = p-octyl styrene) was synthesized by anionic living polymerization and hydrolyzed with trimethylsilyl chloride, sodium iodide to give a hydrophilic-hydrophobic block copolymer,poly[(MMA)-b__--(MAA)-b__--(p-OctSt)-b__--(MAA)-b__--(MMA)](MAA = methacrylic acid) with well-defined chain structure.Surface structure of the block copolymer was studied by transmission electron micrographs(TEM) and contact angle measurements.Three-layer lamella structure of the block copolymer was observed by TEM.The polymer blends of the block copolymer and PMMA were found to contain characteristic polymer assembles of the block copolymer,which were in some cases observed to localize at the surface of the polymer blend.The block copolymer and the polymer blend were cast into films in air and in water.Contact angle of water on the surface of the film were measured.The values of contact angle of films cast in air were about 100° indicating that the top surface was covered with polyOctSt domain.Surface of the film prepared in water showed very small contact angle,55° suggesting that polyOctSt segment at the surface was replaced by polyMAA.Such reconstruction of the surface structure occurred repeatedly by drying the film in air and dipping it in water alternately.1) K.Suzuki,et al.,Polym.,Prep.,<38>___-,3090(1989) 1002 In this paper,an experiment to obtain the microwave aperture amplitude and phase distributions at 1.54GHz for the two-laser model optically controlled array antenna using the LD pumped Nd:YAG lasers.Then,antenna radiation characteristics calculated using the measured aperture distributions are discussed.The measured aperture distributions have spreads and imbalances.However,not only amplitude but also phase are stabilized and close to the theoretical values.The sidelobe levels of the radiation patterns which are about -25dB are higher than the theoretical levels because of the error of the aperture distributions.However,the shape of the main beams corresponds to the aperture diameters of the image masks. 1003 In this paper,beam scanning characteristics for the two-laser model optically controlled array antenna are investigated.The measured aperture distributions at 1.54GHz have spreads and imbalances when the circular pinhole image mask whose diameter is 50μm is moved ±25,±50μm across the axis of the Fourier transforming lens.However,the aperture amplitudes are almost kept unchanged and the phase gradient corresponding to mask shift is obtained.The sidelobe levels of the radiation patterns which are about-25dB are higher than the theoretical levels because of the error of the aperture distributions.However,we confirm beam scanning angle proportional to the shifting value of the image mask is obtained. 1004 The mechanism of D-galactose-induced lysis of E__-.<coli>___- was investigated using UDP-galactose(UDPGal)-4-epimerase deficient mutant,ara-207,of E__-.<coli>___- IFO 3545.Lysis of ara-207 cells was observed when grown in a nutrient broth containing D-galactose with accompanied accumulation of UDPGal.It was found that the level of UDPGal once increased immediately decreased along with spheroplast formation of the cells.Induction of UDP-sugar hyrolase(USH) with a hydrolytic activity on UDPGal was involved in the immediate disappearance of the compound in the bacterial cells.USH could hydrolyze UDP-N-acetylglucosamine,one of peptidoglycan precursors,to the same extent as UDPGal.To regulate the intracellular level of USH,a high expression vector was constructed by cloning USH gene into pUC18.The significance of USH is under investigation with respect to its effect on the bacterial growth,cell wall synthesis and morphogenesis. 1005 To realize Semi-Active Vibration Control,Variable Resistance Damper and Control System by modern control theory has been developed.To confirm motion of Variable Resistance Damper and Control System,we made the real samll scale Variable Resistance Damper and experiment by shaking table test.Semi-active Vibration Control System with Variable Resistance Damper can realize to reduce acceleration response the small level as Passive Control System and cut displacement response in half 1006 Tow color sensitization of benzophenone type photoreactive polyimide (PI) was investigated with using tetraphenylporphin (TPP),methyleneblue (MB),and perylene (PE) as sensitizers.Photoreaction of the polymer was monitored by the change in the molecular weights of the polymers measured with GPC.No change in the molecular weight for the PE-doped polyimide was found after photoirradiation of 430 nm light with a sultra-high pressure mercury lamp through a pyrex glass filter and an interference filter (KL42).For the MB-PI system,however,a decrease in the molecular weight of the polyer was observed after two color photoirradiation by a He-Ne laser (632.8nm) and an Ar^+ laser (488nm),while no change was observed for the sample of one color photoirradiation.The IR measurements indicate that carboxylic group or hydroxy group is produced during two color photoirradiation of MB-PI system,suggesting that photosensitized oxidation occurred in this case. 1007 Emission mechanism for polyimide derived from biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride(BPDA) and p-phenylene diamine(PDA).PI(BPDA, PDA) were studied with u.v.-vis.absorption and fluorescence spectra of a series of the model compounds.The absorption spectrum of a model compound synthesized from BPDA and aniline(AN).M(BPDA/AN) in hexafluoro-2-propanol(HFP) shows π.π ^* transition due to benzimide around 300-330 nm and n.π ^* transitions due to imide carbonyl group at about 340 nm.The compound is non-fluorescent in solution.For model compound from BPDA and cyclohexyl amine(CHA).M(BPDA/CHA) which does not form intramolecular charge-transfer(CT).the absorption spectrum is similar to that of M(BPDA/AN) except for the absorption strength and absorption tail.This indicates that 350 nm incident light is mainly absorbed to biphenyldiimide moiety rather than amine moiety.For M(BPDA/CHA).the fluorescence peaking at 430 nm in HFP at room temperature and phosphorescence peaking at 550 nm in toluene at 77 K were observed.But no monomer emission is observed for both M(BPDA/AN) in HFP solution and PI(BPDA/PDA) film.The result suggests the existence of an effective deactivation process for local excited state of biphenyldiimide moiety through intramolecular CT.Energy migration in PI(BPDA/PDA) solid was examined using steady-state fluorescence depolarizaton technique.With the increase in cure temperature.the fluorescence intensity increases due to the increase in CT complex population and fluorescence polarization decreases due to the increase in energy transfer efficiency between CT complexes. 1008 Intermolecular charge-transfer(CT) fluorescences of aromatic polyimides(PI) is sensitive to the molecular aggregation,and is also useful for monitoring thermal imidization and evaluation for miscibility of PI, PI blends.In this paper,the photophysical process in PI derived from biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride(BPDA)and p-phenylene diamine(PDA),PI(BPDA/PDA)was studied with u.v.-vis.absorption and fluorescence spectra of a series of the model compounds in dilute solution.As reported previously,PI(BPDA, PDA) has π,π ^*transition around 320nm due to biphenyldiimide units.In order to elucidate whether n,π ^*transition which is characteristic of carbonyl compounds presents in absorption tail of 320nm band,fluorescence polarization spectra of M(BPDA/CHA) derived from BPDA and cyclohexyl amine(CHA) were measured in PMMA(10^<-4>M).Figure 1 shows that the fluorescence anisotropy ratios r are constant in 320nm band,being about 0.3.On the basis of the upper limit of r value (0.4) for molecules dispersed in a highly viscous medium at low concentration(<10^<-4>),320nm π,π ^*band can be assigned to be the lowest singlet excited state S_1.This means that for M(BPDA/CHA) there is no n,π ^*transition in the absorption tail.The mirror image between the excitation and fluorescence also supports the assignment mentioned above.M(BPDA, CHA) shows structured fluorescence peaking at 385nm and phosphorescence(lifetime:several sec) peaking at 550nm in toluene at 77 K.From a general criterion for assignment of T_1 of aromatic carbonyl compounds(S_1-T_1 energy difference and phosphorescence lifetime),T_1 is assigned to be π,π ^*.The absorption and fluorescence spectra of M(BPDA, m-EA)(m-EA:meta-ethylaniline),M(BPDA/CHA),M(BPDA/o-TOL)(o-TOL:ortho-toluidine) and M(BPDA/i-PrA)(i-PrA:iso-propylaniline) were compared.For M(BPDA/m-EA) the conformation change around N-phenyl group is allowed,but that is sterically inhibited for M(BPDA/o-TOL) and M(BPDA/i-PrA).As shown in Figure 2,320nm band of M(BPDA/m-EA) shows no peak unlike that of M(BPDA/CHA).By bulky substituents at ortho-position,the absorption spectrum of M(BPDA/m-EA) approaches to that of M(BPDA/CHA) owing to inhibition of resonance between imide and phenyl groups.It was found from fluorescence spectra that M(BPDA/o-TOL) and M(BPDA/i-PrA) have CT character at excited state although they cannot form coplanar structure. 1009 Various kinds of benzyl sulfonium and pyridinium salts are reported as efficient thermally latent initiators.This report describes ability of benzyl phosphonium salts as thermally latent initiators for polymerization of epoxide.Benzyl group-substituted phosphonium salts were synthesized by the reaction of corresponding unsubstituted and p-substituted benzyl chlorides with triphenylphosphine followed by exchange of Cl^- with SbF_6^-.The activity of these initiators was evaluated in terms of the conversion of glycidyl phenyl ether(GPE) as estimated by ^1H NMR in the bulk polymerization of GPE.These benzyl phosphonium salts could initiate the polymerization of GPE at more than 100°C,indicating their thermal latency.The order of activity of the initiators was evaluated by both temperature-conversion curves(for 4h) and time-conversion curves at 155°C to be as follows:NO_2>Cl>H>CH_3>CH_3O.Namely,the polymerization was accelerated when the benzyl phosphonium salt having electron-withdrawing substituent on benzyl group was used.The effect of the p-substituents was different from those for the pyridinium and sulfonium salts. 1010 We have recently reported that N-benzyl pyridinium salts serve as thermally latent initiators and that the activity of them is controllable by chemical modifications of the benzyl and, or pyridine groups in the cationic polymerization of cyclic ethers and vinyl monomers.Recently,we have found that the liberated pyridine in the initiation step reacts with the propagating end to generate a polymeric pyridinium salt as a terminated end.Solution polymerization of styrene (1 M,in CH_2Cl_2)with 10 mol% of p-methoxybenzyl-o-cyanopyridinium hexafluoroantimonate (2) in the presence of 5 mol% of o-cyanopyridine afforded polystyrene having terminal N-benzylpyridinium salt (1) (conv.;53% at 10 °C for 63 h).1 was purified by HPLC (33% yield) and the structure of the obtained polymer was confirmed by NMR and IR to have a polystyrene having terminal N-benzylpyridinium salt structure.Block copolymer of styrene-epoxide (3) was obtained in the bulk polymerization of glycidyl t-butyl ether with 3 mol% of 1 at 120 °C for 5 min.Block copolymerization was confirmed by the comparison of both UV and RI curves in GPC of 1 and 3.This block copolymerization method with polymeric benzyl pyridinium salt is considered as one of the useful methods for synthesizing block copolymers. 1011 Various kinds of benzyl sulfonium and pyridinium salts have been demonstrated as efficient thermally latent initiators for cationic polymerization.This report describes ability and activity of benzyl phosphonium salts as thermally latent initiators for cationic polymerization.Benzyl group-substituted phosphonium salts were synthesized by the reaction of corresponding unsubstituted,monochloro- and dichloro- benzyl chlorides with triphenylphosphine followed by exchange of Cl^- with SbF_<6^->.The activity of these initiators was evaluated in terms of the conversion of glycidyl phenyl ether(GPE) as estimated by ^1H NMR in the bulk polymerization of GPE.These benzyl phosphonium salts could initiate the polymerization of GPE at more than 100°C,indicating their thermal latency.The order of activity of the initiators was determined by relative polymerization rate (k_R, k_H) to be as follows:NO_2>Cl>H>CH_3>CH_3O.Namely,the polymerization was accelerated by introducting electron-withdrawing substituent on benzyl group.The order of the activity was in reverse order to those for the pyridinium and sulfonium salts.These results can be explained by assuming that the polymerization was initiated by proton eliminated from benzyl position,and as the result,abstraction of benzyl proton yielded corresponding phosphonium ylide.Formation of the ylide was proved by trapping experiment with carbonyl compound.A mixture of 4-chlorobenzyl triphenylphosponium hexafloroantimonate,cyclohexene oxide,andbenzaldehyde was heated in a sealed tube(80°C,4h).From the reaction mixture a small amount of 4-chlorostilbene probably formed by Wittig reaction of the intermediate phosphonium ylide with benzaldehyde was obtained.No clear difference in activity was observed among 2-,3- and 4-chlorobenzyl phosphonium salts.On the other hand,2,6-dichlorobenzyl triphenylphosphonium salts had the lowest activity among 2,4-,3,4-,and 2,6-dichlorobenzyl derivatives owing to steric hindrance of 2,6-dichlorobenzyl group toward the abstraction of benzyl proton. 1012 We have reported that benzylsulfonium salts having low nucleophilic counter anion(ArCH_2S^+R_2),serve as efficient latent thermal initiators for cationic polymerization of epoxides and styrenes.The benzylsulfonium salt ar decomposed to give benzyl cation which initiaties the polymerization.Sulfide(RSR)formed in the decomposition interact with the propagating species.In this paper,cationic ring-opening isomerization polymerization of spiroorthocarbonate(SOC)with p-methoxybenzylsulfonium salts(1:R=(CH_2)_4,2:R=Et,and 3:R= ^iPr)is descr from viewpoint of role of the initiator.Activity of the sulfonium salts depended on the bulkiness of the substituent(R)and its order was 3>2>1w was in reverse order to the degree of the termination(1>2>3).Rate of the termination decreased as the bulkine the substituent(R)increased.The results suggest that the sulfide probably liberated from the sulfonium salt plays important role in the propagation,i.e.SOC and the eliminated sulfides competitively attack at the propagating spe Since the polymerization of SOC with the benzylsulfonium salts was reported to proceed quantitatively at 120°C,t mixture obtained by the polymerization at 50°C for 72 h was heated at 120°C.From time-conversion curves of thi polymerization,the sulfonium-terminated polymer could initiate the polymerization of SOC at 120°C to give rise to 100% conversion of SOC.This result revealed that the termination occurred at 50°C was attributed to the sulfide liberated in the initiaton step.Then,propylsulfonium salt having carbonate group at γ-position was synthesized as terminating model sulfonium salt.The polymerization of SOC with the propylsulfonium salt did not occur at 50°C took place at 120°C.Therefore,the sulfides liberated from the sulfonium salts in the initiation step interacted with propagating species in the cationic ring-opening isomerization polymerization of SOC. 1013 Pyridinium Salts bearing benzyl group and low nucleophilic counter anion serve as thermally latent initiator for cationic polymerization.In the polymerization with benzyl pyridinium salts benzyl cation initiates the polymerization and the propagating species is attacked not only by monomer but also pyridine,especially in the latter term.In this paper,synthesis of polymer benzyl pyridinium salts obtained by the cationic polymerization of styrene with benzyl pyridinium salts and cationic polymerization of another monomer with them for synthesis of block copolymers.Substituted and unsubstituted cyanopyridinium hexafluoro-antimonates were prepared by the reactions of corresponding benzyl bromides with cyanopyridines followed by exchange of Br^- with SbF_<6^->.Cationic polymerization of styrene with various pyridinium salts proceeded by heating at more than 40°C.Although unsubstituted benzyl derivatives(1a,1b)could not initiate the polymerization at lower than 100°C,substituted benzyl-2-cyanopyridinium salts(2b,2c)were quite active enough to give polystyrene by heating at 60-80°C for 30 min.Pyridine-terminated polystyrenes(PTPSs)were prepared by the polymerization of styrene with pmethoxybenzyl-2-cyanopyridinium salt(2c)in the presence of 2-cyanopyridine in dichloromethane at 10°C.APTPS was purified by separation with HPLC followed by precipitation into n-hexane to afford PTPS-3 of which structure was determined by IR and NMR spectra.Molecular weight of PTPS-3 was estimated by ^1H NMR to be 877.PTPSs were used for cationic polymerization of epoxides in which the corresponding polymers were obtained.When the polymerization of t-butyl glycidyl ether(TBGE)with PTPS3 was carried out at 120°C for 5 min.,polymer with a single modal GPC peak was obtained and concluded to be the corresponding block copolymer.This study provides a new method for synthesis of block copolymer by utilizing an end-reactive polymer obtained by the polymerization with benzyl pyridinium salts. 1014 For starting a gas turbine engine,it is required to accelerate the engine to idle in a short time without turbine over-heating or compressor surge.On this process,the characteristics of the engine are largely affected by starting conditions,and the characteristics vary enormously as the engine speed increases.Therefore,to control the engine by feedback control method during starting is very difficult.This paper deals with the starting control which satisfies the above-mentioned requirements by applying the fuzzy control effectively. 1015 In 3-D object recognition,object features are often represented by directional data.Although a lot of research has been carried out on feature extraction from 3-D object images,validity of the matching measures has not been examined enough.Directional data have periodic ranges,but they are treated as data having 1-D Euclidean structures.Therefore,slight difference in 3-D space sometimes causes great distance in the Euclidean space.Such a method is not robust against noise,in addition to the case where objects are rotated.In this paper,we introduce spherical correlation coefficients to overcome such problems,and show that this method can be applied to 3-D object recognition. 1016 Molecular design of new functional polymers has been carried out,starting from macromonomer with ethylenediamine unit.The polyamine copolymer was prepared by the polyaddition reaction of diisocyanate-terminated polyamine with diisocyanated polyethyleneglycol in the presence of diamine as the chain extender.Polyamine copolymer films were prepared casting the polymer from N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) solution.The pH-response of polyamine copolymer films was investigated with varying pH by HCl-NaOH 10^<-2>mol, l solution.Copolymer films of 72mol% polyamine content was swelled at nearby pH5.9 at which the protonation degree (a) of polyamine was 0.5.This behavior is dependent on the drastic conformational change in polyamine segment.As an increase in the ionic concentration by NaCl solution,their films swelled around turbidity point.A hysteresis effect of swelling-contraction behavior on the varying pH was found with the films of polyamine copolymer.A skin-layer formation was observed on the surface of swollen films of polyamineurea. 1017 Polyolefine and nylon alloys are immiscible polymer alloys.It is noteworthy that an impact strength depends on microphase dispersed structure.The objectives of this study are to synthesize <the low molecular weight polypropylene(LPP)>___- modified with maleic anhydride(MA) and to evaluate <these modified LPP(MPP)>___- as compatibilizers for nylon 6(PA6) and polypropylene(PP) blend.We compound PA6, PP/MPP=70/30/5(phr),and examine the microphase dispersed structure,and test the impact strength.When the grafted MA content per one molecular LPP goes up to 1 or the ratio of MA to residual amino groups in PA6 goes up to 0.4,dispersed PP particle size is 1-2 μm and so an izod impact strength is increased.Our results suggest the feasibility of MPP containing at least one molar MA as reactive compatibilizers for PA6 and PP blend. 1018 A wide variety of bacteria produce optically active copolymers of 3-hydroxybutyrate and 3-hydroxyvalerate (PHB-HV).It is known that the crystalline phase of these copolymers composed of both HB and HV units.This phenomenon is called isomorphism.In a previous study,it was shown that the comonomer composition in the crystalline phase is not equal to the composition of a whole copolymer,but changes with the composition of a whole copolymer.In this study,we clarifies the relationship between melting temperature and comonomer composition in the crystalline phase of the PHB-HV containing 55.4% HV (PHB-55.4%-HV).PHB-55.4%-HV samples were isothermally crystallized at various crystallization temperature.These samples have various melting temperatures.The partitioning of comonomer units between the crystalline and amorphous phases in these PHB-55.4%-HV samples using high-resolution solid-state ^<13>C NMR spectroscopy.The HV mole fraction of PHB-55.4%-HV increases with melting temperature.This phenomenon suggests that the comonomer composition in the crystalline phase depends on crystallization temperature in isomorphic copolymers. 1019 Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)(PHB) is a crystalline polyester of large technological interest,because it is a truly biodegradable and highly biocompatible polymer.However,stiffness and brittleness of PHB,due to relatively high melting temperature and crystallinity,have limited its use.In order to obtain new useful materials,polymer blends based on PHB have been studied.Here,we have attempted blending PHB with PVA,which is a biodegradable crystalline polymer.In addition we have investigated the thermal behavior and miscibility for blends. 1020 This paper describes an effective post-processing method for correcting Optical Character Reader(OCR)output which is generated from a Japanese document written by hand.A feedback mechanism between the character segmentation module and the post-processing module is added to our OCR system to solve the character segmentation ambiguity.In our post-processing process,candidate characters are screened and placed in better orders prior to word matching for the efficiency,then,a fast word matching process is used to locate similar words,and finally,the logic of connecting words is checked by using morphological analysis to correct character-recognition errors. 1021 This paper discusses the novel design method of a highly efficient chromatic dispersion equalizer for several thousand km long coherent optical transmission system.The fesaibility for proposed equalizer was confirmed through a 2.5Gb, s CPFSK 764km normal dispersion fiber transmission experiment (total dispersion = 13000ps/nm).Also the dispersion compensation limit was estimated using both computer simulation and experimental results. 1022 A polarization controlled switch has been proposed for survival fiber network construction.The switching performance was demonstrated for FSK modulated FDM signals.The FDM signals were switched simultaneously and no degradation was observed in the bit error rate performance.The switch has an almost flat performance in the 1.51--1.59μm wavelength range,which is much wider than that of the gain spectrum of the Er^<3+>-doped optical amplifier.The polarization controlled switch is advantageous,because the performance is independent of the modulation number and type.This means that this switch can be installed in advance,and will not need to be replaced,when a new transmission system is introduced. 1023 Virtual environment,which is created by computer graphics and an appropreate user interface,can be used in many application fields,such as,teleoperation,communication and real time simulation.In this report,cooperative work environment using virtual environment,where more than two people can solve problems cooperatively with shared environment,are proposed.Especially,the design policy of the environment and its implementaions are described. 1024 This research deals with 3D modelling of human face from image sequence.A person sitting in a swelling chair rotates around a vertical axis and his continous images are capthed by a video camera.The basic scheme to recover the face model is shape from contour or silhouettes.We extract rotation from images and record color on the face for rendering.These are realized by tracking marks on an epipolar plane image and by generating a dynamic projection image.We obtained nice results and the algorithm is promissing to be done in real time. 1025 Stereo is expected to be the most common vision for intelligent robots in the future as it is for human beings.The first problem of stereo is to find corresponding points between the two images.Many algorithms have been proposed to solve this correspondence problem.Most of them use edge points,especially zero-crossings of the second derivatives of images,for units of correspondence.Another problem of edge-based stereo is that it cannot afford surface information between edges.Then,a surface is interpolated between edges by relaxation based on local intensity gradients of shading on the surface.This paper,on the other hand,presents a method to directly recover curved surfaces by stereo using isoluminance contours detected in shading for units of correspondence. 1026 In the case of stereo measuring in the 3-dimensional world,it is difficult to obtain the sufficient accuracy in the outside world compared to the structured indoor environment,since the length of the base line is not enough for the distance between the objects and cameras.We propose to move a single camera and to match images of which the length of the base line is long enough for measurement.This paper reports methods and experimental results of the primitive based correspondence and the estimation of the motion of the camera. 1027 This paper proposes a universal-coding-rate scarce-state-transition (UC-SST) Viterbi decoder to realize high-speed one-chip forward error correction(FEC)CMOS LSIC.To reduce power dissipation of high-coding-rate Viterbi decoders,the proposed decoder expands a scarce-state-transition (SST) Viterbi decoding scheme from coding rate 1, 2 to any higher coding rate decoders.In order to employ SST Viterbi decoding scheme for high-coding-rate convolutional codes,a pre-decoding scheme for the convolutional codes is newly developed.The computer simulation results show drastic reduction of the ON-OFF switching of CMOS gates (60% reduction at Pe=1x10^<-4>,R=7/8) and proportional power dissipation reduction is expected.Moreover,the SST scheme applied for high-coding-rate decoders shows more power dissipation reduction than that of coding rate 1/2 decoders. 1028 The multi layer MMIC technologies have high degree of freedome for arranging circuits,and are effective for miniaturizing.By using multi layer MMIC technologies,the multi branch wilkinson power divider is configurated easily.It is difficult to configulating it under the former MMIC or MIC technologies in which circuits are arranged on one plane surface.In this paper,the structures and the features of the multi branch power divideres which have the input 1, 4 wavelength impedance transfer are described.And,the charcteristics of the manufactured 2,4 and 8 divider are mentioned. 1029 The demands for building construction have been increased in recent days.For the reduction of site engineer's load,it has become an important subject to establish the computer system of site management task.So we have made the reduction of the manpower in scheduling task by using a personal computer.The operation of this system has become easy by graphically displaying schedules on CRT and making the man-machine interface user-friendly.This paper describes the practices and it's effects of this scheduling system in large scale construction projects. 1030 Recently,it was reported that liquid crystalline polymers,such as polyesters,polyamides and vinyl polymers have been interesting considerably in the field of fiber and plastics production.Liquid-crystalline polyurethane,which contains rigid and mesomorphic units in the main chain,is particularly noteworthy in connection with the materiales with high strength and high modulus.However,the most of liquid crystalline polyurethanes have relatively high transition temperature and low molecular weight.In this study,we wish to report the synthesis and liquid crystalline behavior of high molecular weight thermotropic polyurethanes containing mesogenic biphenyl groups and a flexible spacer in the main chain.A solution polyaddition of bis[hydroxyalkyleneoxy]biphenyl derivatives with a new monomer,2,5-toluene diisocyanate(2,5-TDI) in DMF at 80°C gave a high molecular weight thermotropic polyurethanes.Thermal analysis by DSC and observation of the resulted polyurethanes on a hot-stage of a polarizing optical microscope showed nematic liquid crystallinity and the wide angle X-ray diffraction patterns indicated crystalline behavior. 1031 This paper describes the measuring device for overall and convective heat transfer on the external surface of glass at an opening under shortwave radiant environments.We examine this measuring device by making clearthe relation between wind velocity and externalsurface temperdsature of glass and convective heat transfer coefficient on the external surface of glass.The experimental results indicated that shading coefficient was calculated using overall heat transfer on external surface of glass at an opening,had refrected the heat characteristics of shading devices. 1032 Surfaces such as north-facing walls and swimming pool-side decks are prone to experience greenish color change,most of which is caused by the growth of microalgae.We have observed the presence of microalgae such as <Chlorella>___- sp.,<Ulothrix>___- sp.and <Oscillateria>___- sp..Tests on accelerated microalgae growth using a sandstone medium revealed that algae grew as the surface became thoroughly damp,as moisture penetrated from the surface to the interior of the porous sandstone.When the surface of the sandstone was treated with a water-repellent agent,the growth of microalgae on the sandstone surface was reduced. 1033 Surfaces such as north-facing walls and swimming pool-side decks are prone to experience greenish color change,most of which is caused by the growth of microalgae.We have observed the presence of microalgae such as <Chlorella>___- sp.,<Ulothrix>___- sp.and <Oscillateria>___- sp..Tests on accelerated microalgae growth using a sandstone medium revealed that algae grew as the surface became thoroughly damp,as moisture penetrated from the surface to the interior of the porous sandstone.When the surface of the sandstone was treated with a water-repellent agent,the growth of microalgae on the sandstone surface was reduced. 1034 A new system using pellet flocculation and fluidized bed separator followed by a biological filter has been devised.By way of metal coagulant addition not only suspended and colloidal inorganic and organic matters but also phosphate are removed effectively.Reduction of coarse organic substances which is usually hardly degradable in biological procedures gives easiness to use biological filter with relatively short detention period of about 1 hour after the fluidized rapid separation process to complete the system. 1035 To study the relation between drug release rate and swelling rate,hydrophobic indomethacin was loaded into hydrophilic matrices of poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide(IPAAm)-co-buthyl methacrylate (BMA)) whose hydrophilicity can be varied by temperature without changing chemical structure.Drug release experiments were performed in phosphate buffered saline.As temperature was lower(15,10,5°C),equilibrium swelling ratios were larger and swelling kinetics from dry state were more sigmoid in shape.Swelling rate and release rate were accelerated at the same time.At 20°C when equilibrium swelling ratio was smaller,both swelling and release curves were proportional to time except a certain initial period.The influx rate of water to device had an effect on the drug release rate. 1036 The controlled release system of insulin responding to glucose concentration is very useful for the patients of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.In this study,a IPN (Interpenetrating polmer networks) gel composed of boronic acid-containing polymer and polyvinylalcohol was prepared,and the swelling was measured in HEPES buffer(pH8.5) at various glucose concentration.The glucose sensitive IPN gel was synthesized with polyvinylalcohol (PVA),N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMAA),3-methacrylamidophenylboronic acid(MAPB),DMSO as a solvent,polyethyleneglycol diacrylate(PEGDAA) as a crosslinker and t-butyl peroxyoctoate as an initiator.The monomer solution was bubbled with dried nitrogen gas for 20min and injected between two Mylar sheets separated by a gasket and backed by glass plates.The solution was polymerized at 60°C in a constant temperature oven for 12h.The swelling measurement was carried out in HEPES buffer(pH8.5) using the resulting IPN gel at 37°C.It was found that the swelling rate of the IPN gel composed of boronic acid-containing polymer and polyvinylalcohol was increased with increasing glucose concentration.It is considered that phenyl boronic acid was binded with glucose and the polyol of PVA was dissociated from phenyl boronic acid sites.Reversible swelling changes,i.e.higher swelling ratio at high glucose concentration(500mg, dl) and lower swelling ratio at 0mg/dl,in response to step-wise glucose concentration changes between low and high glucose concentration.These results suggest that the controled release of insulin responding to glucose concentration is possible by the use of device with the IPN gel composed of boronic acid-containing polymer and polyvinylalcohol. 1037 A new mechanical damper based on a new mechanism was made by mixing piezoelectric ceramic grains and electro-conductive carbon black(CB)particles into a polymeric matrix.Mechanical vibration energy,transmitted to the ceramic grains,is converted into alternating electrical potential energy by the piezoelectric effect and is further converted into Joule's heat through the conduction paths between the CB particles in the polymeric matrix.The optimum processing condition of composites to damping properties was discussed.As a result,the following points were classified.The degree of vibration (damping time constant) can be varied continuously by changing the volume fraction of the conductive particles.At a given loading content of ceramics and CB,a piezoelectric ceramic having a higher electromechanical coupling factor has a higher damping efficiency in piezoelectric polymer composites.The damping time constant becomes a minimum for the particular conductivity corresponding to a maximum of damping efficiency. 1038 This series of study aims to know the dispersion of silica fume in concrete.The dispersion of silica fume,cement and the two mixture were studied using laser diffraction particle size analyzer.This study showed that silica fume particle agglomerate mainly on cement particle surface and they partly exist between cement particles with or without agglomeration. 1039 The results obtained by the measurement of particle size distributions of high strength concrete showed that agglomerated particles of silica fume and agglomeration between cement particles and silica fume particles existed in concrete together.In order to ascertain these phenomena,cement-silica fume paste was observed by SEM and laser microscope.It was found that silica fume particles were agglomerated and some silica fume particles coated cement particles.Silica fume coating,however,didn't occur uniformly,These results ascertained the mesurement of particle size distribution analysis. 1040 The effect of the properties of silica fume on the properties of high strength concrete was undertaken.14 different types of silica fume were tested for experimental study.Among the chemical and physical properties of silica fume,degree of dispersion which was expressed by the ratio of the amount of particles under 1μm was found to improve the strength development and reduce shrinkage of high strength concrete. 1041 Synthesis of carbon materials bearing specific pore size is one of the important subject in the carbon chemistry,since such type of materials is expected to absorb various organic materials selectively.We have explored the ability of main group metal compound together with closely related lanthanide compounds in the formation of specific size of pores in carbon.The starting composites were prepared by mixing 2-5 mol% of t-BuMgCl,9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane,Al(OiPr)_3,Yb(C_5H_4SiMe_3)_2 or YbI_2(THF) with petroleum pitch(softening point 82°C) in THF.After evaporation of the mixture,the composites were heat treated by two method,i.e.(A) carbonized at 900°C and then steam invigoration was applied,(B) mixture was blended with hard pitch (softening point 280°C) in a 1:1 ratio,and steam invigoration was carried out at 900°C for 10-30 min. 1042 Recently,the existence of cellulose Iα and Iβ was revealed.Cellulose Iα changes irreversibly into Iβ,though the both have parallel chain packing.Na-cellulose I and cellulose III prepared from cellulose Iα and Iβ kept the characteristics of the origins on their ^<13>C NMR spectra,namely their Cl and C4 signals were singlet and doublet,respectively.They could back to their origin structure,and Iα family changed irreversibly into Iβ family.The common characteristics of the Cl and C4 signals suggested that the irreversibility came from the differences of stability between skeletal chain conformations common in the each famillies. 1043 Some species of the gram negative aerobe Acetobacter xylinum(A.xylinum)have the ability to synthesize cellulose as an extracellular polysaccharide.Cellulose is an unbranched β(1,4)linked glucose homopolymer and insoluble in water.Bacterial cellulose produced by A.xylinum appears on the surface of the culture as a thick pellicle.It possesses high mechanical strength and high biodegradability.Many researchers have reported that some species of Acetobacter only produce water-soluble polysaccharide extracellularly and some species of A.xylinum produce both of water-soluble glucan and cellulose.We have observed to isolate and purify the novel water-soluble,extracellular polysaccharides mixture,which is mannose-rich(glucose:mannose,1:9),from the culture of A.xylinum actively producing cellulose and have proposed the characterization of its chemical structure.From the results of NMR,IR,acidic hydrolysis and methylation analysis,the existence ofα(1,3),α(1,2),β(1,6)linkages of mannose have been demonstrated.We have investigated to synthesize bacterial cellulose composite(BCC),which contains the water-soluble polysaccharide,and also to study its biodegradability.The growth conditions of bacteria producing water-soluble polysaccharide and yield of cellulose are shown in Tables 1 and 2.IR spectra of water-soluble polysaccharides synthesized by NBI 1005 and 1022 and NBC(Native BC)and BCC are shown in Figs.1 and 2.From these data,it is suggested that the synthesis of the BCC have been possible by mix-incubation of the two strains(NBI 1005 and 1051)on H&S(Suc.)medium. 1044 Bacterial cellulose productivity has been enhanced by the presence of small amounts of denatured cellulase as high as three times that of the standard culture.The productivity is dependent on cellulase species or concentration and pH of the medium as well as the strains of Acetobacter xylinum.The highest productivity obtained in the present work are as follows.The strain,NBI1051 produced 49.5mg of bacterial cellulose in 15ml of Hestrin-Schramm medium(2% glucose etc.)included 0.5% of Cellulase AP.This corresponds to a yield of 16.5% based on glucose concentration in the medium.The optimum pH for the medium was 5.9 in all strains and cellulase species.Cellulase ONOZUKA R-10 has been fractionated by FPLC chromatography system on columns of Mono Q and Superdex 75,and divided into three classes,endoglucanase,exoglucanase and β-glucosidases.Each of the fraction denatured were evaluated by cellulose production.Both of cationic and anionic β-glucosidase(O.I % addition)were the most effective for the production.The denatured cellulase has a strong affinity for Whatman cellulose powder or Avicel.It appears to play an important role in the action of activator or the reaction sites for cellulose biosynthesis in Acetobacter xylinum. 1045 A synthetic aperture radar is used to obtain high resolution ground maps and microwave images of stationary targets on the ground.In the case of observing a moving target,the Doppler shift caused by target motion generates focusing error and registration error.We propose a novel synthetic aperture radar with multiple-beams and a moving target indicator to generate a high resolution radar image of a moving target without registration error. 1046 A target recognition system which obtains images of non-cooperative moving targets by means of radar is described.The motion and the aspect of the target is estimated from its radar tracking data.The estimated motion and aspect angle are used to calculate the RCS(radar cross section)response of the 3D library model targets.The resulting RCS responses are used to create model images.These images are then compared with the obtained radar image by a pattern matching algorithm designed for the characteristics of radar images.Recognition is based on the calculated probability of match.Simulation results are given. 1047 We have studied call processing software architecture to be applied to private communication systems which support multi-connection communications and multi-party communications.First,we discuss how to apply the separation method of call control and bearer connection control which is discussed for B-ISDN at CCITT etc.And we propose the remote access method from call control applications to bearer connection control applications.It is effective for distributed communication systems which consist of small scale switching nodes.Second,we clear requirements for an interface between the call control application and the bearer connection control application. 1048 The color rendering properties of tri-color fluorescent lamps were improved with improved blue phosphor.The chemical composition of divalent europium-activated alkaline earth metal chlorophosphate phosphor(apatite) was re-investigated.The emission color of this phosphor changes depending on the ratio of alkaline earth species(Ca,Sr,Ba);the y-value varies from 0.03 to 0.38.The average color rendering index of the lamp,whose fluorescent layer is composed of this blue apatite,green (La,Ce,Tb)PO_4 and red Y_2O_3:Eu,varies with y-value of this phosphor.For daywhite(N) lamps,Ra=91 is the best value with y=0.250 blue phosphor,and Ra=88 is practically achieved without reducing the luminous flux with y=0.180 one. 1049 This paper discussed methodologies for the efficient implementation of OSI application layer software by assembling reusable software components of ASEs(Application Service Elements).To the methodologies,we have proposed the Stack approach and the SACF approach.In the Stack approach,application layer software is realized by the stack of different combination of ASE modules in each application context,and in the SACF approach,the software module of SACF(Single Association Control Function)is introduced,which dynamically controls the coordination of ASE modules depending on each application context. 1050 Abstract syntaxes of data elements in OSI application layer protocols are defined by using Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1),and for the encoding of these data elements in transfer syntaxes,Basic Encoding Rules (BER) has been standardized as an international standard.BER has been widely applied to various application layer protocols.However,it becomes necessary to realize high-speed ASN.1 encode, decode to avoid the bottle-neck at end systems under high-speed communication network environments such as high-speed LAN and B-ISDN(ATM etc.).For the purpose of enabling the high-speed ASN.1 encode/decode,standardization of Light Weight Encoding Rules(LWER)is under way as one of the new encoding rules,which is based on the internal data representation in computers.It is expected that LWER will be widely utilized in OSI systems under high-speed communication network environment.In order to implement various OSI application layer protocol programs which handle LWER effectively,we have developed the automatic generator (or compiler) of LWER encoder/decoder programs from abstract syntax definitions by ASN.1.In this paper,we clarified the mechanisms for generating encode/decode programs of LWER and ensured the effectiveness of the compiler through the evaluation of the encoding/decoding time and generated program size.Especially,the encoding/decoding time for the typical data structure was 20 times faster than that in BER. 1051 We describe a simulator program for testing the execution control facilities of a distributed object-oriented switching program.In this program,objects in different nodes of a telecommunication network process calls by exchanging messages.A terminal,switching node,or service control node is simulated by a Unix process.Physical communication channels between terminals and nodes are simulated by inter-process communication using Unix sockets.An object is simulated by a thread in a process.The simulated network is easy to reconfigure because the number and location of nodes and terminals can be changed by software.Multiprocessing and I, O equipment in a node are simulated by thread facilities.This allows switching programs to be tested in an environment similar to a real one. 1052 The program update on the fly for object-oriented switching programs is described.The aim is to update the programs at run time in such ways not to interfere call processing and to localize the effects of the update.This paper describes dynamic object replacement.From that point of view,we classify types of objects and replacement patterns.Then,we show the replacement procedures for some specific combinations of object types and replacement patterns.Finally,we describe the functions which are necessary for performing dynamic object replacement. 1053 The polycondensation of the salts of 3,3',4,4'-Oxydiphthalic acid(ODP)and aliphatic diamines having 6-12 metylene units under high pressure was investigated.The high pressure polymerization was carried out in a sealed teflon capsule by using a piston-cylinder type hot pressing apparatus.In this process,the polycondensation leading to polyimides proceeded rapidly in a single stage.The polyimide having inherent viscosities in the range of 0.3-1.3 dL, g(in conc.H_2SO_4) was obtained from the polymerization of the salt of ODP and 1,8-Octamethylenediamine under 250-62OMPa at 140-330 C for 3-30h.This polymer was found to have high crystallinity by means of DSC and WAXD measurement.When the reaction was conducted under the ordinary pressure above or below Tm of the salt,the polymer obtained was amorphous and insoluble due to a side reaction.These results showed that the pressure probably induced crystallization of the polymer and depressed a side reaction.Since a few Tm transitions for the polymer were observed,which were dependent on the reaction conditions,the polymer has probably different crystal structures. 1054 We have already synthesized aromatic polyamides having buldy and rigid 2,2'-biphenylylene unit along the polymer backbone starting from 2,2'-bis(p-aminophenoxy)biphenyl and aromatic dicarboxylic acids.This paper deals with the preparation and characterization of new aromatic polyimides from 2,2'-bis(p-aminophenoxy)biphenyl I and various aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides II.The polycondensation of I and II was carried out at room temperature for 6 h in NMP,producing aromatic polyamic acids.They were cast into films,followed by heat treatment,giving polyimides with inherent viscosities of 0.69-0.99 dL, g in H_2SO_4. Some of these polyimides were soluble in NMP,DMAc,and DMF.The glass transition temperatures were found by DSC to be 200-235°C.The thermogravimetry of these polymers showed that they were stable to 400-470°C in an inert atmosphere and 10% weight loss temperatures were 505-570°C. 1055 Polyamic acid alkylesters having long aliphatic side chain (n=10--18) and rigid aromatic main chain were synthesized from p-phenylenediamide and 2,5-bis(alkyl alchoxy carbonyl)-terephtaloyl dichloride by the solution polycondensation in the presence of propyleneoxide.Polyamic acid alkylesters were insoluble or forming gel in many organic solvents.It seemed that the cause of gelation was the difference of solubility between the aliphatic side chain and aramid main chain,and the polymers were only soluble in the mixture of HMPA and benzene.When this mixture solvent was used,the polymers having inherent viscosities of 1.0 -- 3.0 dL, g were obtained.It seemed that the polyamic acid alkylesters showed liquid crystallity because of their molecular structure,but the polymers didn't melt the lower temperatures than 180°C which was the imidization starting tempereture.In DMSO gel,because large birefringent petterns was observed,ordered structure such as crystal or liquid cristal should be formed.The polyamic acid alkylesters could be easily fabricated to fibers,when the polymer solution was poured into methanol.This fiber could be drawn and oriented,and converted into poly(p-phenyrenepyromellitimide) fiber by heating.High orientation of polyimide fiber prepared drawn polyamic acid alkylesters also showed high orientation from the X-ray obsarvation,and exhibited excellent mechanical properties. 1056 This article deals with the preparation and characterization of new aromatic polyamides from 2,2'-bis(p-carboxyphenoxy)biphenyl I or 2,2'-bis(p-carboxyphenoxy)-1,1'-binaphthyl II and various aromatic damines.The polycondensation was carried out at -10°C for 1 h and then at room temperature for 5 h under nitrogen atmosphere by using the monomers (2.5 mmol) and propylene oxide (0.7 mL) in NMP (5 ml),producing aromatic polyamides IV and V with inherent viscosities of 0.58 -1.46 dL, g,and 0.57 -1.30 dL/g,respectively,in H_2SO_4.These polymers were soluble in DMAc,NMP,and DMSO.Transparent and flexible films of these polymers could be cast from the DMAc solutions.The X-ray diffraction studied revealed that all the polymers V were amorphous.Thus,the amorphous nature of these polymers was reflected in their excellent solubility.The glass transition temperatures of polyamides IV and V were found to be in the range of 210 -272 °C and 260 -315 °C,respectively,by DSC.The thermogravimetry of these polymers showed that they were stable to 390-430 °C in an inert atmosphere and the 10 % weight loss temperatures were around 450 - 520°C.The glass transition temperatures of polyamides V derived from 2,2'-bis(p-carboxyphenoxy)-1,1'-binaphthyl were about 50°C higher than polyamides IV derived from 2,2'-bis(p-carboxyphenoxy)biphenyl due to difference of rigidity between binaphthyl and biphenyl units.The solubility studies revealed that polyamides V had better solubility than polyamides IV in many organic solvents,in which the binaphthyl structure is more bulky than biphenyl. 1057 Novel Two-Step Synthesis of Polybenzothiazoles via Precursor Polyamide from 2,5-Bis(cyanoethylthio)-1,4-Phenylenediamine and Aromatic Dicarboxylic Acid ChloridesAromatic Polybenzothiazoles have been known as a class of aromatic heterocyclic polyners that exhibit excellent thermal stability.High molecular weight aromatic polybenzothiazoles have usually been prepared directly by high-temperature solution polycondensation of aromatic bis(o-aminothiols)with aromatic dicarboxylic acids by using polyphosphoric acid that acts as both reaction medium and condensing agent.Since aromatic polybenzothiazoles are insoluble in common organic solvents,the potential utility of polybenzothiazoles have been restricted.Recently,we have synthesized isopropylthio-pendant and methoxycarbonylethylthiopendant aromatic precursor polyamides which were soluble and subjected to thermal conversion to the corresponding polybenzothiazoles.We designed a new 2,5-dimercapto-1,4-phenylenediamine derivative for the synthesis of precursor polyamides having pendant cyanoethylthio groups in order to reduce the weight loss during the thermal cyclization and convert to the corresponding polybenzothiazoles at a lower temperature than that for the,polyamides which have been reported.The precursor polyamides were prepared by the low-temperature solution polycondensation in NMP or NMP containing lithium chloride.Various aromatic polyamides having pendant cyanoethylthio groups were obtained in inherent viscosities of 0.83-1.97dL, g.The soluble precursor polyamides were converted by heating at a temperature of 230-350°C to the corresponding polybenzothiazoles having inherent viscosities-of 1.94 dL/g(in methanesulfonic acid).The pyrolysis GC-MS analysis of the polyamide showed that the thermal cyclization occurred with elimination of acrylonitrile and water by heating the polyamide at 350°C under nitrogen.The X-ray diffraction studies for the polyamides revealed that most of the polyamides had fair degree of crystallinity.The dynamic mechanical analysis showed that the polyamide obtained from the diamine and 4,4'-oxydibenzoyl chloride and the corresponding polybenzothiazole had glass transition temperature of 158 and 350°C,respectively.The Polybenzothiazoles obtained from the precursor polyamides showed excellent thermal properties which were comparable to those of- the Polybenzothiazoles synthesized by solution polycondensation in polyphosphoric acid. 1058 This paper shows that any common witness problem based on NP problems has a minimum knowledge interactive bi-proof system.Previous research involved only random self-reducible problems,and this result extends to NP problems.This implies that we can directly construct undeniable signature schemes for NP problems.Furthermore this paper gives a new characterization of interactive bi-proof systems. 1059 Polygalactosamine is a naturally occurring polysacchariae from Paecilomyces species and has 1,4- αbackbone structure.We have successively reported the synthesis of sulfated polysaccharides with potent anti-AIDS virus activities.In this report,we wish to describe the sulfation of polygalactosamine and the dependence of structure,molecular weight,and degree of sulfation of the obtained sulfates on anti-AIDS virus activity.Polygalactosamine was sulfated with three kinds of sulfating reagents:piperidine N-sulfonic acid,chlorosulfonic acid in pyridine,and pyridine sulfur trioxide complex.Sulfated polygactosamines inhibited the infection of AIDS virus in a concentration of 1.64μg, ml (EC_<50>) and a lower cytotoxity (CC_<50> =>1000μ g/ml).Relationship between the structure of sulfated polygalactosamine and their anti-AIDS virus activity is now under investigation. 1060 Polygalactosamine is a naturally occurring linear polysaccharide from Paecilomyces species and has backbone of 1,4-α-linked D-galactosamine units.In this study,polygalactosamine was sulfated by two kinds of such sulfating reagents as chlorosulfonic acid and pyridine sulfur trioxide complex.When the sulfation was carried out with chlorosulfonic acid in pyridine,the obtained sulfated polygalactosamines had degree of sulfation(DS) of 1.4--2.1.Sulfated polygalactosamines by sulfation of pyridine sulfur trioxide complex in pyridine had the DS of 1.5-- 2.3.Sulfated polygalactosamines inhibited the infection of AIDS virus in the concentration of 1.0 μg, ml (EC50) which is a 50% effective concentration and showed lower cytotoxicity>1000 μg/ml (CC50). 1061 Poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA)hydrogel have been developed for biomedical applications such as artificial blood vessel,synthetic vitreous and implantable medical material^<1,2)>.The membrane surface with the cationic charge is known to be enhanced the cell attachment and growth^<3)>.An RGD(Arg-Gly-Asp)peptide was identified as the minimal active core peptide sequence common to adhesive proteins^<4)>,and the cell adhesive and growth rate was studied by the chemical fixation of the RGD-containing peptide on PVA film's surface^<5)>.We developed a method of synthesis of poly(allylbiguanido-co-allylamine)(PAB),which was containing biguanido groups similar to arginine residue,was reacted polyallylamine(PAA)with guanyl-O-methyl isourea^<6)>.In this study,PAB, PVA hydrogel membranes composed of PAB and PVA were prepared by repeated freezing and thawing.In comparison with PAB,hydrogel membranes composed of PAA and PVA were also prepared.The tensile property of PAB/PVA hydrogel was decreased with the increasing PAB content within the hydrogel.The interaction between these hydrogel membranes and cell was studied by a cell culture method^<7)>.The cell line derived from a mouse fibroblast(L929)was used,and the initial cell attachment and relative cell growth on the hydrogel membranes for standard plastic film were estimates.Morphology of cells attached on the hydrogel membranes was observed with a optical microscope and a natural scanning electron microscope(Hitachi SEM S-2250N)under 1-2 Torr without any pretreatment such as Au deposition.On the PAB blend hydrogel surfaces filopodium of the cells could not found but the cells with spherical form were aggregated.The PAB blend hydrogel had relatively low percentage of initial cell attachment.The cell growth on the PAB hydrogel membranes showed a maximum at 5 mole % PAB content,and was as high as that on the standard plastic film. 1062 The authors have reported on the syntheses of liquid crystalline polyurethenes by the reaction of diols containing liquid crystalline moieties as core units with diisocyanates.In this report we deal with the syntheses of liquid crystalline polyurethanes prepared from biphenyl,which arises in the course of desulfurization process in the manufacture of benzene.4,4'-Bis(hydroxymethyl)biphenyl£BHB! was prepared by the reduction of 4,4'-biphenyl acetate.Polyurethanes were obtained by the equimolar reaction of BHB with diisocyanate such.as hexamethylene diisocyanate£HDI!,2,4-toluylene diisocyanate£TDI! and 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate£MDI!.Polymers prepared from HDI and TDI showed liquid crystalline state at 267-288,238-270°C,respectively. 1063 This paper proposes a test sequence generation method for interoperability testing applicable to an n-process system.In the proposed method,firstly,we generate the system states graph from a protocol specification which shows global behaviours of the system.Secondly,for all transitions in this graph we generate sequences which confirm that the process implementations exactly transit to the collect system state.In particular,considering the process independency of system,we can construct test sequences which consist of parallel test events.This is expected to shorten the time of testing. 1064 A new crazing method,which is conducted under constant tension and local bending conditions,was deviced.Crazes were continuously and regularly formed by using our method.They were formed parallel to the molecular orientation of the film.This crazing method gave the film possessing the preferential field of view which is transparent at a point of perpendicular view to the film and opaque at a level of 35-90 deg.since the light scattering of the crazing region.Young's modulus perpendicular to craze reduced with increasing tension.The tensile strength was almost constant in each condition of this experiment. 1065 We have reported ^<(1),(2)> the synthesis of polyvinylalcohol and polyurethane-based graft copolymers having a polysiloxane,polyether and polyamine graft segment by means of macromonomers with a vinylsilane and a diol end group,respectively.In this study,We will report on the synthesis of polystyrene£Poly(St)! and poly(t-butyl acrylate)£Poly(t-BA)l macromonomers having a vinylsilane and a diol end group in order to introduce a graft segment of a high Tg.The anionic living polymerizations of St and of t-BA could produce the corresponding uniform size polymers in a quantitative yield.The reaction of the living Poly(St) with a chlorosilane derivative having a vinylsilane group and having a trimethylsilylated diol group produced the corresponding macromonomers in a high yield.On the other hand,the reaction of a living Poly(t-BA) with chlorosilane derivatives resulted in a ketenesilylacetal end group,which was hydrolyzed during the purification procedure to give a low end-capping efficiency.<Reference>___-(1)H.Kazama,M.Hoshi,H.Nakajima,D.Horâ'k,Y.Tezuka,K.Imai,Polymer,<31>___-,2207(1990)(2)Y.Tezuka,M.Yoshino,K.Imai,Langmuir,<7,>___-2860(1991) 1066 Triphenylmethyl methacrylate(TrMA)affords a highly isotactic,optically active polymer with one-handed helical conformation by asymmetric anionic polymerization and the polymer shows high chiral recognition ability as an HPLC stationary phase to many racemic compounds.However,the recognition ability is gradually lost by solvolysis of ester group with methanol.In the present study,1-phenyldibenzosuberyl methacrylate(1)was synthesized and polymerized in order to obtain a one-handed helical polymer which is more durable against metnanolysis than poly(TrMA).Methanolysis rate constant for 1 was estimated by monitoring the reaction of 1 with CD_30D in CDCl_3 at 35°C by means of ^1H NMR spectroscopy.The value was determined to be k=0.466h^<-1>,indicating that 1 is more durable than TrMA(k=2.86 h^<-1>)against methanolysis.Asymmetric anionic polymerization of 1 was carried out with the complexes of N,N'-diphenylethylenediamine monolithium amide with(-)-sparteine(Sp),(+)-1-(2-pyrrolidinylmethyl)pyrrolidine(PMP),and (+)-2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-bis(dimethylamino)butane(DDB)in toluene at -78°C.The obtained polymers were almost perfectly isotactic and showed high optical activity(£α!_D+442^°(Sp system),+468^°(PMP system),477^°(DDB system),indicating that these polymers possess a one-handed helical conformation.The specific rotation of the polymers was higher than that of one-handed helical poly(TrMA).The optical active poly-1 showed chiral recognition ability for some racemic compounds.Radical polymerization of I with(i-PrOCOO)_2 in toluene at 40°C also afforded a highly isotactic polymer(DP=300,mm>98%).This isotacticity may be the highest among many vinyl polymers prepared by radical polymerization. 1067 We describe LSI implementation of an Asynchronous Transfer Mode(ATM) switch based on STS(Space-Time-Space)-Type shared buffering,which features a great advantage on the buffer size and buffer memory speed.The LSI chip set consists of A-LSI (Aligner-LSI),B-LSI(Buffer-LSI) and C-LSI(Control-LSI).These three LSIs are developed using 0.8μm BiCMOS technology with ECL I, O buffers for 78Mb/s interface.A 600Mb/s 8×8 ATM element switch is installed on one board using four A-LSI,eight B-LSI and one C-LSI. 1068 It has been well-known that phenylcarbamate derivatives of polysaccharides show high chiral recognition abilities as chiral stationary phases for HPLC^<1)> Their recognition abilities depend greatly on the species and position of substituents introduced on the phenyl groups of the carbamate derivatives.^<1)> In this study,4-methq-xy,ethoxy,and isopropoxyphenylcarbamates of cellulose and amylose were synthesized and their optical resolving powers were evalutatedThe derivatives were prepared by the reaction of polysaccharides with corresponding isocyanates.These derivatives were adsorbed on macroporous silica gel (7μm,pore size 100nm)which was treated with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane.The optical resolving abilities of the polysaccharide derivatives depended greatly on the substituents introduced on phenyl groups.In case of the cellulose derivatives,4isopropoxyphenylcarbamate showed the most effective chiral recognition abilities for many racemates such as trans-stilbene oxide,2-phenylcyclohexanone,and 1-(9-anthryl)-2,2,2trifluoroethanol.This may be ascribed to that the bulky substituent can reduce the interaction between the ether oxygen and racemates and enhance the interaction between the carbamate group and racemates which may be the most important factor to attain efficient chiral discrimination.In case of the amylose derivatives,optical recognition abilities depended less on the alkoxy gruops.1)Y.Okamoto et al.,J.Chromatogr.,<363>___-,173(1986) 1069 In order to clarify the effectiveness of incline ribs on rectangle,wind tunnel tests have been performed.Wind tunnel tests for incline ribs carried out single or double degree of freedom system of spring.The result of tests,incline ribs have an effect on bigger and bigger angle,and the existance of incline ribs are lated the occurrence of flutter. 1070 To speed acceleration and the frequency elevation of packages,we started by checking the quality of the transmission lines.As a result,it was found that the check of parasitic resonances,depend on sizes of rectangular coaxial sections and the strength of ground,such as partial ground,was important.The subsequent target of study was the characteristic of transmisson of metal wall packages and ceramic packages,the same shape.In metal wall packages there was only resonance of rectangular coaxial.In ceramic packages,on the other hand,various parasitic resonances were generated,but equal characteristics were obtained with forming pseudo rectangular coaxial structure and strengthening ground by via poles.And reducing the side-width sizes of the rectangular coaxial,we could shift frequency of parasitic resonance to higher frequency. 1071 Cyanobacteria are known to establish symbiosis with some organisms.In many symbiotic systems,a variety of novel metabolites has been found.A cyanobacterium <Nostoc>___- <commun>___- is seen as a clamp in the field and found to inhibit growth of weed near the place where it grows,indicating that this bacterium could secret aversion factors.Isolation effort brought two aversion factors,KI-1 and KI-3,guided by a <Medicago>___- <sativa>___- seed germination test.The structure of KI-1 was elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses and it was characterized as a novel compound to possess a pyrrolo-1,2-naphthoquinone skeleton,and KI-3 as an oligoshaccaride including amino suger (s).In addition,we tried pure culture of the cyanobacterium as well as the microorganisms from the clamp in order to compare the metabolites.The aversion factors were not detected in both cultures. 1072 Glycosylation can be classified as chemical and enzymic reactions.Generally,a glycosyl transferases are too labile and too small quantity to be used for glycosylation reaction in vitro.Glycosidase reactions with high substrate concentration and, or by the use of organic solvents,gave a corresponding glycoside.On the other hand,chemical synthesis of a glycoside,in general,gives α- and β-anomers,simultaneously.When the aglycone is a polymer such as polysaccharide,there is no reason to separate one anomer from the other one,because both two kinds of anomeric units exist in the same polymer.In this study,we investigated the stereoselective synthesis of α-D-glucose-branched(1⟶6)-α-D-glucopyranan by chemical and enzymic reactions.Ring-opening polymerization of 1,6-anhydro-3-O-benzoyl-2,4-di-O-benzyl-β-D-glucopyranose with PF_5 as catalyst at low temperature gave a highly stereoregular polymer,which was converted to 2,4-di-O-benzyl-(1⟶6)-α-D-glucopyranan by debenzoylation with sodium medioxide.The polymer was glucosylated according to the glycosyl imidate method.Deprotection of the branched polysaccharide was carried out with sodium in liquid ammonia at -78°C to give a(1⟶6)-α-D-glucopyranan having α-Dglucopyranosyl and β-D-glucopyranosyl branches.Only β-D-glucopyranosyl branch of the polymer was completely removed by enzymatic hydrolysis by the use of cellulase to provide stereoregular (1⟶6)-α-D-glucopyranan having α-D-glucopyranosyl branch at C-3 position.The obtained branched polysaccharide showed a biological activity of lowering the blood glucose level in mouse. 1073 Octacalcium phosphate(Ca_8H_2(PO_4)_6⋅5H_2O,hereafter referred to as OCP)is frequently encountered in systems containing calcium phosphate more basic than hydrogenphosphate dihydrate(hereafter,referred to DCPD),and it appears to have a significant role in the chemistry of bones and teeth.However,there is no standard method of preparing of OCP.This paper presents a convenient method of preparing of OCP.OCP was synthesized by chemical reactions of a slurry of DCPD and calcium carbonate at the molar ratio 1:0.33-0.40 stirred for 24 h at 40-60°C.In other molar ratios of hydrogenphosphate dihydrate and calcium carbonate,the product consisted of the mixtures of each excess raw material and OCP.Calcium deficient hydroxyapatite was formed above this temperature range.and DCPD precipitated below this range.It was found that Ca, P ratio of the product analyzed by EDX increased with temperature rise of the suspension. 1074 Cyclic ketene-O,N-acetals such as 3-methyl-2-isopropyridene (I),3-methyl-2-methylene-5,5-dimethyl (II),3-methyl-2-methylene-5-phenyl (III),and 3-methyl-2-metylene-4-phenyl (IV) were prepared.These monomers react with electron-deficient olefins such as acryronitrile and methyl acrylate to give £2,2! cyclo adducts quantitatively,but do not react with methyl methacrylate (MMA) and styrene (St) at room temperature.Next,radical polymerization were carried out to find that these monomers have low polymerizability.Although copolymerization of these monomers with MMA or St gave rise to copolymer in comparatively good yield,the ratio of cyclic ketene-O,N-acetal in copolymer was fairly low.The structure of resulting polymers was comfirmed by means of NMR and IR spectroscopy.Consequently,it is formed that not only ring-opening polymerization (amide and iminoester structure) but also vinyl polymerization of cyclic ketene-O,N-acetals proceeds through radical mechanism. 1075 We have recently found that cyclic carbonates undergo expansion in volume on polymerization.In this paper,we describe radical copolymerization of a cyclic carbonate having an exomethylene group,5-methylene-1,3-dioxan-2-one(1),with common vinyl monomers from viewpoint of introduction of cyclic carbonate structure into polymer.Radical copolymerization of 1 with styre (St),methyl methacryrate (MMA),vinyl acetate (VAc),and acrylonitrile (AN) in bulk was carried out at 60 or 80°C in the presence of radical initiator (3mol%).Structures of the obtained copolymers were confirmed by GPC,IR,and NMR.The each copolymer involved complete vinyl polymerization unit of 1.Although St and MMA showed low copolymerizability,VAc and AN had good copolymerizability with 1,yielding copolymer compositions proportional to the feed ratios.Q and e values of 1 were estimated by the copolymerization with VAc to be Q=0.2 and e=-1.2,respectively. 1076 We have studied on volume change on polymerization and curing of monomers and materials and reported bicyclic monomers and related materials showing no shrinkage in volume as well as mechanism of volume change.Recently,we have also found that cyclic carbonates undergo polymerization without volume shrinkage.However,the mechanism applied for the bicyclic monomers could not explain the volume change on polymerization of cyclic carbonates.In this paper,it is suggested that difference of polarity between monomer and polymer is an important factor for this volume change.Densities of monomers and polymers which were obtained by polymerization of cyclic carbonates and lactones were measured by density gradient tube or glass tube method.Some physical data such as boiling point,density,dielectric constant,and dipole moment of cyclic and acyclic carbonates and esters indicated that cyclic compounds had much higher polarity and bigger density than acyclic ones.Therefore,volume expansion observed in the case of cyclic carbonate could be accounted for by considerable decrease of intermolecular interaction by change from monomer to polymer state or by increase of free volume in polymer due to lowered intermolecular interaction.Namely,monomer having big difference of polarity between cyclic and acyclic states may be regarded as expanding monomer.However,polymerization of lactones such as b-propiolactone,d-valerolactone,and e-caprolactone proceeded with some shrinkage in volume.These results seem to indicate that effect of polarity change cannot make up for volume shrinkage by binding of monomer molecules by polymerization.Dipole moment seems to be more consistent with the obtained results than dielectric constant and correlation between degree of volume change and polarity(dipole moment)will be important for indication of expanding monomer. 1077 We have recently found that the polymerization of alkyl glycidyl ethers by aryl silyl ether, CsF proceeds to give polyethers with narrow molecular weight distribution^1).In this report,we describe the preparation of comb-like polymers having poly(glycidyl ether)side chain,which is expected to be a new type of polyelectrolytes,by means of graft copolymerization or polymerization of the corresponding macromonomer.A polymeric initiator,poly(trimetylsilyloxystyrene,PSSt)was obtained by the quantitative silylation of poly(hydroxystyrene)with hexamethyldisilazane.Graft copolymerization of butyl glycidyl ether by polymeric initiator PSSt was carried out in a sealed tube at 140°C for 60 min in the presence of CsF as a catalyst to obtain comb-like polystyrene having oligo(glycidyl ether)as a side chain.The comb-like structure was ascertained by the ^1H-NMR and GPC analyses of the graft copolymer.The graft copolymer was also prepared by radical polymerization of a macromonomer which was obtained by methacryloylation of the monodispersed oligo(glycidyl ether). 1078 Recently,we have studied on the adsorption behavior of phenols on the polymer avmg spacers between pyrrolidone or oxazohdone moieties and the main chain in Equid phase.In the present paper,we describe syntheses of high porous polymers having spacers between pyrrohdone or oxazolidone moieties and the main chain and adsorption of phenol by these polymers in ps phase.These polymers were synthesized by the reaction of high porous chloromethylated polystyrene with N-(hydroxyalkyl)pyrrolidones or oxazolidones.Strength of the interaction between these polymers and phenol and effect of methylene chain length of the spacers were evaluated by Freundlich constants(1, n,K) which were obtained from the adsorption isotherm.K value increased according to increase of methylene chain length of the spacers,i.e.steric hindrance of the main chain was lowered by the longer spacer.K value observed between pyrrolidone moiety and phenol was larger than that between oxazolidone moiety and phenol,while Vn value indicated inversive tendency of K value.Adsorption of phenol by the polymers having pyrrolidone moiety was more than that by the polymers having oxazolidone moiety,probably because the interaction between oxazolidone moiety and phenol was caused mainly by hydrogen bonding,while the interaction between pyrrolidone moiety and phenol was attributed not only to hydrogen bonding but also to charge-transfer interaction. 1079 Polymerization behavior of spiroortho carbonates(SOCs),which show expansion in volume on polymerization,which depends on their ring size.Namely,cationic polymerization of five-membered SOC involves elimination of five-membered cychic carbonate,whereas no such cyclic carbonate which can undergo cationic polymerization was observed in the polymerization of of six-membered SOCs.Then,in this study we have examined possibility of copolymerization of six-membered cyclic carbonates with oxetanes.In the analysis of the copolymerization of 1 and 3 by the NMR,it was confirmed that although 3 Was immediately polymerized,1 did not started to polymerize still 3 was completely consumed.On the other hand,rate of conversion of 1 decreased by the addition of 3 into the cationic polymerization of 1.From these results,rates of initiation and propagation of oxetane should be much faster than that of 1,and living end of polyoxetane which has oxonium structure can initiate polymerization of cyclic carbonate to lead to block copolymer. 1080 Recently,we have found that cyclic carbonates undergo polymerization without volume shrinkage.However,the mechanism proposed for the volume expansion of bicyclic monomers can not explain this volume change.In the "supermolecule" consisted of two molecules of cyclic carbonate,cychc carbonate is stabilized in a configuration which compensates the dipole moment each other.The supermolecule has a minimum potential energy with respect to the distance of two molecules,whereas that of cyclic acetal does not show a similar minimum in energy.Dipole moments of several cyclic monomers(acetals,carbonates,urethanes,esters,amides)and model compounds of their corresponding polymers were calculated to estimate the intermolecular interaction.Some relationship between calculated dipole moment of cyclic monomer and volume change on polymerization was observed.Dffference in dipole moment between cyclic monomers and acyclic model compounds of the corresponding polymers was the following order,carbonates>urethanes>esters>amides>acetals. 1081 When a DMF solution(2.0 mol, L)of PGMA was heated in an atmospheric pressure of CO_2 for 24 h using NaI(1.5 mol %)and Ph_3P(1.5 mol %)as catalysts,quantitative incorporation of CO_2 was achieved.Propylene carbonate is the best solvent,whereas use of diglyme as solvent,in which the polymer is precipitated during the reaction,results in high incorporation ratio of CO_2 as well as DMF,indicating the most important factor of incorporation of CO_2 is ascribed to solubility of NaI.A film of PGMA containing 6 mol % of catalyst was exposed to an atmospheric pressure of CO_2. An efficient reaction was observed in spite of gas-solid heterophase polymer reaction.Alkali metal salts,which are good catalyst in the solution reaction,are not very good catalysts for solid-state polymer reaction.Using PhCH_2N^+Me_3Br^-,which is the most efficient catalyst examined,86 % of incorporation of CO_2 was attained at 120°C after 30 h.A copolymer of GMA and 2-(benzyldimethylarnmonio)ethyl methacrylate was exposed to an atmospheric pressure of CO_2 at 140 °C for 8 h to obtain 75 % of incorporation of CO_2.Further,a cross-linked terpolymer of GMA,2-(benzyldimethylammonio)ethyl methacrylate,and divinylbenzene was also exposed to an atmospheric pressure of CO_2 at 140°C,and 61 % of incorporation was achieved after 8 h,in spite that the mobility of the polymer chain might be highly restricted. 1082 Many optically active polymers have been synthesized by stereoelective polymerization and polymerization of chiral monomers.Although C_2 chiral monomers are seldom suffered from racemization during polymerization,few polymerization of the monomers with C_2 chirality has been reported.Recently we have developed synthesis and anionic ring-opening polymerization of a cyclic aromatic carbonate having 1,1'-bi-2-naphthyl moiety and demonstrated possibility of efficient introduction of C_2 chirality into the polymer main chain.We wish to report here synthesis and polymerization of chiral cyclic carbonates having binaphthyl structure(1__-,2__-),and property and structure of the obtained polymers were investigated.The chiral monomers £1__--(R) or 1__--(S)! were synthesized by the method as previously reported^<1)>.Anionic ring-opening polymerization of 1__- with t -BuOK in THF at 20 °C afforded optically active polymer in a good yield.Although racemic polymer was soluble in organic solvents,the optically active polymer was insoluble.The racemic polymer with high degree of polymerization was soluble in organic solvents.There was no apparent difference in crystallinity between the racemic and the optically active polymers.Chiral monomer (2__-) having long alkyl groups was prepared and polymerized by a similar method to increase the solubility of the obtained polymer.The obtained optically active polymer was soluble in various solvents.In CD spectrum,Cotton effect in this polymer was opposite to that of model compound,methanol-adduct of 2__-.All these results suggest that the optically active polymer from 1__- seems to have a certain regular structure which is not clear at present time.1)T.Hirasa,H.Matsuoka,T.Takata,T.Endo,The 62th Annual Meeting of the Chemical Society of Japan,Preprints,p183(Sapporo,Sep.1991) 1083 Simplification of coupling between semiconductor laser diode and optical fibers is an important subject in optical communication systems.Alignment-free coupling has been achieved by the connection of guidehole array and planar microlens array.The fiber guide hole array was made of silicon using EPW anisotropic chemical etching.The coupling efficiency of as high as 52.3%(2.81dB loss)between a laser diode and 4 pieces of multimode fibers was achieved. 1084 This paper examines the problem of attribute value unobsevabilities in the training example set for classification methods related to ID3 when applied to real world problem like monitoring a communication system.An extension of ID3-IV is proposed as a new algorithm to solve this problem where a randomly generated value from its range is given to each unobserved attribute of every example to create a complete example set.The simulation result shows its efficient convergence to a target decision tree. 1085 Saccharides are exist widely in nature and resources which should be practically utilized.The objective of the present investigation is to synthesize of new polymeric membranes having saccharide in side chains and to clarify the effect of the saccharide on the solute permeability,especially 'drug delivery system(DDS)'.In our series of the study,poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA).poly(chloromethylated styrene)(P-CM-St)as synthetic polymers and an equal mixture of α-D-2-deoxy2-amino-glueopyranosyl-(1'⟶6)-D-solbitol and mannitol (AGP) as saccharide were used,respectively.Anticarcinogenic materials such as 5-Fluorouracil(5-FU),1-(tetrahydro-2-furanyl)-5-fluorouracil(FT207)and 5-Fluorouridine(FUR) were used as solutes.The PMMA+AGP membrane and P-CM-St+AGP in which AGP was chemically combined in PMMA and P-CM-St,respectively,showed the highest permeability to FUR,although the P-CM-St+AGP membrane showed less permeable property.The reason of the high permeability to FUR is considered to depend on moderate interactions between both saccharide groups combined in AGP and FUR. 1086 Saccharides exist widely in nature and reaources which should be practically utilized.Recently,it has been known that the polymeric membranes having saccharide in side chain had high biocompatibility 1).The objective of the present investigation is to synthesize new polymeric membranes having saccharide in side chains and to clarify the effect of the saccharide on the solute permeability,especially 'drug delivery system(DDS)'.In or series of the study,chloromethylated polysulfone(CM-PSF),poly(chlwomethylated styrene)(P-CM-St),poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA).poly-γ-mehyl-L-glutamate(PMLG) as synthetic polymers and an equal mixture of α-D-2-deoxy- 2-amino-glueopyranosyl-(1'⟶6)-D-solbitol and mannitol (AGP) as sacchardwide were used,respectively.Dependences of saccharides permeability coefficients on upstream concentration were examined.PMMA+AGP(Fig.2) and CE-PMLG+AGP membrane showed the highest permeability of D-glucose,although the CM-PSF+AGP membrane and P-CM-St+AGP membrane(Fig.1)showed less permeable.The reason of the high permeability of D-glucose is considered to depend on interaction between AGP terminating D-glucose and D-glucose as a solute.The optical resolution may be possible by the molecular recognition of the AGP because there are difference between D-glucose and L-glucose permeabilities.These interactions do not influence effectively in CM-PSF+AGP and P-CM-St+AGP membranes because of cross-link.Relationships between permeability and molecular weights of anticarcinogenic materials were examined(Fig.4).Anticarcinogenic materials such as 5-Fluorouracil(5-FU),1-(tetrahydro-2-furanyl)-5-fluorouracil(FT-207)and 5-Fluorouridine(FUR)were used as solutes(Fig.3).Except for the CM-PSF+AGP membrane,the all membranes showed the highest permeability to FUR.The reason of the high permeability to FUR is considered to depend on interactions between both saccharide groups combined in AGP and FUR.1)Y.Kuroyanagi,et al.,Int.J.Biol.Macromol.,6.266(1984). 1087 In the course of syntheses of α-functionally substituted acrylic monomers,we prepared and polymerized α-(alkoxymethyl)-and α-(fluoroalkoxymethyl)acrylates.Polar factor of the alkoxy and fluoroalkoxy groups through the methylene group affects the reactivities of the monomers.Characterization of the polymer also revealed the influence of the α-substituents.In this study,fluoroalkyl α-(fluoroalkoxymethyl)acrylates(FAF)bearing the fluoroalkoxy groups in the α-substituent and the ester alkyl group were synthesised.The effect of fluorine substitution on polymerization reactivity was examined and their polymers were characterized.2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl α-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxymethyl)acrylate(DC_2F_3MA)and 2,2,3,3-trifluoro-1-propyl α-(2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propoxymethyl)acrylate(DC_3F_4MA)polymerized readily without suppression of a low ceiling temperature,and the monomer reactivity ratios for copolymerization with styrene(M_1)were evalueted to be r_1 = 0.11 and r_2 = 0.05 for copolymerization of DC_2F_3MA,and r_1 = 0.22 and r_2 = 0.07 for copolymerization of DC_3F_4MA.Apparently,the relative reactivites increased with electron-withdrawing character of the fluoroalkyl group.A decrease in electron density of the double bond as confirmed by increases in evalue can be supported by the chemical shifts of the β-carbon of the double bond of the monomers in 13^<13>C-NMR Spectra.Tg determined by DSC were 24 and 19.5°C for poly(DS_2F_3MA)and poly(DS_3F_4MA),respectively. 1088 Maleimide or nadicimide substituted cyclotriphosphazenes have been investigated by Kumar and other workers.They prepared these phosphazene compounds through the following route and confirmed their excellent thermal properties.Synthetic route;(1)4-nitrophenol was substituted on cyclotriphosphazene,(2)The nitro groups were then reduced to amino groups by hydrogen in the presence of PtO_2catalyst,(3)These amino groups were reacted with corresponding acid anhydride to give amic acid form,(4)Finally,these were cyclodehydrized by heating to obtain desired imide group containing phosphazenes.In this study,allylnadicimidephenoxy substituted cyclotriphosphazene(3PNC, ANI) was synthesized by direct substitution of N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)allylnadicimide on hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene in the prsence of triethylamine.This method simplifies synthetic route when compared with the former method.3PNC/ANI was cured in the region of about 493-593K.The decomposition temperature of the 3PNC/ANI polymer was almost same as maleimide or nadicimide substituted cyclotriphosphazene polymer.In addition,3PNC/ANI was soluble in common organic solvents(i.e.Acetone),it showing an improvement in the proscessability.Lap shear strength(for Aluminium plates)of 3PNC, ANI is greater than the nadicimide substituted cyclotriphosphazene.Markedly,strength retention at high temperature(513K)was considerably greater than that of nadicimide type phosphazene. 1089 In the previous paper,we reported that styrene(St)-butadiene(Bd) random copolymer having mainly cis-1,4 Bd units could be synthesized with nickel compounds(NiX_2) in combination with methylalumoxane(MAO) catalysts.Recently,polymerization of isoprene(Ip) with MAO containing catalysts were reported to give predominantly cis-1,4 polyisoprene.Based on these consideration,the synthesis of St-lp random copolymer having mainly cis-1,4 Ip units was investigated.Copolymerization of St and Ip with MAO containing catalysts was carried out.When CpTiCl_3-MAO catalyst was used,the GPC elution curve of the polymer obtained showed bimodal.On the contrary,the polymer obtained with Ni(acac)_2-MAO catalyst showed the monomodal elution curve.The St contents and the 1,4-microstructure of the Ip units in the copolymer were enhanced as compared with the CpTiCl_3-MAO catalyst.The ligand effect of NiX_2 was observed,the catalytic activity decreased in the following order:Ni(acac)_2 ≃ Ni(C_6H_5COO)_2 > Ni(HCOO)_2⋅ 2H_2O.All the NiX_2-MAO catalysts examined gave a polymer having mainly cis-1,4 Ip units.From the copolymerization of St(M_1) and IP(M_2) with the Ni(acac)_2-MAO catalyst,monomer reactivity ratios were estimated to be r_1 = 1.18 and r_2 = 0.88.Moreover,all the resulting copolymers showed the monomodal elution curves.These indicate that St-Ip random copolymer having cis-1,4 Ip units can be synthesized with the Ni(acac)_2-MAO catalyst. 1090 Two experiments are carried out to evaluate effectiveness of the Structured Analysis and Structured Design (SA, SD) methodology in manipulating requiment specifications,and analyzing requirement and designing program modules.In the first experiment,subjects are questioned to perform the following three tasks:understanding,error-detection,and impact analysis.The experiment shows that subjects using the SA documents make higher scores concerning the data structure and data flow features and they are prone to fail to understand specifications when relevant constituents exist on different pages.The second experiment shows that subjects using the SA/SD documents produce more refined documents at higher quality and productivity. 1091 Carbon blacks are known to act as a radical scavenger.In the present paper,the preparation of peroxide-polymers and the grafting reaction of carbon black with polymer radicals formed by the decomposition of the peroxide-polymers were investigated.Carbon blacks used were furnace black Philblack O,channel black Neospectra II,and acetylene black Denkablack.A peroxide polymer was prepared by the radical polymerization of a vinyl monomer initiated by 4,4'-azobis(4-cyanovaleryl)-bis-(t-butyl)diperoxide (APO) as an initiator.APO was prepared by the reaction of t-butyl hydroperoxide with 4,4'-azobis(4-cyanovaleryl chloride),which was obtained by the reaction of 4,4'-azobis(4-cyanovaleric acid) with thionyl chloride.By heating of the peroxide-polystyrene with various carbon blacks in toluene at 50°C,polystyrene was effectively grafted onto the carbon black surfaces.The percentage of grafting onto Neospectra II,Philblack O,and Denkablack reached 19.8,17.2,and 14.0%,respectively.On the contrary,even if polystyrene having no peroxide groups was heated with carbon black,no grafting of the polymer onto the surface was observed at all.This indicates that polymer radicals formed by the decomposition of the peroxide-polymer were effectively trapped by the carbon black surface. 1092 To obtain polymer-grafted inorganic powder with a higher percentage of grafting,the initiation of graft polymerization from functional groups is desirable.In the present paper,the graft polymerization of various monomers initiated by pendant potassium carboxylate (COOK) groups or acylium perchlorate (CO^+C10_4^-) groups introduced to polymer chains grafted onto the powder surface was examined.The carbon blacks used were channel black Neospectra II (BET specific surface area,906 m^2, g) and Porousblack (447 m^2/g),which was activated furnace black by steam.Ultrafine silica used was Aerosil 200 (200 m^2/g).The grafting of polyesters to grafted polymer chains on carbon black was carried out by the anionic ring-opening copolymerization of epoxides with cyclic acid anhydrides initiated by pendant COOK groups of grafted polymer on the surface.The grafting of polymers having pendant COOK groups was achieved by the polymerization of potassium acrylate (PA) initiated by azo groups introduced onto carbon black surface.It was found that the anionic copolymerization of styrene oxide with phthalic anhydride was initiated by grafted PPA chain on carbon black surface.Furthermore,poly(PA-co-St)-grafted carbon black also have an ability to initiate the copolymerization of epoxides with cyclic acid anhydrides to give polymer-grafted carbon black with a higher percentage of grafting.In addition,the copolymerization was also initiated by Porousblack,which retained PPA in pore on the surface,to give polyester-grafted Porousblack.Then,grafting of polymers to grafted polymer chains was carried out by the cationic polymerization initiated by pendant CO^+C10_4^- groups of grafted polymer on the ultrafine silica surface.The grafting of polymers having acyl chloride groups was achieved by the copolymerization of acryloyl chloride (AC) with styrene (St) initiated by azo groups introduced onto silica surface.The percentage of grafting of P(AC-co-St) was 20-23%.The introduction of CO^+C10_4^- groups to grafted chain was achieved by the reaction of pendant acyl chloride groups of P(AC-co-St) with AgC10_4.It was found that the cationic polymerization of vinyl monomers was initiated by CO^+C10_4^- groups of grafted polymer chains on silica to give polymer-grafted silica with a higher percentage of grafting:the percentage of grafting increased to 130%.Furthermore,the effect of solvent and the structure of the grafted polymer on the grafting was discussed. 1093 Constructing concepts on a computer is essential for realizing Artificial Intelligence with common sense.A concept can be characterized both by words which express it and by other words,each of which usually occurs in sentences together with the word express it.Since nodes in a thesaurus corresponds to words which have the same meaning,they can be regarded as concepts.Converting a pair of words,which co-occurs in a sentence,into a pair of concepts,makes a relationship between concepts.However,the following are to be solved:1)There are few sentences where a given pair of concepts exists.and2)There are many words which have various meanings.This paper presents a method to solve them. 1094 This paper presents adaptability and its implimentation in our resaerch into artificial intelligence with common sense which understands and responds like humans do.An expert system which gets data from a DB is taken as an example,the frames and rules are automatically modified by the adaptability if tables in the DB have changed.In this process frames are corresponded to tables,numerical values in rules are translated into relative expressions humans use.This ability with common sense makes expert systems applicable to problems which would have unexpected data structures for the expert systems,without modifying the problem solving knowledge. 1095 In this paper,the handwritten character recognition system using pattern transformation method is proposed.By using this system,we obtained the recognition rate of 96.32% for handwritten character database ETL9B.ETL9B is the largest database created by Electrotechnical Laboratory of Japan in 1985 and it includes a total number of 607,200 characters.Furthermore,the number of dimension of characteristic feature we used is 452 and it is also the lowest dimension number among the groups which have obtained a high recognition rate,this result is not only effective for shortening the time of recognition,but also can facilitate the development of making compact recognition system. 1096 Thymine bases convert to photodimers upon irradiation to UV light near the λmax(280 nm).However,the photodimerization is a reversible reaction and the photodimers split to afford the original monomers very efficiently upon irradiation at a shorter wavelengths(240 nm).The reversible and thermally stable photochromic system of thymine can be applied to reversible photorecording system,where recording by UV irradiation at 280 nm,reading at 270 nm,and rewriting after irradiation at 240 nm can be carried out.Thymine base with long alkyl chain shows wonderful reactivity and perfect reversibility on photoreversible dimerization,splitting reactions by irradiating UV light at 280 nm and 240 nm,respectively.The photodimerization reaction of thyrnine causes decreases of absorbance at around 270 nm,which increases again by splitting of the photodimer.For high sensitivity and high efficiency of the reversible photodimerization reactions,orientation and aggregation of the thymine bases should be important factors.The thymine derivatives having long alkyl substituents gave a clear film by casting onto quartz plate.Figure 1 is the data of 1-myristylthymine in film(glassy)state.Irradiation of 280 nm UV light caused the dimerization of thymine base and absorbance decreased,irradiating 240 nm UV light caused the splitting reaction of photodimer then the absorbance increased.Photodimerization and splitting reactions were fast as compared to the reaction in solution,and were occurred quantitatively for repeated runs.Photodimerizations were studied both for the long alkyl derivatives and the ester derivatives having long alkyl chain. 1097 Recently,many approaches have been carried out to achieve self-regulated release of drugs.In the case of diabetes,a self-regulated insulin releasing system responding to glucose is strongly desired.To this end,we have developed a novel polymeric complex system sensitive to glucose.In this system phenylboronic acids can form reversible,covalent complexes with molecules having diols units,(e.g.,glucose).The reversible exchange of borate-diol complex takes place with competing diol molecules.Based on this concept,we synthesized glucose responsive polymers which may function at physiological conditions(pH7.4,1=0.154).Furthermore,using these polymers,microcapsules were prepared.Microcapsules may have the added advantage of short lag times of glucose response.Two copolymers,one has boronic acid and the other has hydroxymethyl as a diol unit,were prepared by free radical solution copolymerization.Complex formation was estimated by viscosity measurement.Above pH 6.5,the viscosity of these two polymers rapidly increased;at pH7.4 the polymer complex behaves like a gel.Under alkali conditions,the boronic acid moieties are predominantly in the tetrahedral form;boronic acid has a pKa of 8.5.On the other hand,introduction of tertiary amines within the copolymer structure may effectively lower the boronic acid pKa.The effect of glucose on complex formation was then investigated.At 200 mg, dl glucose concentration,the viscosity decreased rapidly.This indicates complex dissociate due to glucose binding to the boronic acid moieties.On the other hand,at 80mg/dl glucose concetration,a negligible viscosity change was observed.The sol-gel transition point exists between 80mg/di and 200mg/dl glucose concentration.Glucose responsive microcapsules were synthesized with these' two polymers and terephthaloyl chloride by interfacial polymerization.The mean diameter was determined to be 60±27 mm by light scottering. 1098 In the previous papers we have revealed that native cellulose are composites of triclinic(cellulose I_α)and monoclinic(cellulose I_β)crystals.In this paper,we have examined the affects of additives and temperature on the ratios of I_α and I_β the crystallinity during the culture of bacterial cellulose.Xyloglucan or carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt(CMC)were added into the Hestrin-Schramm medium.The culture was also performed without an additive at 10-36°C.The C1 and C4 triplets of CP, MAS ^<13>C NMR spectra for bacterial cellulose cultured under different conditions have been analyzed as a linear combination of the spectra for cellulose I_α and I_β.As a result,it is found that the fraction of I_α is increased from 0.64 to 0.78 by the addition of xyloglucan,whereas the addition of CMC induces the decrease in I_α to 0.49.On the other hand,similar NMR analyses have revealed that the fraction of I_α and crystallinity are increased with decreasing temperature of culture. 1099 Mixing method affected dispersion of silica fume.The effect on dispersion depended on type of silica fume,existence of gravel,type of mixer and mixing time.Agglomated silica fume particles above 10 micro meter dispersed by mixing.But,Particles below 1 micro meter did not disperse by mixing. 1100 A coding control scheme by an adaptive pre-filter is proposed.Optimum point in quality is analyzed in constant bit rate codig considering quantization noise and loss of sharpness by two factors;coding output amount given by both quantization step size and bandwidth of input picture,and a balance between those elements.The proposed pre-filter changes its property adaptively for dynamically optimizing the picture quality refering to some coding characteristics.Some computer simulations show that it compares favorably with the coding control only by quantization step size in respective of the subjective picture quality especially for scenes with large motion. 1101 This paper proposes three hitless line protection switching methods for SDH-based ATM networks and the best choice is evaluated to be the Cell Alignment Method.This method enables forced or manual switching to be performed hitlessly while maintaining full compatibility with the standard protection switching algorithm defined in CCITT Recommendation G.783.This method has the further advantage that it does not cause delay variation upon switching so that user information is not affected by forced switching.Also,we show how the parameters used in this method are designed so that adequate performance for hitless switching can be achieved. 1102 The Fuchu Lake Bridge is a cable-stayed bridge,of which tower is a single column of bax section with a dimension of 1.9^m×(2.5--3^m).As the installation space inside tower is very limited,a single-piece-anchor block using weldable cast steel,which we newly developed,was employed to achieve space-saving.This paper describes the study of some anchoring systems,FEM analysis with a 3-dinensional provisional model and practical design method to estimate the stress of the anchor block. 1103 We present a class of associative memories with high capacity which is formed by neurons with selfloops.In the associative operation,an energy function with quadratic terms is minimized,and the stationary condition to be satisfied for stored patterns is relaxed.Thus,the storing ability becomes larger than the Hopfield's associative memories. 1104 In these days,the realization of wireless LANs are strongly expected,and the standardization of wireless LAN is in progress in IEEE802.11 (U.S.A.) and also in RCR (Japan).As far as reliability,initial cost and the utilization of existing communication resources,fully distributed peer-to-peersystem which is compatible with 1OBASE5,has high potential.In this article,"random pulse CAMA, CA" method for realizing fully distributed peer-to-peer system is proposed,in which method some pulses with random intervals are sent prior to user data for obtaining access right.At last its good performance is shown through analysis. 1105 This paper describes a new supervised speaker adaptation method based on vector field smoothing,for small size adaptation data.This method assumes that the correspondence of feature vectors between speakers can be viewed as a kind of smooth vector field,and interpolation and smoothing of the correspondence are introduced into the adaptation process for higher adaptation performance.The proposed adaptation method was applied to discrete HMM based speech recognition and evaluated in Japanese phoneme and phrase recognition experiments.Using 10 words as the adaptation data,the proposed method produced almost the same results as the conventional codebook mapping method with 25 words.These experiments clearly confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed method. 1106 This paper describes a highly accurate speech recognition system called"SSS-LR"where a phoneme-context-dependent LR parser drives allophonic HMMs represented efficiently as a shared-state network automatically generated by the Successive State Splitting (SSS) algorithm.In this system,the SSS principle has also been applied to duration clustering:optimal clusters of phoneme-context-dependent durations are automatically generated independently of the HMnet-based allophonic classes.The SSS-LR achieved a phrase recognition rate of 93.2%,the best recognition result reported for the 1000-word recognition experiments conducted at ATR,using the ATR 5240 Japanese word data base for training.This recognition rate was obtained with a smaller beam width in comparison with discrete HMM(fuzzy vector quantization) and continuous mixture density HMM.This shows that fast parsing with high accuracy canbe realized. 1107 Three strains of Pasteuria penetrans isolated from Meloidogyne incognita,M.javanica and M.hapla,which are mainly distributed in Japan,were examined in their abihty of attachment to approximately 20 populations of the three Meloidogyne species.They specifically attached to the second-stage juveniles of only the same species as their original host.Second-stage juveniles attached by P.penetrans stuck together through the spores of P.penetrans,and it could be observed by a low magnification microscope.These strains of P.penetrans could be used in the identification of several unknown populations of three Meloidogyne species.The result perfectly agreed with the identification used by esterase (EST) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) phenotypes. 1108 A bistable electro-optical switching can be occurred in a smectic phase of (liquid crystalline side chain polymer:LCP), (low molecular weight liquid crystal:LMWLC) composite system.In this study,an effect of molecular mobility of the LCP main chain on the bistable electro-optical switching was investigated.In addition,it was tried that the bistable electro-optical switching of composite system was driven at room temperature.Phase diagrams of the composite systems revealed that the LCP, LMWLC,and the LCP including a dimethylsiloxane group/LMWLC composite systems showed a smectic phase above 60wt% and 50wt% of LCP fraction,respectively.This smectic phase is necessary to realize an excellent memory effect for the composite system.It is apparent from the dielectric relaxation studies that molecular mobility for the main chain of LCP increased with decreasing a degree of polymenrization.In particular,molecular mobility was further enhanced by using the copolymer including a dimethylsiloxane group.The higher electro-optical response speed was observed for the composite system composed of LCP showing higher molecular mobility of the main chain.The stable memory effect and high speed optical switching can be realized at room temperature for the composite system composed of the liquid crystalline side chain copolymer including a dimethylsiloxane group and LMWLC which was in a nematic phase at room temperature. 1109 This paper presents the results of current research issues on an integrated design and construction planning system which efficiently covers interactive cooperations between designers,engineers,and project managers at early planning and designing stages.To explore this distributed planning,several issues such as representation and organization of knowledge and constraints,database management,hierarchical network of object-models which represent a building space model,building system models,construction method models,construction activity models,site layout models are investigated.Also,applications of expert systems using these models in several planning stages and further research issues to explore our concept are presented. 1110 An adaptive array antenna can be considered as a useful tool of combating with fading in mobile communications.We can directly obtain the optimal weight coefficients without updating in a temporal domain,if the arrival angles and signal-to noise ratio(SNR)of the desired and the undesired signals can be accurately estimated.The Maximum Entropy Method(MEM)can estimate the arrival angles,and the SNR from spatially sampled signals bv an arrav antenna more precisely than the Discrete Fourier Transform(DFT).Therefore,this paper proposes and investigates an adaptive array antenna based on spatial spectral estimation using MEM.We call it MEM array.In order to reduce complexity for implementation,we also propose a modified algorithm using temporal updating.Furthermore,we propose a method of both improving estimation accuracy and reducing the number of antenna elements,in which the arrival angles can be approximately estimated by using temporal sampling instead of spatiaj sampling.Computer simulations evaluate MEM array in comparison with DFT array and LMS array,and show improvement owing to its modified algorithm. 1111 PBpy is the first example that the polymer main chains are totally built of bpy units,and we have had interest in its coordinate properties.We have carried out reactions of PBpy with transition metal complexes of Ru and so on.We now report the results of these reactions,and the properties and reactivities of these metallopolymer.PBpy was synthesized using Ni zero valent complex as previously described.PBpy was used in the form of powder or casting film on Pt electrode.Ru(bpy)_2Cl_2⋅nH_2O was prepared following the improved literature procedures.The reaction of PBpy with Ru(bpy)_2Cl_2⋅nH_2O were carried out under reflux in H_2O in heterogeneous system.After various reactions,precipitates and films were washed with H_2O and MeOH,then dried.We obtained powder whose color was dark yellow to dark orange.Its color depends on reaction time.Electrical conductivities of these powders were from --10^<-7> S cm^<-1> to --10^<-5> S cm^<-1>,the value being considerably higher than that of original PBpy(--10^<-12> S cm^<-1>).By using PBpy film on Pt electrode,we obtained a red orange film after reaction.Cyclic voltammogram of this film was measured(100 mv, s,vs.Ag/Ag^+,in CH_3CN /0.1 M n-Bu_4NClO_4). The color of film changed to black at anodic potentials,and to pale yellow at cathodic potentials.The doping and undoping peaks of original PBpy(-2.4v,-2.0v)disappeared,and new redox peaks appeared corresponding to redox of the Ru site.From these results,we suggest that Ru coordinates to PBpy.We also report other properties(photoelectrochemical,etc.)of these metallopolymer. 1112 A conventional measurement method for absorber characteristics is arch method.This method is good system at comparatively high frequency (f≧ 2GHz).However measurement error becomes large at lower frequency.We propose the method by planar near field technique to measure the reflection coefficient of the wave absorber for the oblique incident TM waves.We measure the veflection coefficient by the reflected power from the wave absorver and from the reference conducting board.The measurement for the sample is demonstrated and is compared with the results using measured absorber parameters. 1113 This paper describes a scenario writing data model for designing multimedia applications.From a hypermedia designing view point,the scenario writing can be regard as process of the template designing about hypermedia structure.This paper proposes a scenario writing data model named "template model" to design hypermedia structure.The proposal model provides (1)reducing authoring cost,(2)simple hypermedia structure by a top down designing strategy,(3)sharing authoring. 1114 EBMT(Example-Based Machine Translation)is proposed.EBMT retrieves similar examples(pairs of texts and their translations),adapting the examples to translate a new input.EBMT has the following features:(1)is easily upgraded;(2)produces a reliability factor;(3)is quick;(4)is robust;and(5)well utilizes translator expertise.An experiment translating Japanese noun phrases of the form"N_1noN_2"to English is described.Broad applicability of EBMT is discussed using text corpus. 1115 Abstract:Low damage InGaAs, AlGaAs etching was realized by the ECR plasma with Cl_2/He mixture for HBTs emitter mesa formation.By optimizing the etching pressure and the Cl_2/He ratio,n-InGaAs cap layer and n-AlGaAs emitter layer were successively etched and the smooth surface morphology was obtained.Raman scattering spectra and the base contact resistance indicated that the etching induced damage was extremely low.Moreover,it was found that the etching rate of p-AlGaAs base layer decreased down to two-thirds of that for n-AlGaAs emitter layer under the optimized etching condition.These results demonstrate the potentiality of ECR plasma etching with Cl_2/He discharge to provide degradation-free dry etching for AlGaAs/GaAs HBTs. 1116 Our research aims studying the feasibility of conducting polymers as an interface in response to signals from mammalian cells cultured on them.In previous study,it was found that chromaff in cells adhered on the polypyrrole substrate and survived without significant morphological thanges for 2weeks,since the cells cultured on the substrate were immunopositive in immunostaining study with antityrosinhydroxylase antibodies.In this paper,prithary culture of chromaffin cells on the polypyrrole films was performed for 7days and the cell viabilty was evaluated by catecholamines (CA) assay. 1117 Polyimides often applied to the micro-electronics.Since application of polyimides expanded rapidly the micro-electronics particularly semi-conductor devices,diversified propertiLes became to be required to polyimides.Then we take note of silicon compounds,especially the Si-H group,we study new polyimides containing the Si-H group at the main-chain.We investigated method of syntheses new anhydrides containing the Si-H group for new polyimides.we carried out the syntheses of these anhydrides as follows:1.We synthesized Grignard reagent of 2-chloro-1,,3-budadiene.2.This Grignard reagent were allowed to react with chlorosilanes containing the Si-H group,so we got the butadienyl-silanes.3.These butadineyl-silanes and malic-anhydride were took part of in the Diels-Alder reaction.We got some new anhydrides containing the Si-E group for the above-mentioned polyimides.We tried a few experiments that the above Grignard reagent were made to react with a few chlorosilanes.The reactivity depends on steric hindrance of chlorosilanes.we also report the results of DSC measurements of new anhydrides containing the Si-H group. 1118 Hydrosilane(Si-H)groups are well known to undergo various reactions:hydrosilylation,solvolysis,reduction,etc.Polyimides containing the Si-H group are,therefore,expected to be reactive.To control the reactivity,we may improve the physical properties of polymer.One of the probable difficulties is to prevent side reactions of the Si-H group during the process of polymerization and imidization.We have investigated the synthesis of novel hydrosilane-containing polyimides using bis(tetrahydrophthalic anhydride)silane and bis(tetrahydrophthalic anhydride)methylsilane with 4,4'oxydianiline.Polyamic acids of containing followed by the Si-H group were synthesized in DMF solvent under N2 atmosphere at room temperature.The Si-H group was 2100cm-1 peak in IR measurements.The 2100cm-1 peak was disappeared during imidization of the polyamic acid at 250°C for 5hr under vacuum.However,chimical emidization under mild conditions provided polyimides containing the Si-H group which was found to be soluble in various organic solvents:dichloromethane,DMF,γ-butylolactone,etc. 1119 Polyimides have exellent thermal properties,and are used extensively as high temprature coating material.However,almost all polyimides lack adhesiveness to substrates and solubility in organic solvents.Various attempts have been tried to dissolve such disadvantage,e.g.,by incorporation of siloxane structure,etc.We have investigated novel hydrosilane-containing polyimides which were soluble in various organic solvents and were expected to improve adhesiveness.As a reference,a dimethylsilane-containing polyimide was synthesized,and the effect of the incorporation of the hydrosilane group on the adhesiveness of the polymer was investigated.Novel hydrosilane-containing polyimides and the reference polyimide were dissolved in γ-butylolactone or DMF followedby spin-coating and casting at 200°C-for 1 hr in vacuo to form 6-9μm thick films on various substrates.Adhesive strength was estimated by an adhesive tape peeling method.Adhesive strength was also estimated for the films after pressure-cocker treatment for 5 hr.The effect of the incorporation of the hydrosilane group on the adhesiveness was clearly observed after thepressure-cocker treatment.Physical and electric properties of the polyimides are also reported. 1120 Polyimides have high thermodegradation temperature(Td) and high glass transition temperature(Tg),and are useful material for micro-electronics and other fields required high thermal stability.Aiming at the functionalization of the polyimide,we synthesized hydrosilane-containing polyimides which were soluble in various solvents.We expected that the hydrosilane group might be functional and could react with various substrates to form a covalent bond.Further,a dimethylsilane-containing polyimide was synthesized as a reference,and the effect of the incorporation of the hydrosilane group on the thermal properties of the polymer was investigated.Novel hydrosilane-containing polyimides and the reference polyimide were dissolved in γ-butylolactone followed by casting at 60 °C to form films.The films were annealed at different temperatures,200 °C and 250 °C,in vacuo.Tgs obtained with DSC of the films after annealed at 200 °C were not very different:192°C-183°C.After annealed at 250 °C,Tg of dihydrosilane-containing polyimide was increased more than 50 °C despite the slight increase in Tg of other polyimides.The reason of the abrupt increase in Tg of dihydrosilane-containing polyimide is not yet determined:whether by cross-linking or by packing.Tds,absorption spectra and refractive indexes of the hydrosilane-containing polyimides are also reported. 1121 There are several algebraic transformation algorithms that generate a data flow diagram from the dependency relationship between input and output of a system.It is difficult to give the complete definition for the dependency relationship in the early stage of requirements analysis,though they automatically generate a data flow diagram.This paper proposes a revision algorithm for a data flow diagram to solve the problem.It incrementally modifies a data flow diagram according to the insertion and deletion of a portion of the dependency relationship between system input and output.It provides means to develop a data flow diagram in the course of making a definition of the dependency relationship for a target system. 1122 We made small banking of light-weight soil with expanded plastic,reinforced polyester fiber to identify erosion resistance of fiber.As a result of observation,fiber has durability for rainfall and iteration of wet and dry.Admixing fiber is sufficient to get erosion resistance,compared with cement.And it does not have an evil effect on planting. 1123 In order to install a high gain antenna on a microsatellite wish solar cells on the surface,a new designed microstrip antenna is developed.A high gain antenna needs large area of the surface of a microsatellite,so the area of the solar cells should be reduced.Then,a microstrip antenna with solar cells is designed.By using the technique,high gain antenna can be installed on the surface of the microsatellite without on reduction of the solar power. 1124 This paper proposes reduced-complexity Viterbi equalizer in which stronger power delay waves are selected by a channel estimator using an interpolation method.Viterbi equalizing is performed using only these two waves.Delay waves are selected by using estimated impulse responses.The performance is examined by computer simulation in the case of 256 ksymbol, s,QPSK/TDMA transmission.As a result,it is shown that the proposed method reduces complexity and effective as a compensation for frequency selective fading. 1125 High speed data transmission has recently been studied in digital land mobile communications.As a compensation for frequency selective fading,a channel estimator using an interpolation method for DDFSE (Delayed Decision Feedback Sequence Estimation) equalizer was proposed.This paper proposes an adaptive DDFSE that stronger power delay waves is selected and viterbi equalizing is performed using these wave.Selecting delay wave is performed using estimated impulse responses.The performance is examined by computer simulation in the case of 256 ksymbol, s,QPSK transmission.As a result,it is shown that the proposed method is effective in various delay time of delayed wave. 1126 A photosensitive polyimide with alicyclic diamine was prepared by the reaction of 3,3',4,4'-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA) and 4,4'-methylenebis(2-methylcyclohexylamine)(DMHM) in DMAc followed by the chemical imidization using acetic anhydride and pyridine.The polyimide model compound M(BTDA, n-butylamine)was prepared in the same way.The quantum yield of hydrogen abstraction of M(BTDA, n-butylamine)was 0.56,which was higher than that of model compound prepared with aromatic amine,(M(BTDA/o-ethylaniline)) due to the resttriction of charge transfer in the model compound.The quantum yields of photo-cross-linking of aromatic polyimides PI(BTDA, DEDPM) has been determined to be 0.001.In this study,the quantum yields of photo-cross-linking reaction of PI(BTDA/DMHM)was determined to be 0.004.Because the molecular motion of polymer molecular chains is restricted in the solid state,the quantum yields of photo-cross-linking were not high,even though there are no charge transfer in the polyimides with alicyclic diamines. 1127 Highly isotactic (>80 % isotactic fraction) of PAN was dissolved in an organic solvent,and was allowed to crystallize at a high temperature.A large swollen gelly membrane was formed during the isothermal solution crystallization process at a high temperature.The gelly membrane was recovered as a dried gel film,and structural analysis was carried out by X-ray diffraction.It was shown that quite new crystalline phase is formed in the highly isotactic PAN gel film. 1128 In a coherent lidar system,heterodyne detection problem is treated for Gaussian signal and LO field.The target is assumed to have Gaussian reflection coefficient.The background noise is incident with the signal.To decrease it,a finite aperture is used at the input plane of the detector.The SNR in the output is maximized for various system and beam parameters.The results show that the maximum value of SNR changes little if these parameters arre chosen at their optimum values which change depending on the magnitude of the background noise. 1129 In a teleconferencing system with realistic sensations,a human image is generated by CG.It is required to animate a natural eye movement using CG.In this paper,we describe a real-time animation technique to generate blinking and gaze shift using Graphic Workstation and We report the results of an experiment on the feeling of a gaze.In our experiment,we subjectively evaluate the feeling of eye contact using static and moving eyes.We also perform an experiment on the feeling of gaze direction.Moreover,we describe a real-time CG eye-animation system combined with an eye movement detector.We then subjectively evaluate the allowable transmission delay time when using this system. 1130 The characteristics of active array antenna system developed for INMARSAT-M (Land Mobile Version) are introduced with main focuss on feed system.This antenna is composed of 9 elements array antenna and active feed system.This active feed system is newly developed in order to decrease the ohmic loss of feed system,which generally plays an important role of designing antennas for satellite communication.As a result,this antenna system can provides G, T of -12dBK and EIRP of 22dBW over the elevation angle of more than 40^o. 1131 DNA,one of the most important materials in life process,can be regarded as naturally occurring,highly specific functional biopolymer.Although fibers and films can be prepared from DNA,there is no doubt that they are water-soluble materials and so their usefulness in quite limited.In the present study,blended films composed of DNA and alginic acid were prepared by casting their mixed solution followed by coagulation with aqueous solution of calcium cholride.Surprisingly,DNA in some of the blended films was found not to be eluted when they were soaked in aqueous solution,suggesting very convenient insolubilization of DNA.This phenomenon would be explained by the caging of DNA in the specific,water-insoluble "egg-box" conformation of alginic acid.Exact relationship between the preparative condition of the films and their degree of water-insoluble property was investigated.Further,adsorption of ethidium bromide to water-insoluble DNA-alginic acid films by intercalation was quantitatively investigated. 1132 Recently the thermal environment in the office becomes worse because many office equipments are installed in the office.The thermal environment around the desk for workstation was studied.Three types of desk such as natural convection type,fan powered type,together with underfloor air-conditioning type,was evaluated.From the results,the effect was evaluated when the flow rate was increased accor ding to the capacity of CPU unit.When the desk together with underfloor air-conditioning was used,the air flow rate was decreased. 1133 A self-organization model of cortical color map was proposed.The proposed model consisted of three layers:the input layer corresponds to the cone array in which R,G and B cones are randomly arranged,middle and output layers correspond respectively to the parvocehular LGN layer and V1.Local feedforwaid connections between input and middle layer were fixed to a spatial center-surround form described by the DOG function and connections between middle and output layer were learned in order to extract the principal component vector according to the Hebbian leaxning.The training data set consisted of 1224 sub-images(26 × 26 pixel)sampled by the cone array from a natural image(1225 × 2556 pixel).After learning,the spatio-chromatic properties of the receptive field of output units were analyzed.It turned out that most of the receptive fields showed the color selectivity to spatially uniform stimuli and, or the orientation selectivity to bar stimuli(varying only in luminance).These properties were qualitatively similar to those found in V1. 1134 Several methods of matching-point-detection in stereoscopic images were studied for the purpose of minimizing the detecting error.As the result of the experiments,we have proposed a new matching method called 'Rubber-matching',into which the characteristics of the human visual system have been introduced.Using this method,the matching-error rate has been reduced to about 10% of that of conventional block-matching. 1135 We developed a novel in vitro trnascription system consisting of protein fraction extracted from highly purified nuclei of tabacco suspension-cultured cell,BY-2.The nuclear extract directed RNA polymerase II-mediated accurate initiation of transcription on the plasmid DNA template with the minimal promotor of TC7 gene and Gfree casette as atranscribed region.The transcriptional machinery in the tabacco BY-2 nuclear extract responded more sensitively to point mutations in the TATA element on templates than that in HeLa nuclear extract did.Addition of phosphate to the buffer for isolation of the nuclei was essential to obtain active transcriptional machinery with accurate initiation of transcription.These observations suggest that phosphorylation of protein(s) in transcriptional machinery is required for accurate initiation of transcription. 1136 The mixtures of distilled water,2-acryloyloxyethyl hydrogen maleate (2AEM) and N-methylolacrylamido(MEAA) were used as the self-etching primers to improve the bond strength of light-cured composite resin to polished dentin.The self-etching primers were applied onto the polished dentin surface for 60 sec and the surface was dried with a compressed air for 20 sec.Then the Clearfil Photo Bond and he Photo Clearfil A were applied over the treated surface.They were exposed to visible light for 40 seconds.The shear bond strength was measured after being immersed in 37°C water for 24 hours.The self-etching primers containing 10wt% 2AEM-40wt% MEAA and 25wt% 2AEM-25wt% MEAA gave higher bond strength than the others. 1137 Xyloglucans bind to cellulose microfibrils because they contain the cellulose-like 1,4-β-glucan backbone.The native xyloglucan and cellulose complex(cell ghosts)contains 14-fold higher levels of xyloglucan than that in the reconstituted coroplex.This may provide a rigidity to cell walls by the binding of adjacent microfibrils.Annealing of xyloglucan with cellulose was tested at 80,120,160 and 200 °C.X-ray patterns for cellulose showed that annealing for cellulose molecules in the presence of water was increased in their crystal but the formation of their crystal was inhibited in the presence of xyloglucan. 1138 Epoxy resins contract during the curing process,so that large residual stress arises in the cured resins.The residual stress causes various defects,e.g.crack,delamination,and reduction of quality in the coating and adhesive properties.Therefore it is very important subject to prevent the shrinkage and the residual stress of cured epoxy resins.The possibility in the reduction of the residual by designing the packing density and the mobility of network chains is discussed,and then the effects of the residual stress on the bonding properties of epoxy coatings and adhesive joints are described. 1139 In the biphenol type epoxy resin cured with 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane(DDM),the glass transition was almost disappeared and thus high elastic modulus was obtained in the rubbery region.On the other hand,the glass transition of the system cured with phenol novolak(PN)was clearly observed.the reason for the difference between the DDM cured system and PN cured system was pursued from the viewpoint of the conformation of network chains.Thus,it was suggested that the disappearance of a glass,transitions in the diphenol resin is due to the orientation of the biphenol groups in the networks. 1140 Laminated FeTaN heads for Hi-Vision digital VTRs have been developed.The FeTaN film is suited to a head core material for high coercivity media,because of its high saturation flux density,soft magnetic properties,high Vickers hardness and corrosion resistance.The head showed smaller pulse width,higher reproduced output and C, N,superior recording/reproducing characteristics in the high frequency range over 20MHz,compared with Sendust head in the same design.The laminated FeTaN heads are expected to be suitable heads for high data transfer rate digital recording,such as Hi-Vision digital VTRs. 1141 Recently,we found that cell growth factors were more active in the immobilized than in the free(soluble)state.However,the effect was not shown in serum-free culture of anchorage-independent cells.In this study,polyallylamine,which physico-chemically promoted cell adhesion,and insulin were coimmobilized on hydrolyzed PMMA membrane.The growth of anchorage-dependent and -independent cells were accelerated in serum-free culture on the coimmobilized membrane. 1142 We investigated the enantioselective adsorption abilities of cellulose derivative membranes bearing photoresponsive azobenzene moiety in order to study photocontrol of chiral recognition.1-CPAPC having 3,5-dimetylphenylcarbamate groups at 2-and 3-positions and 4-phenylazophenylcarbamate group at 6-positions and Cellulose tris(4-phenylazophenylcarbamate)(3-CPAPC) were prepared and used as photoresponsive membranes.The changes of the absorption and circular dichroism (CD) spectra during the course of trans-cis isomerization of these polymers by irradiation in THF were reversible.The chiral recognition abilities of the membranes were different depending on the content of cis%.The enantiomeric excesses (ee) of oxprenolol adsorbed on the 1-CPAPC membrane of trans-isomer and that of cis-isomer were 44% and 24%,respectively. 1143 Phenylcarbamate derivatives of polysaccharides show high chiral recognition abilities as chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for HPLC.Their chiral recognition depends greatly on the type and position of substituents introduced onto the phenyl groups of the carbamate derivatives.In this report,we prepared new phenylcarbamate derivatives of cellulose (1) and amylose (2) having methyl and chloro substituents on the phenyl groups,such as 4-chloro-3-methyl (a),3-chloro-4-methyl (b),3-chloro-2-methyl(c),5-chloro-2-methyl(d),2-chloro-4-methyl(e),2-chloro-5-methyl(f),2-chloro-6-methyl(g),and 4-chloro-2-methyl(f) and their chiral recognition abilities were evaluated as CSPs for HPLC.Optical resolution was carried out using some racemates such as Troger's base (2),trans-stibene oxide (3),1-(9-anthryl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (4),Co(acac)_3(5),and trans-cyclopropanedicarboxylic acid dianilide (6).The chiral recognition abilities were greatly dependent on the type and position of substituents introduced onto the phenyl groups.The cellulose derivatives with methyl and chloro groups at metha and para-position (1a and 1b) showed much higher optical resolving power than those having substituent at ortho-position (1c-h) On the other hand,in case of amylose derivatives the CSP 2d showed the highest chiral recognition power. 1144 In this study the effect of crosslinking of collagen(I),gelatin(from bovine bone)and human amniotic membrane consisting of collagen(V)and type IV basement membrane on the degradation with collagenase was investigated.In addition,chitin and chitosan with different degrees of deacetylation were used for the degradation with lysozyme.Crosslinking of collagen and gelatin films and the amniotic membrane were carried out by immersing them in glutaraldehyde(GA)solution.They were hydrolyzed with collagenase at 37°C and pH 7.4.Lysozyme from egg white was used for in vitro degradation of chitin and chitosan.It was found crosslinking of collagen,gelatin and the amniotic membrane,and the degree of deacetylation of chitin remarkably affected the degradation in vitro. 1145 Cytotoxicity was studied for some crosslinkers involving glutaraldehyde(GA),formaldehyde(FA),water-soluble-carbodiimide(WSC),and epoxy compounds.which have been used for crosslinking of proteins.For this test,neutral red assay^<1)> was carried out using L929 or normal rabbit corneal epithelial cell(NRCE).Cells were first cultured for three days and then treated with the compounds to be tested further for two days at 37°C and 5%CO_2.Viability of the cells was estimated from the uptake of neutral red.The compound concentration reducing the cell viability to 50%,NR50,was determined and used as the index of cytotoxicity.It was found that the epoxy compounds were lowest in cytotoxicity among the crosslinkers used in this study.A relatively good correlation was obtained between the in vitro test(NR50)and the in vivo test(primary irritancy index).In addition,as the chain length of the epoxy compounds was longer,the toxicity became lower for both the invivo and in vitro tests.(Reference)1)H.Torishima,H.Arakawa,S.Matsui,and M.Watanabe,Altern.Anim.Test.Exp.,1__-,20-26,1990. 1146 In an attempt to obtain water-insoluble but biodegradable films,we performed chemical crosslinking of hyaluronic acid(HA)which is a naturally occurring mucopolysaccharide found in synovial fluid,vitreous humor,blood vessel walls,umbilical cord,and other connective tissues.Crosslinking of HA was carried out with water-soluble 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide(WSC)in the presence of amino acids or amino acid methyl esters by immersing the noncrosslinked HA films in water(20)- ethanol(80)mixture at 25°C for 24 hr.Ethanol was added prevent the HA films from dissolution into water.The water content of crosslinked HA films was measured after swelling the films with PBS(pH 7.4)at 37°C for 20hr.To study the biodegradation of the crosslinked films,they were implanted subcutaneously in rat.It was observed that most of the films remained unchanged without detectable inflammation 1 week after implantation. 1147 It has been well-known that metallophthalocyanines act as oxidation catalysts and change catalytic activities by the kind of center metal ion.Last year,it had been estimated that a cobalt(II)phthalocyanine tetracarboxylic acid calcium salt modified on electrode catalyzed electrochemical oxidation of pyrrole for its oxidative polymerization.We have determined preparation of polypyrrole by electrochemically and chemically catalytic oxidation of pyrrole.Electrochemical oxidation of pyrrole by an anode was carried out using an iron(III)phthalocyanine tetracarboxylic acid calcium salt modified on ITO electrode.And chemical oxidation by dioxygen in air was carried out pyrrole using the iron(III)phthalocyanine (FePc) film.And we also investigated a novel mechanism of oxidative polymerization of pyrrole.As a result,oxidation of pyrrole using the phthalocyanine modified electrode occurred in lower potential than that of non-modified ITO electrode.It was suggested that the polymerization of pyrrole proceeded through a catalytic process in the presence of FePc.At next experiment using oxygen,preparation of polypyrrole was clearly observed in the visible spectrum of the FePc film exposed to pyrrole vapor at room temperature.It was suggested that the FePc catalyzes the pyrrole oxidation in energy-advantageously. 1148 The purpose of this paper is to compare the filtered-x LSL(least square lattice)algorithm with the filtered-x LMS algorithm in the case of the random noise application of active noise control such as road noise in a car during driving on rough roads.The method of comparison is to predict cancellation of sound pressure by comuter simulations using the data measued in the car.As a result,Convergence speed and cancellation of sound pressure by the filtered-x LSL algorithm turns out to be better than those by the filtered-x LMS algorithm. 1149 The present study deals with the synthesis and properties of aromatic polyamines(III)by the polycondensation of 2-substituted 4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazines with aromatic diamines(II).The polymers having high molecular weight were easily prepared by the solution polycondensation of anilino(I1),diphenylamino(I2),and dicyclohexylamino(I3)substituted dichlorotriazines with II in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone(NMP)at 80-100°C.These polymers were readily soluble in amide-type solvents such as dimethylformamide and NMP,giving yellow,tranceparent,and tough cast-films with tensile strength of 70-100 MPa.The glass transition temperatures of polymers were in the range of 190-240°C and incresed in the following order:III1<III2<III3,depending on the bulkiness of substituents. 1150 In this paper,we prepared racemic and optically active acetylene and norbornene derivatives and polymerized them by transition metal catalysts.We also polymerized them by chiral transition metal catalysts to examine a possibility of enantioselective polymerization.Optically active 1-phenyl-1-(o-chlorophenyl)prop-2-yn-1-ol and(-)-sparteine complex((-)-1-Sp)were prepared according to the method reported.Optically active(S,S)-(+)-trans-2,3-dicarbophenoxynorbornene((S,S)-(+)-2)was prepared by asymmetric Diels Alder reaction The(±)-1 and (-)-1-Sp were polymerized by £RhCl(NBD)!_2 to afford hexane-insoluble oligomers.The optically active oligomer obtained from (-)-1-Sp contained almost an equimolar amount of Sp,which was removed by treating with HCl.The oligomer showed positive CD peak at around 340 nm,probably due to a predominant screw sense of the main chain.Optically active poly(norbornene derivative)was obtained by polymerization of (+)-2 with WCl_6-Ph_4Sn.The stereoregurality of the polymer may be different from that of poly((±)-2). 1151 In this study,we report copolymerization of phenolic and aromatic amine compounds in order to extend the scope of enzymatic polymerization.The copolymerization was carried out in a mixture of 1,4-dioxane and phosphate buffer(80:20 vol%;pH=7.0)at room temperature under air for 72 hours.The copolymerization of o-phenylenediamine(o -PDA)andp -phenylphenol(l:l molar ratio)afforded a copolymer with molecular weight of 6x104 in 45% yield,and that of o -PDA and plenol gave insoluble copolymer. 1152 A series of attempts has been made to improve the efficiency of the rotary water jet.Iron-pitting tests and concrete-demolishing tests are carried out after some improvements such as the mixing of polymer resin into the water jet and the optimum arrangement of the nozzle.The results show that the water jet with polymer additive can get higher breaking efficiency by 20-50 % than it used to be,especially when a deeper excavation is intended.As of the nozzle arrangement,20 degrees of attacking angle are the best in efficiency. 1153 This paper proposes a parameter designing method of dynamic Connection Admission Control(CAC)for ATM networks.Dynamic CAC uses not only negotiated traffic descriptors by users but cell flow measurement to provide high utilization while maintaing QOS standards.The estimated distribution of the cell flow measurement is renewed by using a parameter that increases the weight of the measurement exponentially.The parameter dimensioning is a key to satisfy QOS standards and to provide high utilization.We analyze the relationship between the parameter and the estimate of cell loss probability with a heterogeneous bursty traffic model,and we show numerical examples demonstrating the effect of the parameter. 1154 Among various types of synthetic polymers,poly-p-phenylene benzobisoxazole(PBO),poly-p-phenylene benzobisthiazole(PBT),and poly-p-phenylene pyromellitimide(PPPI)give the highest Young's modulus and strength along the chain axis.But they are weak in the directions perpendicular to the chain axis because of intermolecular nonbonded van der Waals interactions.In order to increase the stiffness in the directions not only along the chain axis but also normal to the chain axis,the molecular design has been tried to create noble synthetic polymers which are three-dimensionally rigid.Dowell£Mat.Res.Soc.Symp.Proc.,134,33(1989)!proposed a model of PBO with rigid side chains such as PPTA(poly-p-phenylene terephthalamide).These chains were arrayed in parallel so that the side chains meet side by side properly through hydrogen bondings.She predicted these polymers should give ultra-high Young's modulus.On the basis of our experience in molecular-theoretical investigation of elastic constants of polymer crystals,however,such a structure should not give any high modulus because of its too large cross-sectional area.Then we tried to calculate the modulus for such two-dimensionally or three-dimensionally hydrogen-bonded polymer models.The result is only ca.200 GPa along the skeletal chain and ca.20 GPa in the plane normal to the chain axis:the values are in the range of flexible polymers.Then,in order to increase the modulus in the direction normal to the chain axis,the PBO or PPPI chains were linked together three-dimensionally by strong covalent bonds such as acetylene and alkene groups.The structures were minimized energetically and the elastic constants were calculated by "Professional Polygraf Version 3.20(Molecular Simulation)".The result is ca.400 GPa along the main chain direction and 200-370 GPa in the planes perpendicular to the chain axis. 1155 In the conventional algorithmic debugging methods that locate a fault under the guidance of a system,there are some problems such that they cannot be applied to procedural languages,can locate a faulty function but not a faulty statement,or cannot detect a fault concerning missing statements.A fault-locating method for procedural languages,which can locate an types of faults including missing statements by using critical slices,has been presented.For a variable-value error that occurred,a critical slice is a set of the statements that might have caused the error if they include wrong-value faults.This paper presents a method for optimizing the size of this critical slice by analyzing relationship between executed instructions. 1156 The demands from the user community of user interfaces better adapted to novice and casual users led to the development of interfaces based on a simple,easy and uniform method.On the other hand,the rapid growth of computer networks will soon make it possible that novice users will use various kinds of services provided through the networks."MAP&ROOM" is a concept for a network user interface realizing easy and friendly communication in a network environment.In an application based on MAP&ROOM,a part of the network is expressed as a map metaphor in which a lot of buildings,shops,offices,etc.are located as objects for services provided by various parties,and the users can manipulate puppets as the other selves of himself or herself to walk around the map and access various services.Using a map as a metaphor of a part of computer networks,users can easily recognize the network spatially. 1157 Recently,we have reported the first in vitro synthesis of cellulose by the enzymatic polymerization of β-D-cellobiosyl fluoride 1a.In this study,three new cellobiose derivative monomers,6,6'-di-O-methyl-β-D-cellobiosyl fluoride 1b,6-O-methyl-β-D-cellobiosyl fluoride 1c,and 6'-O-methyl-β-D-cellobiosyl fluoride 1d,were synthesized.Then,their enzymatic behavior toward the cellulase have been investigated.The disubstituted derivative 1b was slowly hydrolyzed by the cellulase at the 1 position of the reducing end(C-F bond cleavage).The 6-O-methylated derivative 1c was converted to glucose and 6-O-methyl glucose by cleavage of the glycosidic linkage of 1'position.The C-F bond cleavage preferentially took place when a purified enzyme of endoglucanase was used.The 6'-O-methylated derivative 1d was found to be hydrolyzed by the cellulase more smoothly than 1b or 1c giving rise to 6'-O-methyl cellobiose.These results indicate that all the derivatives are recognized as substrates by the cellulase and are potentially usable for the enzymatic polymerization. 1158 In case of design of foundation for civil structures and safety monitoring for that,the accurate and economical measuring method for complicated groundwater pressure distribution is required.Hence the Multiple Groundwater Level Measuring System (hereinafter referred to as the MGL System) has been developed in order to observe groundwater pressures at several points in a single borehole.Case studies are described in this paper. 1159 Multiple packer method is aviable for 116mm diameter bore-hole,it is possible to change a pressure-gauge when it goes wrong with.Pressure-gauge included pipe method is aviable for 66mm diameter bore-hole,but it is impossible to change a pressure-gauge.In order to difuse MGL system we chose pressure-gauge included pipe method.To get more reliability,one resreve pressure-gauge was added each pressure-gauge. 1160 In the research areas such as interpretation, translation/generation of spoken dialogues,an integrated architecture for natural language processing is strongly required,since no single sort of(partial)information is decisive to derive appropriate results,and thus there should be diverse interactions among several sorts of information.Abduction is one of the powerful approaches to realize practical integrated NLP systems.In this paper,we propose an efficient computation mechanism for abduction based integrated NLP systems.Our algorithm proposed so far,called a generalized chart based prover,is modified to treat assumptions,and is extended to an abductive prover.We show details of the new algorism along with simple examples aiming at its application to integrated NLP systems. 1161 This article discusses the verification method for a network where newfunction is added on a part of network nodes.This framework is new and verification has not discussed in it.The article clarifies the illegal action occurs when a message which is send by existing function is received by new function,and also clarifies fundamental properties of illegal action. 1162 In this paper,we show the effect of s, a on the properties of aerated concrete.The test results are as follows,compressive strength/specific gravity increase with decrease of s/a,the drying shrinkage/specific gravity decrease with decrease of s/a. 1163 In this paper,we describe a method for detecting someone comimg nearer or into a dangerous region from image sequences.We define features of person's shape and motion as fuzzy membership functions.Degree of object similarity is calculated with the values of fuzzy membership functions about shape,and degree of motion similarity is about motion.Degree of motion similarity is defined every remarkable motions.It is judged if there is some motions to detect by calculating with the degrees of object similarity and motion similarities,and output alarm corresponded to the value.Through the experiment,we confirmed that output alarm corresponded to the degrees of object similarity and motion similarities. 1164 This paper describes Automatic spoken language identification methods based on CHMMs(Continuous density Hidden Markov Models)for acoustic features.The hidden Markov modeling is used to represent the dynamics of the states of the vocal tract.Since each language has its proper phonotactics,HMM can catch it.A HMM topology was a full structured(ergodic)model that any state could transit to every states.The HMM was trained using both the Baum-Welch(Forward-Backward)algorithm and the Viterbi algorithm.The latter was used for emphasizing the state trainsition probability.For comparison,we also experimented on the identification using CMDF(Continuous Mixture Density output probability Functions).For the experiment of the identification,utterances of 4 languages(English,Japanese,Mandarin Chinese and Indonesian)were modeled by several HMMS.They were uttered by 15 male speakers(10 for training the HMM and 5 for testing)for each language. 1165 A new Block Coded FH-16QAM, TDMA system is treated.This system is composed of some effective techniques.The first is block coded 16 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (16QAM) and Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE),the second is pilot symbol assisted modulation,the third is slow cyclical Frequency Hopping (FH).And also we newly introduce 'space symbol'.This symbol has a function to improve BER quality caused by co-channel interference.Then,the results of computer simulation are demonstrated. 1166 This paper presents an effective approarch of initial rapid alignment and calibration on a strapdown marine inertial navigation system with three fiber optic gyros and tree accelerometers.In this approarch,a feedfoward compensator,which implements an identification scheme of vessel motion,is used to improve the accuracy and settling time of alignment and calibration. 1167 The most promissing way to improve the bit density of the magneto-optical(MO)recording is to shorten the wavelength of the laser for read-write.Nd-3d transition metal(TM)alloys such as NdCo and NdFeCo have large Kerr rotation in the wavelength range of blue to ultra violet.So they are candidates for ultra high density MO media using blue laser.However,Nd-TMfilms are ferromagnetic and it is difficult to achieve the perpendicular magnetization.Because of the large magnetization.We have thried to induce the perpendicular anisotropy in Nd-TM by multilayered structure.NdCo, Co,NdCo/Fe and NdGd/Fe multilayers were prepared by sputtering method.Perpendicular magnetization with square hysteresis was obtained in NdGd/Fe multilayers.FdGd/FeMLs have the Curie temperature of 135°C and the Kerr rotation of 0.33deg.at λ=400nm. 1168 Recendy,the authors reported the synthesis of polymers having NBD moieties in the main chain or side chain and its photochemical reaction.We wish to report here novel synthesis and photochemical reaction of polyesters containing pendant NBD moieties by ring opening alternating copolymerization of NBD derivatives containing epoxide group with carboxylic anhydride.Various NBD monomers containing epoxide group were synthesized by reaction of potassium salts of NBD derivatives with epichlorohydrin.Ring opening altenating copolymerization of various NBD derivatives containing epoxide group with various carboxylic anhydrides was carried out using tetrabuthylammonium bromide(TBAB)as a catalyst in sulforane at 100°C for 24 h to give corresponding polyesters containing pendant NBD moieties.The photochemical property of the polyesters thus obtained was evaluated in the film state.The photochemical valence isomerization of various NBD moieties proceeded quantitatively to the corresponding quadricyclane(QC)groups upon irradiation with UV-light in the film state.It was found that the rate of isomerization of charchone type NBD derivative was faster than other NBD polyesters. 1169 We need to know the real intention of participants which are not expressed by verbal languages.This means that not only verbal information but also non-verbal information(i.e.,gestures,facial expression,eyes of participant,etc.)is very important factor.We proposed and had implemented the MAJIC^1 system that eye contact to remote places with a life sized image is capable.Actually,many users have used this system and it derived results that can to regulate the feeling which a user feels by changing the size of projection image.And we have carried out some evaluations about existense and nonexistense of the seam of display between a participant and the other one.The change of projection images size and background image pattern results in much affect to conferencing users.In this paper,we propose a new system which is based on the data acquired by this analysis. ^1Multi-Attendant Joint Interface for Collaboration 1170 Isocyanate of l-Leucine methyl ester(1)was prepared by the reaction of l-Leucine methyl ester hydrochloride and phosgene.Specific rotation of 1 was -21.2°(c 0.5 g, dL,CHC1_3).Anionic polymerization of 1 in DMF was carried out using sodium cyanide and methyflithium at -50°C under nitrogen atmosphere.White powdery polymer was precipitated in a few minutes after the addition of initiator.The polymers obtained were not soluble in common organic solvents such as TBF,chloroform,DMSO,and so on,but soluble in trifluoroacetic acid and sulfuric acid.Inherent viscosity of the polymers measured in sulfuric acid was 0.13-- 0.18 dL/g.Structure of the polymers was confirmed as nylon- 1(2)from the ^1H NMR and IR spectra.Yield of the methanol-insoluble polymers in the polymerization with methyllithium was higher than that with sodium cyanide.No methanol-insoluble polymer was obtained in the polymerization at room temperature.Specific rotation of the polymers(c -5.6 -- -8.2°)rose as the amount of methyllithium decreased. 1171 A production control method for extrusion moulding of standardized cementitious materials with wide ranges of mix proportions is originally proposed to determine operating points by means of performing both standard extrusion tests and single shear tests.The following technical items are clarified;1)Operating points,namely extruding pressure and velocity,are briefly predicted on the basis of water content ratio.2)Conveying rate per revolution of screw is uniquely related to extruding pressure,from which the operating points can be calculated.3)Extruding pressure was directly influenced by shear strength of fresh mortar,especially internal friction coefficient. 1172 A novel phagocytosis-stimulating peptide was isolated from a tryptic digest of soybean protein after three steps of HPLC.The structure was MITLAIPVNKPGR.This peptide was derived from conglycinin.We named this peptide soymetide.Methionine at the C-terminus was essential for stimulating phagocytosis.On the other hand,the activity was increased gradually by deletion of amino acids from the C-terminus of soymetide Soymetide-9(MITLAIPVN)showed the highest activity.The activity was decreased gradually by deletion of amino acids from the C-terminus of soymetide-9 step by-step.The minimal structure for the activity was soymetide-4(MITL).Soymetide-9 and -4 were released from soymtide by the action of metalloendopeptidase and chymotrypsin respectively. 1173 A distributed MHS system is a message handling system that is composed of multiple servers on a cluster of computers using distributed processing technologies.In order to make such a system reliable,it is required to recover servers from their failure.Even when the recovery is not possible,the system should continue to operate with possibly degraded performance.This paper describes an implementation scheme of such highly reliable distributed MHS system.The scheme introduces special purpose servers,such as log severs and system monitoring servers,for recovery from the failure,uses distributed processing technologies such as server replication technique,and provides the rollback and dynamic re-configuration function. 1174 The standarsization of Packed Encoding Rulues(PER) is under way as one of encoding rules for ASN.1 in OSI upper layers protocols,in order to realize more efficient ASN.1 encoding, decoding than BER.However,current PER have the problems about decrease of encoding./decoding time and increase of the data length.Therefore,this paper propose the improvement of encoding rules in PER,which treate bit-data and octet-data separately.Furthermore,we ensured the effectiveness of the proposed methods through experiments. 1175 This paper describes two image compression techniques with the localization property of wavelet transform,in which coefficients carrying visually significant features are selectively preserved and others are discarded to achieve high compression performance as well as high image quality.One method is to preserve or discard coefficients by comparing them with threshold values dependent on their resolutions.The other method is to further discard coefficients by referring to thresholding results for the coefficients of double resolution and those of half resolution at the same spatial locations.Both methods provide fairly good compression performance without a substantial loss of image quality. 1176 The correlation between zeta-potential of CFs and CFRC-flexural strength was investigated.The zeta-potential values of CFs were adjusting by varying the surface treatments and were measured by using the streaming potential method.The surface treated CFs showed zeta-potential values ranging from -50mV to +60mv.With increasing the zeta-potential value,the CFRC-flexural strength increased,possing 0mV and then reversely reduced.The maximum strength value was as high as 209kgf, cm^2(Vf=0.5%).This behabior may be attributed the flocculation and adsorption of cement particles on CFs due to electrostatic attraction. 1177 Flexural tests of CFRC plates were performed to clarify the relationship between mechanical properties and section size of a CFRC flexural specimen.PAN based carbon fiber was used for the CFRC and its volume fraction(Vf)was 0.5%.The conclusions obtained from this research were:1)carbon fiber of 0.5% Vf can increase flexural performance of mortar,2)flexural performance of the CFRC plate depends on the depth of the specimen section. 1178 An active radiating antenna is proposed as an advanced form of a Gaussian-beam antenna.It uses an open resonator consisting of a plane mirror substrate and a concave spherical mirror with a partially transparent coupling region.The resonator acts both as a frequency stabilizing circuit and an antenna radiating Gaussian beam.An active circuit is fabricated behind the plane substrate,and is coupled to the resonator by a slot.This configuration is applicable to millimeter-wave transmitters.Experimental results from an X-band prototype show a low phase-noise oscillator spectrum and a low sidelobe-level(below -32 dB)radiation pattern. 1179 Polymeric drugs consisting of macromolecular carriers combined with drugs of small molecule have been shown to have great advantages such as long retention of the drugs in the blood stream and decrease of side effects.However,the oral administration of the polymeric drugs is ordinarily strictly limited,because macromolecules are generally thought to be hardly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.We have studied the intestinal absorption behavior of water-soluble macromolecules,poly(ethylene glycol)and dextran.In the absorption of the dextrans,an obvious dose dependence of the absorption rate was observed,suggesting the presence of specific transport mechanisms for the intestinal absorption of the dextrans.The strong inhibition of the absorption of dextrans was also found by the addition of D-isomaltose,D-glucose,and D-galactose,while D-mannose,D-isomaltitol and phenyl β-D-glucopyranoside showed no effect on the absorption.From these results,the hemiacetal reducing end structure of glucose seemed to be necessary to bind to the transporting receptor on the intestinal wall.In this study,6-O-methacryloyl-D-glucose(6-O-MGlu),3-O-methacryloyl-Dglucose(3-O-MGlu)and 6-O-methacryloyl-D-galactose(6-O-MGal)having reducing sugar pendants were synthesized by the esterification of the properly protected sugars with methaclylic anhydride in pyridine,followed by deblocking by the treatment with aqueous 80% formic acid solution at room temperature.6-O-MGlu and 3-O-MGlu were purified by a silica gel column(eluent:H_2O,AcCN gradient)to give colorless syrupy monomers.6-O-MGal was recrystallized from ethanol solution to give white thin plates.These monomers were characterized by IR and ^1H, ^<13>C-NMR spectrum,and then copolymerized with£ ^3H!N-ethylmaleimide to give radiolabelled polymers.Intestinal absorption of poly(6-O-MGlu)was examined by a diffusion cell test.The rat duodenal membrane was mounted between the two chambers,and the compartment faced to mucosa was filled with the solution of the tritiated polymer in the medium(DMEM)(Donor),and the other one faced to the serosa with the medium(Acceptor).The radioactivity in the acceptor cell was measured,and the penetration of the polymer through the intestinal wall was evaluated.The glucose-polymer was continuously transferred through the membrane,and the penetration of the polymer was inhibited by the addition of D-isomaltose.From these results,it was supposed that poly(6-O-MGlu)was absorbed from intestines by specific receptor-mediated mechanisms like the dextrans. 1180 This report describes about a new type of polymer hydrogel composed of poly(6-acryloyloxymethyl uracil)(PAU)and poly(acrylic acid).The aqueous solution of PAU had a transparency of 0% below 45°C and transparent over 45°C.PAU formed intramolecular complexes at lower temperatures and dissolved in water to dissociate at higher temperatures.Furthermore,temperature dependence for equilibrium swelling ratios for poly(AU-co-AAc)hydrogel was investigated.The hydrogel shrunk below 35°C and drastically swelled over 40°C in distilled water.It was considered that swollen-shrunk behavior of the hydrogel was due to the formation-dissociation of intramolecular complexes of PAU in water. 1181 Previously,we confirmed the generation of the silyl radical in the photodegradation of poly(methyl phenyl silane)(PMPS)by CW-ESR.The electron transfer reaction from the silyl radical to onium salt was directly observed by time-resolved ESR and transient absorption spectra.It Was found that the counterion of onium salts played an important role in the polymerization process.This finding suggested that the silyl cation might,react readily with the counterion of the onium salt to produce a stable silicon compound that can not initiate the polymerization of the monomer.In this case,it will be possible that the Si-I end group of PMPS obtained from the photosystem of PMPS and N-ethoxy-2-methyl pyridinium iodide could initiate the polymerization of butyl vinyl ether(BVE)in the presence of ZnI_2 and C_6H_5CHO.In this paper this is confirmed and block copolymers of PMPS with polyBVE have been obtained. 1182 An analytical study on the flutter characteristics of the Akashi-Kaikyo Bridge was done.The full bridge model's behavior was explained analytically by using Hutter analysis with unsteady aerodynamic drag force.This paper describes a couple of new findings on the flutter characteristics of very long-span suspension bridge as well as the flutter analysis result. 1183 Novel aromatic polyamides(aramids)having trifluoromethyl and perfluorobutyl groups were synthesized and caracterized to clarify the afluence of length of perfluoroalkyl chains on properties of the aramids.The N-silylated method by the polycondensation of N,N'-bis(trimethylsilyl)-substituted N,N-bis(4-aminophenyl)-p-perfluoroalkylanilines with aromatic dicarboxylic acid chlorides gave quantitative yields of aramids with inherent viscosities above 0.6 dL, g.They were soluble in aprotic polar solvents such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and afforded yellow,transparent,and flexible films of the aramids having higher contact angles of water and moderate tensile properties.The glass transition temperatures of polymers were in the range of 250-310°C,and the 10 % weight loss temperatures were 300-400°C in air. 1184 This report describes the outline and results of experiments on hybrid structural frame composed of RC columns and Steel beams.Considering former results,we have improved the details of beam-column connection joint,using rectangular steel band and spiral hoop arranged individually in the 4 parts divided by beams.The results show that,reinforcing beam-column connection with shearing plate and rectangular steel band,joint is capable of having a sufficient strength.The results also show that,restraining beams using nuts with column bars,we can efficiently prevent compressive failure of column by prying action of steel beam. 1185 This report contains several studies on experimental results mentioned befor in £Part3! on hybrid structural frame composed of RC columns and Steel beams,with beam-column connection using rectangular steel band and spiral hoop arranged individually in the 4 parts divided by beams. The results show that the beam-column connection reinforced with rectanglar steel band have an enough shear strength and hybrid frame have a superior energy absorption capacity.On the other hand, the results also show that the elastic shear stiffness of beam-column conection is farely small and effective concrete width ratio of joint is evaluated 0.23 approximately. 1186 This paper presents the fast encoding and decoding algorithms using a particular form of divisor n for RSA-type cryptosystem.Our proposed scheme requires only afew steps for exponentiation modulo n,while the conventional schemes needs almost a hundred steps.Finally,we have discussed the bounds of caluculation required when our acheme is realized by a hardware. 1187 One famous model of distributed shared memory studied thus far is shared virtual memory.The authors have been studied replicated shared memory,whose characteristcs are considered to be almost opposite to those of shared virtual memory.In this paper,synchronization mechanism for replicated shared memory is discussed and evaluated.First,an overview of replicated shared memory is described and a synchronization method using a semaphore controller is introduced.Next,distributed semaphore mechanism for ring-connedted type replicated shared memory,which has no -special management node in a network,is proposed.The latter mechanism is implemented and evaluated using workstations and an off-the-shelf replicated shared memory system. 1188 α-Styryl-type poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) macromonomer 1 having N-acetyl-D-glucosamine moiety at the ω-end was prepared by the reaction of ω-hydroxy-α-styryl-poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) and 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-1,2-dideoxy-3'-hydro-2'-methyl-α-D-glucopyranoso£2,1-d!-Δ^2-oxazolinium trifluoromethanesulfonate.1 was readily deacetylated with sodium methoxide in methanol at 27°C for 3 hours to yield ω-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-substituted poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) macromonomer 2 in 97% yield.Water-soluble N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-containing graft copolymer 3 was obtained by the radi&al copolymerization between 2 and acrylamide with 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPD) in water at 35 °C.3 was also derived by the deprotection of graft copolymer,which was given by the copolymerization between 1 and acrylamide with AAPD in water at 35°C. 1189 New inter-track orthogonal coding for a high track density and multi-track recording is proposed.The new coding method is compared with a conventional NRZI by a computer simulation.The method is superior to the NRZI in terms of signal to noise ratio and bit error rate for white and jitter noises.Furthermore,the method can principally completely eliminate cross talks from adjacent tracks.An experimental result shows that it is possible to discriminate any track data from collectively read signals of multiple tracks.It is concluded that the new coding technique open the way to both high track density recording without guard-band nor azimuth and collective reading of multi-track channel signals. 1190 To protect the levee-face erosion,Short-cut fibre mixed Soil facing was induced.Some characteristics of fivre mixed soil and the mixing method are presented. 1191 Nowadays,as the computing power of the personal computers and workstations has been growing very rapidly,these techniques make it possible to work in cooperation in distributed users environment.Communications play an important role in distributed work groups.In this paper,we describe a system named NeProS(Networked Proximity System)which aims to support a good chance for communication in distributed applications environment.We introduce a new concept,"Networked Proximity" such that feels proximity in distributed users environment.In point of view of conscious communication,for instance,phone and mail,NeProS can connect to end-users without disterbing.Furthermore,in case of unconscious communication,NeProS provides an oppotunity of the occasional encounter. 1192 Biodegradable hydrogels with interpenetrating polymer networks(IPN)are proposed as a model of substrates for multistimuli responsive drug delivery.Since these IPN-structured hydrogels are consisting of oligopeptide-linked poty(ethylene glycol)and dextran,chain entanglements in IPN structures will lead a specific feature of their degradability:the degradation of these IPN-structured hydrogels may occur only in the presence of two specific enzymes for peptide and dextran.These hydrogels were synthesized by a sequential crosslinking reaction of N-methacryloyl-glycilglycilglycil-poly(ethylene glycol)and dextran.In vitro degradation of the IPN-structured hydrogels was examined using papain and dextranase.The specific degradation in the presence of the two enzymes and few degradation by one of the two enzymes were observed in the IPN-structured hydrogel with a particular composition of PEG and dextran. 1193 In our virtual space teleconferencing system,in order to detect expressions and to reconstruct 3-D facial images,3-D markers are attached to the face and traced visually.For the reconstruction of facial expressions,the tracing results are used to control the nodes of the wire frame model.In this paper,we explain the marker tracing system which consists of a CCD camera,a marker tracing device,and a personal computer.Markers are traced by this system at the sending site.Also we explain the facial image reconstructing system at the receiving site. 1194 In EDTV-II,the gain for the signals embeded in bars is controled by correlation signals produced by main signals,in order to reduce the visibility of the bars at current receivers.The gain control,however,results in S, N degradation,especially in non-correlated areas.The authors study the noncorrelated areas in the vertical-temporal frequency domain,and propose a method for improving the S/N degradation at EDTV-II receivers. 1195 A new polymeric material for wound dressing was studied.For the purpose of developing the copolymer membrane which have both anti-biotics effect and good physical properties.The copolymer of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate,N-vinyl pirolidone,and butyl acrylate was prepared by thermal polymerization.The copolymers showed a largely-variable water absorption content from 1%-95%,as well as a widely controllable softness and mechanical strength.All copolymers membranes had good transparence.The release of antibiotics occurred depending on the water content of copolymer.It was found that the copolymer membranes showed the antibiotics effects in the cell test by the release of antibiotic agent. 1196 Poly(phthaloyl diphenyl ether)(PPDE)was prepared by the reaction of phthaloyl chloride and diphenyl ether in the presence of aluminiun chloride and used as a modifier for toughening of bismaleimide resin composed of 4,4'-bismaleimide diphenyl methane and o,o'-diallyl bisphenol A.The effect of molecular weight(MW)and concentration of PPDE on toughening was examined.The K_<IC> for the modified resin was rather insensitive to PPDE MW.When using 10wt% of PPDE(MW 11,100),K_<IC> for the modified resin increased 30% at no expense of flexural properties and Tg.The modified resins had particulate structure with ill-defined particles dispersed in the bismaleimide matrix,which indicates that compatibility of PPDE with bismaleimide resin is rather high. 1197 Light Weight Geo-Material Made of Dredged Slurry with Expanded Resin Beads is the lightened material that slurried cohesive soil is mixed with hardening materials and expanded resin beads.We placed this material in water,and researched underwater fluidity and material properties,fallowing result were obtained.(1)Placing gradient was about 1:4,placing condition was good.(2)Strength of underwater filling was from 60% to 80% of strength in air. 1198 Nylon6 (PA6) and polycarbonate (PC) has been known to be the incompatible each other in whole range of composition and in whole range of temperature.Due to the transamination between amide and carbonate group of PA6 and PC during mixing,low molar components and out gas were generated which results in the inferior of properties to the each polymers.We have evaluated maleic anhydride functionalized poly[styrene-(ethylene-co-butylene)-styrene] triblock copolymer (SEBS) as a compatibilizing agent for Nylon (PA6) and polycarbonate (PC) blends.It has been found that the SEBS with maleic anhydride improved the dispersion of the polymers.From the TEM observations PC particles of which diameter was approximately 50nm were dispersed in PA6 matrix in the blends of equivalent composition and PA6 rich blends.We have also evaluated the non functionalized SEBS and the blends without any compaptibilizers and resulted in the poor dispersion of PC.It is thought that maleic anhydride reacts to amine end group and amide group of PA6 which generates graft copolymers of PA6 and SEBS,and this graft copolymer works as a compatibilizing agent. 1199 DRI(Drilling Rate Index)is an index to predict drillability for TBM.But in Japan,we hadn't yet applied DRI to any TBM projects.The outhers carried out the Brittleness test and Siever's J-value Miniature test usdg rock samples to calcurate DRI,and tried to investigate the relationship between DRI and the penetration rate of TBM.Through this investigation,it was clear that there existed the good relationship,and there existed more relatonship if we considered the frequency of cracks.And it was also clear that procedures of each test we carried out was reasonable. 1200 We attempted to produce fine polymer particles, rare earth phosphate coreshell type composite particles,using ultrafine Pd particles suported styrene/acrylic acid copolymer particles.In the case of light rare earth nitrates such as Pr(NO3)3 and Nd(NO3)3,fine copolymer particles coated uniformly with fine crystals of rare earth phophate(rabdophane type)were obtained.By pyrolysis of polymer/light rare earth phosphate composite particles,submicron size hollow rare earth phophate particles,uniform in size,were obtained. 1201 We attempted to produce fine polymer particles, rare earth orthophosphate composite particles.Compounding of styrene/acrylic acid copolymer particles activated with PdCl_2 was carried out by treatment with solutions of sodium hydrophosphite and rare earth nitrates.In the case of Sm,La,Nd,and Pr nitrates,fine polymer particles coated uniformly with fine crystals of rare earth orthophophate hydrates were obtained.By pyrolysis of polymer/rare earth orthophosphate hydrate composite particles,submicron size hollow rare earth orthophophate particles,uniform in size,were obtained. 1202 We report the first example of stereocontrol and asymmetric induction of radical polymerization using transition metal complexes.Radical polymerzation of methyl,2-propyl,t-butyl,benzyl,and 1-phenyldibenzosuberyl methacrylates(MMA,2-PrMA,t-BuMA,BnMA,PDBSMA)was performed in the presence of transition metal complexes including 1-3 with AIBN in CHCl_3 containing a small amount of pyridine at 60°C.In the polymerization of MMA,2-PrMA,t-BuMA,and BnMA in the presence of 1,molecular weight of the products increased with conversion,indicating that the propagating radical was stabilized by the complexes(counter radical)and a part of the propagating species add monomers in a living manner.However,because termination and chain transfer though β-hydrogen elimination take place in the course of polymerization,the whole system was not living.This was evident from the ^1H NMR spectra of the polymers which showed the polymers had a vinylidene group at the ω-end.The polymers of MMA,2-PrMA,t-BuMA,BnMA contained lower amount of rrrr pented and higher amount of mm-centered pentads compared with those obtained in control experiments;this tendency was most obvious for t-BuMA polymerization.PDBSMA gave a one-handed helical polymer by polymerization in the presence of 2. 1203 Cavities inside asphalt layers produced by blistering and depression of base courses are required to be detected as earlv stage and remedied.For underground cavity survey,an electoromagnetic radar is generally used to detect the position and the size of cavities,however,this survey method requires high level of proficiency.In this study,simple cavlty surveying method using a high sensitivity radar are examined.Obtained wave forms are processed by compuler program for the position and the size deducting those of sound pavement.the minimum size of cavities are found to be 5cm in diameter and 5mm in thickness. 1204 Microfine cement suspension,which is a durable material,would be expected as countermeasure against liquefaction.the fundamental properties of permeability of this suspensions are presented here. 1205 Tests of tile specimens with artificial separation were conducted to investigate the utility and adaptability of methods with infrared thermography,for examinations of tile separation.The suitable timezone of a day for examinations by methods with infrared thermography was found.The detected rate in the suitable timezone of a day was calculated,and it was found that this rate was high at night rather than day.Therefore it was suggested to examine at night.Besides it was also found that it was possible to detect tile separations on northern side. 1206 We propose a new feature extracted from motion images.The feature is not need to normalized target area of the input image for gesture recognition We call this feature "gesture trajectory".This feature is characteristic trajectory of pattern space because of human gesture.It has two merits,1)leading gesture elements by curvature of gesture trajectory,2)shift,rotation and scale invariant.In this paper we describe the properties of the gesture trajectory feature,and report some experimental results in order to show its applicability to gesture recognition. 1207 We reported that poly{p-(L-menthoxycarbonyl)phenylacetylene}polymerized by[Rh(norbornadiene)Cl]_2 showed a much higher[α]_D(=-605)than the corresponding monomer([α]_D=-68.8),and Cotton effect with a very large molecular ellipticity at 230-430 nm in CD and strong temperature dependence of[α]_D,and hence the main chain of the polymers seemed to have an asymmetric structure induced by the optically active bulky side groups in solution.However,since the polymer contained a chiral pendant group,it was not clear wheather the main chain had a chiral structure.In this presentation,in order to clarify the presence of the main chian chiral structure,we tried to induce an asymmetry to the main chain of the polymer prepared from achiral monomer as the following two methods:(1)Polymerization of achiral p-substituted phenylacetylene by use of chiral rhodium catalyst newly prepared.(2)Polymerization of achiral p-substituted phenylacetylene included by chiral cyclodextrin.In these two polymerization system,chiral polyphenylacetylenes which had a specific rotation of -125 for(1)and -22 for(2)were obtained.This findings clearly indicatie the main chain had an asymmetric structure. 1208 We have reported good oxygen permselectivities of poly(p-substituted phenylacetylene)s such as poly(trimethylsilylphenylacetylene)and poly(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluoroalkyloxydimethylsilylphenylacetylene)s(Po_2 = 10 - 440 barrer,α = 2.8-3.1,which were close to the upper boundary line).In this presentation,in order to discuss the relationship between oxygen permselectivity and chemical structure of psubstituent of poly(p-substituted phenylacetylene),other polyphenylacetylenes having various p-substituent,for example pinanyldimethylsilyl group and menthoxycarbonyl group,were synthesized and their oxygen permeability coefficients(Po_2)and oxygen separation factors(α=Po_2, PN_2)were evaluated.The polyphenylacetylenes with a ringed and rigid substituent,showed high α values because of the high amount of free volume and those with flexible Si-O bond had a high Po_2 and low α because of the high molecular motion of the backbone. 1209 Higher order structure of injection molded samples were examined in the blend of polypropylene(PP),ethylene-propylene elastomer and talc.Homo-polypropylene and PP having different ethylene content copolymer fraction(Co-PP)were used for blends.The b axis of PP crystal was highly oriented to the thickness direction of the molded sample,although the degree of the b axis orientation is higher in the blend of CO-PP than that of homo-PP.The blend of CO-PP having higher etylene content copolymer fraction showed higher b axis orientation.The injection molded samples were heat treated and re-crystalized.The degree of b axis orientation was decreased in the blend of homo-PP after heat treatment although the blends of CO-PP still keep higher orientation after heat treatment.These results showed that copolymer fraction of Co-PP would regulate the direction of PP crystalization and stabilize it. 1210 For the purpose of reducing external restriction cracks,contraction joint is set up to induce controlled cracks.The electro-thermic method by applying electric current through steel bar is experimented to induce joint crack.Mock-up test of wall,was carried out.Steel bar in joint was heated to 150 °C and joint crack was induced.Temperature rise of concrete is low,2.7°C at 12cm from steel bar.This method could induce joint crack certainly and model wall deformed center convex by expanded steel bar act as wedge. 1211 We have already reported the preparation of polymeric micelles based on AB block copolymers composed of hydrophilic and hydrophobic segment.In this study,we focused on the novel drug carrier system,in which as hydrophobic groups phenylalanine(Phe)moieties[17-54 mol%]were introduced to poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(aspartic acid)block copolymer using EDC as a condensation reagent.And the ability to form micellar structure of the above system in aqueous milieu varied with pH values and ionic strength was examined by dynamic light scattering spectrophotometer(DLS).Poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(aspartic acid)block copolymers conjugated with 54 mol% Phe moieties were comparatively stable in aqueous milieu(ionic strength:0.10-0.20 M)at pH 7.4.When the pH of the media was varied to basic(pH 8.4)or acidic(pH 5.4),the disruption of micelles was confirmed by DLS.However,readjustment of the pH value to 7.4 made possible regeneration of micellar structure.Since in acidic milieu this system does not exhibit apparent core, shell structure(micelle formation),it is expected to apply this micelle forming system to the lysosomotropic drug delivery system. 1212 Recently much interest has focused on the study of polymeric micelles as drug vehicles imitating the natural carrier system,such as lipoproteins and viruses,with supermolecular sturactures.We have been investigated micelles based on A B block copolymers of poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG)and poly(β-benzyl L-aspartate)(PBLA),and physical incorporation of hydrophobic drug,anticancer drug:adriamycin(ADR)within PEG-PBLA micelles was carried out.In this study two types of PEG-PBLA block copolymers 12-12,12-23(molecular weight of PEG is 12,000 PBLAunits is 12 and 23)were synthesised,the ability of polymeric micelles to incoporated ADR was investigated.A detail comparison of two type of PEG-PBLA micelles for incorporation efficiency and stability was analyzed by UVspectroscopy,GPC,and fluorescence quenching experiments.ADR is more stably and efficiency entrapped within 12-23micelles than 12-12micelles.Futhermore in vitro anticancer activity of each PEG-PBLA, ADR micelles against B16 melanoma obtained by MTT assay was investigated.Cytotoxicity of PEG-PBLA/ADR micelles was increased with contact time,and 12-23micelles showed higher cytotoxicity than 12-12micelles.Consequently,these results indicated it was possible to controll ability of incorporating drug within micelles and anticancer activity by difference of hydrophobic units. 1213 We have been studying polymeric micelles which are formed from AB block copolymers,composed of hydrophobic and hydrophilic segments.Mjcelles are characterized by a small particle size,an apparent thermodynamic stability,and osmotic stability.Due to there characteristics,they are suitable as carrier systems for drugs and biologically active substances.In this study,we reported the formation of a hydrocinnamic acid containing micelle in aqueous solution due to hydrophobic interactions.By controlling the degree of substitution of lysine residues to hydrocinnamic acid,we have determined an appropriate condition to form small micellar particles,approximately 30nm of diameter,exhibiting a sufficient stability.In the synthesis of poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(L-lysine)-hydrocinnamic acid(PEG-P(Lys)-HCA),hydrocinnamic acid was introduced into PEG-P(L-lysine)using BOP as coupling reagent.It was demonstrated that the block copolymers of PEG-P(L-lysine)containing 74 mol% of hydrocinnamic acid formed stable micelles with c.m.c.of 27.4mg, l in aqueous solution. 1214 Thermo-responsive polymeric micelles were prepared from amphiphilic block.copolymers composed by a thermo-responsive segment(PIPAAm)and a hydrophobic segment(Pst).These micelles exhibited a small diameter and low critical micelle concentration(cmc),thus providing a carrier that may have a long blood circulation time and a low RES uptake.In addition,structural changes in function of the temperature without destruction of the micellar structure were observed,proving that these micelles can be useful for site-specific delivery of drug using changes in temperature.Furthermore,hydrophobic molecules were shown to be incorporated into the inner core of the thermo-responsive micelle 1215 In order to obtain the gene that encodes a side chain of UQ(ubiquinone)in Spombe,we synthesized degenerated oligonucleotide primers that were designed on the basis of conserved amino acid sequenses of prenyltransferases.PCR was done using genomic DNA of S.pombe as templates.These PCR products were cloned in the vector,and their nucleotide sequenses were determined.One clone of approximately 500bp had the sequence encoding a typical prenyltransferase motif.The fragment was used as a probe for screening the clones containing the entire coding region of a prenyltransferase from S.pombe cDNA and genomic library.The cDNA sequence was determind.The deduced amino acid sequence from the nucleotides had the conserved domains of prenyltransferases and significantly homology with hexaprenyltransferase from S.cerevisiae and octaprenyltransferase from E.coli. 1216 This paper describes the outline of Walk-through type Screen with fire resistance as the substitution of the Fire door or the Fire shutter,and experiments on Smoke Insulation of Screen.The slits on the Screen made of Silica-cloth facilitate evacuees to pass through without restraint in fire emergency.Comparing with the conventional shutters,the screen has the advantages of lighter weight,lower cost,simplicity and installability.The experiments concluded that Smoke Insulation of the Screens is equivalent in performance to the Fire door usually used in building,if pressure difference between the Fire room and another side is below 20Pa. 1217 This paper describes experiments on.fire resistance and fire spreading protection of walk-through type screen.And adaptability for fire separation of buildings and problems awaiting solution are also described.The result of the experiments show that the screen have performance of heat isolation by radiation and convection and there were no appearances of flame and no leaks of smokc.Therefore fire spreading is prevented by the screen and it is effective in evacuating in case of firc.It is expected that the screen will be used for fire separation instead of firc shutters or fire doors in the near future. 1218 The Laser beam,because of ills high energy density,provides inherently rapid heating rates when it interacts with stone GUtting.Considering the high absorptivity of the 10.6μm wave length(CO_2 laser) light on stone cutting.The work is moved at constant speed and precision cutting.An optical micro graph of the cutting section of the laser treated specimen.It can be seen that the cutting surface consists of shaped edge.Because,the water within the specimen(hybrid of stone and xonotlite) and heat of vaporization to escape through the substrate and then heat resistance. 1219 We proposed new method on fixing pile head in foundation,which is covering at PHC-Pile head by steel pipe with ribs.Furthermore,we examined the preperty of stickiness between concrete and pile restricted by steel pipe,and enough length of steel pipe and embedded length of pile to behave in a body.The specimens(type A) were proposed by results,and these were tested about single and alternating lateral load under axial load of 0 and 70tf.Moreover,4 specimens to compare type A were loaded under same condition.This paper reports outline of specimens and tests. 1220 Alternating lateral loading tests were carried out undei.two axial loads(0 tf,70tf) to obtain the properties of the spedments that were bored PHC-Pile-Head in concrete of the foundation with steel-pipe ribbed on both sides,and four other speciments including the conventional system(bored 100mm and inserted cage reinforcement in pile).At the results,the surface of foundation of spedments with steel-pipe show no cracks,and the position of pile indicating the maximam bending stress did not pass from the part of the joints under the axial load 70tf.This facts are sound actions of the system with steel-pipe ribbed on both sides. 1221 As for the hysteretic damper with low yield stress steel,we have studied to improve the iterative charactristics in large deformation.The damper dose not have the part of welding which the bending tention strain at franges is biggest.This report deals with the result of low cycle fatigue and static tests which were curried out to select the shape of damper and to confirm the charactristics of hysteresis in the selected spesimen.As the results,it was confirmed that the selected spesimen has the stable charactristics of hysteresis in large deformation and the number of iteration is 8 times until decrese of shear load. 1222 Pseudomonas sp.strain VM15C,a polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)-degrading bacterium,required pyrroloquinoline quinone(PQQ)as an essential growth factor for PVA utilization and a novel enzyme,PQQ-dependent PVA dehydrogenase (PVADH,EC1.1.99.23)was found in the membrane fraction of the strain.In this study,we cloned the structural gene for the PQQ-dependent PVADH from the strain and determined its nucleotide sequence.The gene encoded a protein of 639 amino acid(68045 Da).In the deduced amino acid sequence,a putative signal sequence,a heme-binding site,and a PQQ-binding site were detected.Heme c reduction in cell extract of a clone occurred during the dehydrogenation of PVA in the presence of PQQ. 1223 Authors constructed ultrasonic carbon-fibers and investigated the characteristics for their application to electronic devices.That is,in the first part of this paper,are dealt with the construction of ultrasonic carbon-fiber and such ultrasound transmission characteristics as propagation speed,attenuation characteristics and phase.The second part contrains the carbon-fiber gyro sensor and its experimental results.It is found that judgement of revolution direction can be made possible by the prototype gyro-sensor,with relatively high sensitivity. 1224 Specimens of new type flexible joint between submerged tunnel elements were tested to investigate its mechanical properties, in particular its strength and endurance. Based on the results obtained by different loading tests. It was shown that new type flexible joint had adequate performance. 1225 As technologies of wireless communications and computer hardware have been rapidly advanced,users can make use of a wide variety of network services from anywhere using handy terminals or portable personal computers.Such anew computing environment is called a mobile computing environment.In our previous works[8,9],based on the conventional database view mechanisms,we have proposed a mobile database view,which is a mobile data management mechanism to integrate various data stored on multiple mobile hosts.In this paper,first we extend the mobile view model of our previous works in several points such as capability to handle the mobility of a view server,and Then we propose a database view definition language to be used in a variety of situations in the extended view model of mobile computing environments.We also demonstrate the expressive capability of the definition language through several application examples. 1226 Polyisocyanates have a rigid helical structure and have extensively been studied from the view points of synthesis,structure,and character.In this study,we synthesized new isocyanates,6-(butoxycarbonylamino)hexyl isocyanate(1),6-((S)-2butoxycarbonylamino)hexyl isocyanate(2),bearing a carbamate group by the reaction of hexamethylene diisocyanate with n-butanol or(S)-(+)-2-butanol and carried out the polymerization of 1 and 2 with various anionic initiators.The polymerization of 1 and 2 afforded the polymers with 1-nylon structure.The CD spectral pattern of the poly-2 was similar to those of optically active helical poly(alkyl isocyanate)s.This indicates that the optical rotation of poly-2 is based mainly on the prevailing helicity of the polymer chain.The chiral center in the side group separated by ten σ-bonds from the polymer main chain appears to influence the helical sense of the polymer. 1227 Polyisocyanates have a rigid helical structure and have extensively been studied from the view points of synthesis,structure,and properties.In this study,we synthesized new isocyanates,6-(butoxycarbonylamino)hexyl isocyanate(1),6-((S)-2-butoxycarbonylamino)hexyl isocyanate(2),4-((S)-2-butoxycarbonylamino)butyl isocyanate(3),bearing a carbamate group by the reaction of hexamethylene diisocyanate or tetramethylene diisocyanate with n-butanol or(S)-(+)-2-butanol and carried out the polymerization of 1-3 with various anionic initiators.The polymerization of 1-3 afforded the polymers mainly having 1-nylon structure.The CD spectral patterns of the poly-2 and poly-3 were similar to those of optically active helical poly(alkyl isocyanate)s.This indicates that the optical rotation of poly-2 and poly-3 is based mainly on the prevailing helicity of the polymer chain.The chiral center in the side group separated by ten or eight σ-bonds from the polymer main chain appears to influence the helical sense of the polymer. 1228 This paper describes the experimental results concerning about the DMTA properties of typical polymeric materials and the shear deformation behavior of dampers using these polymeric materials to investigate the basic design concept for the development of seismic dampers applied to building structures. As a results, materials testing results by DMTA method are confirmed to be effective means to estimate the properties of dampers. 1229 Visco-elastic material (VEM) exhibits an excellent energy absorbing capacity. And it is confirmed that visco-elastic damper (VED) is effective for seismic strengthening of buildings. The purpose of this paper is to study the difference in hysteretic properties of four VEDs based on two series of cyclic loading tests. One is to check the dependence on amplitude, and the other on frequency. All hysteresis loops are found to have an excellent energy absorbing capacity. However, since some are possessed of non-linear properties, construction of mechanical model is the problem to be solved. 1230 This paper showed the comparative study on mechanisms of visco-elastic dampers (VED). We used three different epoxy visco-elastic dampers (VEDs). The one is a flat type and the rest are cylindrical ones (large and small). All the dampers showed almost the same hysteretic properties when they are subject to the displacement twice as large as their thickness. We also made experiments on those VEDs once broken in the experiments, so has been assured that the dampers restored their original properties so lang as the displacement in no more than 200% of the thickness. 1231 We developed the method for reducing vibration on long apan floor. We used the post with visco-elast damper, which has an capability to absorb energy.We conducted the experiment and analysis to confirm the effect of this post with visco-elast damper. The following results were achieved by this study.(1) The post with visco-elast damper is effective for reducing vibration on the floor.(2) By the Voigt models, we can estimete the maximum response of displacement on the floor and the girder installed the post with visco-elast damper. 1232 This paper shows by two-dimensional elasto-plastic analysis how efficiently visco-elastic dampers (VEDs) can be applied to seismic strengthening of buildings. In the analysis, single plane flame is taken out of a 7-story 4-span RC building. Three types of plane frames ; i, e., without strengthening, strengthened with braces and with VED, are subject to Hyogoken-Nanbu Earthquake. VED strengthening has proved to be a better means of suppressing story deflection as it causes less increase of axial force. 1233 To establish a technology to produce mammalian-type N-linked oligosaccharides in yeast, enzymes and genes, which are responsible for the yeast specific mannosylphosphate addition to the ER core neutral oligosaccharide, have been analysed. Since there are two mannosylphosphate addition sites in the ER core oligosaccharide at the α-1,6-branch and α-1,3-branch, measurement mthods for body enzyme activities were first established. Then, the presumed corresponding genes were cloned by complementation of the alcian blue dye-binding of mnn4 and mnn6 mutants. The MNN4 and MNN6 genes encoded 1,178 a. a. and 446 a. a. Type 2 membrane proteins, respectively. Further analysis of these protein fuctions and oligosaccharide structures of cell wall mannoproteins prepared from these gene disrupted cells are in progress. 1234 The applicability of structural monitoring is discussed for crack-type damages of metal structures. Two types of monitoring methods are examined ; detection of existing fatigue crack and prediction of fatigue damage.As the detection of existing crack, the concept of health monitoring is employed. The sensors are bonded on the surface of a welded joint model and two types of specimens by adhesives or painting, and fatigue tests are carried out. In these tests, the appearance that the fatigue cracks break the sensors is closely observed. Further, electric resistance of sensors or light strength output of laser beam are measured to perceive the instant of failure during the fatigue test.As the prediction of fatigue damage, method to attach sacrificial specimen on member is examined. A sacrificial specimen is designed such that magnified member stress is transmitted to the specimen and thus results in earlier crack initiation than the member. The sacrificial specimen is a center notched thin plate. Fatigue tests are carried out. From the test result, it is made clear that the sacrificial specimen developed in this study is applicable to the prediction of fatigue life of structural members. 1235 We have reported anionic polymerizations of several monomers by using 2, 3-diphenyl-1, 3-butadiene-Mg complex (DPB-Mg) as an initiator. DPB-Mg hardly initiate their polymerizations of hydrocarbon monomers. In this study, we examined the effect of modification of DPB-Mg in order to enhance the overall initiation efficiency (f) in the anionic polymerization of the monomers. Modifications of DPB-Mg were carried out with 1, 1-diphenylethylene (DPE) or α-methylstyrene in the presence of hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA). As a result, DPE was found to be more favorable for the modification, and f was improved to be almost 1.0 under appropriate conditions. Also, the polymerization proceeds with living nature and the molecular weight of resulting polymer is in good agreement with the theoretical one. In an application of this polymerization system, we attempted to synthesize cyclic polymer by reaction of the living polymer with difunctional coupling agents. 1236 Both the spectrum efficiency and the service availability are improved by introducing a hierarchical transmission technique into the satelite ISDB (Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting) on the 12GHz band. In addition, a new technique that can control the transmission schemes with TMCC (Transmission and Multiplexing Configuration Control) signal enables the ISDB signal more flexible. The signal inform the demodulator how the transmission parameters are configured. This paper discusses the effect of a hierarchical transmission and the method of multiplexing TMCC into satellite ISDB signal. 1237 TC8PSK is a powerful candidate for transmission scheme to improve the spectrum efficiency in satellite digital broadcasting system. In addition, TMCC (Transmission and Multiplexing Configuration Control) signal which can extend flexibility of the transmission configurations and the hierarchical transmission technique which can improve the service availability are introduced to the satellite ISDB (Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting) transmission system to achieve high spectrum efficiency and service availability simultaneously. In this paper, first, a structure and a method for generating the ISDB signal are discussed. Then, performances of the system over a typical DBS channel are examined using a prototype transmission system by indoor experiments. It is consequently revealed that a flexible digital satellite transmission system can be achieved. 1238 For the noninvasive diagnosis of heart disease based on the acoustic characteristics of the heart muscle, we have already developed a new method for accurately tracking the movement of the heart wall to determine the instantaneous position of an object so that velocity signals of the heart wall with small amplitudes less than 100μm can be successfully detected with sufficient reproducibility in the frequency range up to several hundred Hertz. In this paper, the method is applied to multiple points which are set in the heart wall on a ultrasonic beam so that the spatial (depth) distributions of the velocity at these points are obtained. From the spatial distributions, the motion of the heart wall is divided into the following two components : parallel motion of the heart wall and the local change in thickness during myocardial contraction, relaxation. The latter component is superimposed on the M (motion) -mode image using a color code to map contraction to red and relaxation to blue. This new method offers potential for research on noninvasive acoustical diagnosis of myocardial local motility. 1239 An experimental investigation of lasing characteristics in InGaAs, GaAs vertical-cavity surfaceemitting lasers (VCSELs) grown on GaAs (311) A substrates is presented. It was found that anisotropic in-plane gain distribution in (311) A-oriented quantum wells (QWs) effectively controls polarization of VCSELs. A stable polarization mode was always exhibited along the *?332^^_*? direction, which corresponds to the crystallographic axis of maximum gain for (311) -oriented QWs. The *?332^^_*? polarization mode was maintained against injection currents of 2.5 times the threshold over the wide temperature range of 25°C to 150°C.The orthogonal *?11^^_0*? polarization mode was completely suppressed, and an extinction ratio of 16dB between two orthogonal polarization modes was obtained af 1.5 times the threshold current at 25°C.In addition, a threshold current of 700μA and a corresponding threshold current density of 110 A/cm^2 were achieved for a 25-μm square aperture device. 1240 A co-channel interference reduction method utilizing a CMA adaptive array antenna is proposed. Co-cahnnel interference disturbs spectral efficiency in cellular radio systems. The problem is that a CMA adaptive array antenna has a possibility of locking onto a co-chnnel interference signal when it is used to reduce co-channel interference. In this method, a replica of the interference signal is generated and then eliminated from the received signal, thus the desired signal can be obtained. To mitigate the influence of modulus variation when the CMA is applied to a phase-modulated signal with restrictions in bandwidth, the method is proposed in which the sampling points are taken out at the symbol pulses center and the CMA is carried out for these points. Computer sumulation results for GMSK modulation and π, 4 shifted QPSK modulation confirm that co-channel interference was reduced effectively. 1241 In order offer higher quality of residential environment in apartment building structures, double-floor slab system was introduced in Part 1 of the present study, and total of fifteen full-scale specimens with inverted-T and L-shape R, C-slab to R/C-beam specimens were tested in Part2.Herein, total of six full-scale specimens with different SRC-beam to R, C-slab connectin details are tested. In Part 3, object of the present research, design of connectio details between SRC-beam and R/C-floor slabs, and experimental method are presented. 1242 Total of six full-scale specimens with different SRC-beam to R, C-slab connection details are tested under monotonic vertical loading method. Test results were compared with the conventional theoretical values for designing R/C-floor slabs. Based on the present experiment, better connection details between SRC-beam to R/C-slabs were proposed for actual building structures. 1243 As one of recycling plans of the ferritized fly-ash that fly-ash including heavy metals was treated with dry ferritized method, we examinated some applications including electromagnetic absorber. This paper reports the effects of carbon fibers and the ferritized fly-ash added to the mortar using on the building walls, for the purpose of reducing the VHF TV ghost images. As the result, we cleared the effects of the modulus of elasticity and the additional quantity of carbon fibers, and the diameter of the ferritized fly-ash particles on the characteristics of electromagnetic absorption. 1244 Novel optically active monomers, 3- [ (S) -α-methylbenzylcarbamoyl] phenyl isocyanate (1) ( [α]_<365>^<25>+63°) and 4- [ (S) -α-methylbenzylcarbamoyl] phenyl isocyanate (2) ( [α]_<365>^<25>+181°), were synthesized and homopolymerized and copolymerized with m-methoxyphenyl isocyanate (3) using lithium amide of piperidine as the initiator in THF at -98°C. Poly-1 and poly-2 showed very large specific rotation (poly-1 [α]_<365>^<25>-1967°, poly-2 [α]_<365>^<25>+2059°) and intense CD absorption, indicating that these polymers have predominant one-handed helical conformation. The ^1H NMR spectra of (±) -1, 1'-bi-2-naphthol and (±) -mandelic acid showed the peaks due to enantiomers in the presence of poly (1) or poly (1-co-3) (1, 3=0.5/0.5) in CDCl_3. In THF, the specific rotation of poly-2 increased with time. This change of the specific rotation is ascribed to a slow comformational change of the polymer. 1245 Asymmetric Tishchenko reaction of (±)-2-phenylpropanal (2-PPA) was performed with the complex of ethylmagenesium bromide and (-)-sparteine ((-)-Sp) under various reaction conditions. Optically active 2-phenylpropyl 2-phenylpropanoate was obtained in an enantiomeric excess up to 52%. The complex was also used as a catalyst for the polymerization of terephtalaldehyde to afford a polyester. 1246 A high resolution reflectometry by using both optical gating and synthesis of optical coherence function is proposed for testing optical devices at a long distance. Suppressing influences of optical phase fluctuation in long-lentgh optical fiber due to environmental fluctuations by using rather high speed synthesis of the coherence function, reflections at optical connectors at a distance of 5 km are measured with the spatial resolution of about 6 cm. 1247 Optically inactive poly((4-dihydroxyborophenyl)acetylene) (poly-1) showed an induced CD in the presence of chiral molecules such as diols, amino alcohols, hydroxycarboxylic acids, and diamines in the UV-visible region, probably due to the prevailing one-handed helical conformation of poly-1. The sign of the Cotton effect reflects absolute configuration and stereochemistry of the molecules. Therefore, poly-1 can be used as a novel probe for determining the chirality of molecules having various functional groups. 1248 Poly((4-dihydroxyborophenyl)acetylene) (poly-1) showed an induced CD in the presence of mono-and disaccharides in alkaline aqueous solution in the UV-visible region, probably due to the prevailing one-handed helical conformation of poly-1. The sign of the Cotton effect reflects absolute configuration and stereochemistry of the saccharides. Poly-1 also showed an ICD in the presence of steroids such as cholic acid and deoxycholic acid with remote stereogenic centers. The present CD method using poly-1 is applicable for the chirality assignments of a broad range of important chiral molecules in organic and natural products chemistry. 1249 Human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a dimeric protein which effects on endothelial cells (EC) and vascular functions including specific stimulation of EC growth. For the purpose of the application of EC to biomaterials, VEGE was immobilized onto AAc graftedpoly (ethylene) (PE) film using water-soluble carbodiimide (WSC). In this study, the activity of immobilized VEGF was evaluated and its functions were compered with that of collagen (IV), fibronectin (FN) and free-VEGF.Growth promotion was not observed using VEGF independently immobilized onto PE film, however, cell growth was promoted when FN and VEGF were co-immobilized. As a result, immobilized VEGF seemed to have biological activity on this condition. 1250 Poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PIPAAM) hydrogel demonstrates swelling-deswelling changes in response to temperature. Its phase transition temperature can be controlled by introduction of hydrophilic or hydrophobic segment as a copolymer gel or addition of salts and surfactant. However, their transition phenomena is regulated only by temperature. We introduced 2- (acrylamide) 2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) to PIPAAm and obtained multi-responsive gel which respond to not only temperature but electric field. In this paper its phase transition phenomena is discussed in addition of cationic surfactant laurylpyridinium chrolide (C12PyCl). (IPAAM-co-AMPS) gel deswelled in C12PyCl solution as forming one to one complex. The gel swelled with excess amount of C12PyCl, which suggested that C12PyCl absorbed to the hydrophobic segment of network and ionized the gel to swell. Its transition in the C12PyCl solution at fixed temperature was also observed by applying constant voltage. 1251 In order to realize biocompatible amperometric glucose sensors, enzyme electrodes have been developed by using glucose oxidase (GOD) and copolymers of vinyl ferrocene (VFc) with α-methacryloyloxy-ω-nonylphenyl-oligo (ethylene oxide) (MNEO) or 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC). These comonomers are selected, because these polymers are expected to exhibit biocompatibility. The exzyme electroders were made by thoroughly mixing carbon paste, the redox polymer and GOD, followed by packing the mixture into carbon paste electrodes. Enzymatic reactions were measured in pH7.4 phosphate buffer solutions at several concentrations of glucose. The current response of GOD, carbon paste electrodes containing P (VFc/MNEO) or P (VFc/MPC) toward glucose has been investigated in detail. 1252 The purpose of this research is to design in-situ compatibilizer which can be worked in the reactive processing system. In this report, the alloy of incompatible polymers with synthesized compatibilizer and inorganic filler, which acts as a carrier of compatibilizer, have been investigated. The reaction mechanism and micro structures are analyzed.Compatibilizer is synthesized with bis (2-oxazoline) compounds and nonpolar compounds. Then, PP and PBT, which are originally incompatible, are kneaded with the compatibilizer. This reaction is confirmed by spectroscopic and thermal analysis. The phase separation size and the mechanical properties have been improved by chemical reaction between polymers and compatibilizer and dispersion effect of inorganic filler. 1253 The purpose of this research is to design in-situ compatibilizer which can be worked in the reactive processing system. In this report, the alloy of incompatible polymers with ingredients of compatibilizer and inorganic filler, which acts as a carrier of compatibilizer, have been investigated. The reaction mechanism and micro structures are analyzed.The ingredients of Compatibilizer which are bis (2-oxazoline) compounds, nonpolar compound and the inorganic filler are kneaded in-situ extruder with PP and PBT, which are originally incompatible. The reaction is confirmed by spectroscopic and thermal analysis. The phase separation size and the mechanical properties have been improved by chemical reaction between polymers and compatibilizer and dispersion effect of inorganic filler. 1254 Polyaddition of bisoxetanes with dicarboxilc acids was carried out in the presence of various catalysts. The reaction did not proceed without catalyst. However, the reaction proceeded smoothly using quaternary onium salts as catalysts. The polyaddition of the bisoxetane compound, bis (3-methyl-3-oxetanylmethyl) terephthalate, with adipic acid provided soluble polyester with number-average molecular weight (M_n)=8400 in 83% yield under the controled reaction condition to depress the crosslinking reaction. Furthermore, certain soluble polyesters having pendant primary hydroxy groups were prepared in good yield by the polyaddition of various bisoxetanes with dicarboxylic acids under the similar controled reaction condition. 1255 We propose the feature extracted from the direction edge images using Sobel filters for gesture recognition in this paper. We can recognize from connectivity of direction of movement of gesture. Direction edge feature is feature vector that elements are total number of pixcel satisfied with condition in 8 direction edge images. We can recognize a gesture from fluctuation of special feature vector. In this paper, we describe about direction edge feature and report some gesture recognition experiment results. 1256 Spatial optical processing approach is available to realize high speed and wide-band array antennas. We have studied a transmission antenna whose amplitude and phase deisributions are provided by means of the above method.In this report, we propose a multibeam receiving antenna using the spatial optical processing in a beam-forming-network. As a key technology realizing the antenna, we experimentally investigate the basic performance of microwave-optical conversion process. 1257 It is well-known that poly (vinyl chloride ) (PVC) obtained by radical polymerization contains anomalous structures in the chain. Some of such structure cause a decrease of thermal stability of the polymer. However, it is difficult to prepare PVC bearing no anomalous structures from radical polymerization. On the other hand it is expected that polymers obtained by ionic polymerization have no anomalous structures. We investigate polymerization of vinyl chloride (VC) with various alkyllithium catalysts to elucidate the structure of resulting polymers and their thermal stability. Catalytic activity of RLi for the polymerization of VC decreased in the following order ; t-BuLi>n-BuLi>s-BuLi. To estimate the anomalous structures, PVC was reduced with Bu_3SnH to convert to polyethylene. From the ^<13>C-NMR spectra of the reduced polymers, no anomalous structures were observed, indicating that linear polymer can be produced with RLi. A maximum decomposition temperature of polymers obtained with BuLi increased as compared with that by suspension polymerization. 1258 Poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) prepared by radical polymerization has many anomalous units introduced by an isomerization of propagating radical, head-to-head addition and a chain transfer to polmers, leading to a decrease of thermal stability of the polymers. Such structures would not be formed in the polymerization of vinyl chloride (VC) by ionic polymerization. To clarify this point, the polymerization of VC with anionic catalysts such as butyllithium was investigated in detail.Catalytic activity of BuLi for the polymerization of VC was found to decrease in the following order ; t-BuLi>n-BuLi>s-BuLi. The triad tacticity of PVC obtained with t-BuLi was not different from that obtained with radical polymerization. To elucidate the structure of polymers obtained with BuLi catalyst, the PVC was converted to the corresponding polyethylene, and it was found linear polymer can be produced from the polymerization of VC with BuLi. From TGA of the polymers, maximum decomposition temperature of polymers obtained with t-BuLi was higher than that with AIBN having almost the same molecular weight. 1259 Recently, several object-oriented software construction environments have been proposed. We have proposed an alternative distributed software construction environment where a user can construct an application by combining many software parts distributed in the network. To realize this environment, a distributed object technology is needed which supports a large network. However conventional technology is not sufficient for this specification because its name service is not very good. So this paper proposes a new distributed object technology which supports a large network. This technology includes a name service which manages objects efficiently and quickly by changing the graph structure of the name servers. Consequently, this name service makes it possible to access objects freely regardless of their location in the network. 1260 This paper discribes a method on simply changing the matching frequency characteristics of an EM-wave absorber and improving the matching characteristics using a Open-hole ferrite material. As the result of experimental and theoretical investigation, the ferrite with Cross-shaped holes shows a good characterisitc that it is able to change the matching frequency characteritics broadly. As for the theoretical analysis of matching characterisitcs, Spatial Network Method have been introduced. It is clarified that the matching frequency is changed from 2 [GHz] to 4 [GHz] using the ferrite material with Cross-shaped holes. 1261 We depeloped a visual simulation and evaluation system combined two methods. One is a realtime animation composition system with the scenery of the scale model and background scenery, Another the emotion spectrum analysis method in order to evaluate for architectural space. 1262 Our Visual simulation system enables a pseudoexperience of the scale model space. In our former system the subjects moved their point of view using a keyboard.In our new system, the operation of two CCD camera heads synchronizes with the movement of man's head, by reflecting the measurement value of the rotation angle of man's headAs a result, the subjects can operate more intuitively and the output image can also follow to this operation. In addition, the subjects can immediately reflect the output image in the following operation. By using this system, a real time simulation become possible. 1263 Many types of computer scheduling systems have come into wide use, but they are not necesssarily useful for finishing work. Therefore, we developed an new scheduling system effective to finishing work based on the scheduling system already developed. The system was tested in an actual construction project and was appreciated to work well for managing finishing work.This paper, at first, discusses the characteristics and management method of finishing work in comparison with structural work. Secondly, the paper describes the outline of the construction scheduling system for finishing work. 1264 B-reps is the standard CAD data. I develop the algorithm to calculate concrete volume and area of form from only CAD model data of reinforced concrete, using B-reps data structure. I apply B-reps data structure to the algorithm to convert solid data of CATIA to solid data of FROM-Z,too. In this paper, I explain the method(volume calculation using integral, how to calculate form from only CAD model data of reinforced concrete, how to convert a polygon to a group of triangles etc. ), which I think in developing these algorithms. 1265 Anthraquinone polymers are interesting and important materials in both fundamental and applicational sites. However, there has been a few reports on anthraquinone polymer soluble in organic solvents. Now, we report synthesis and properties of some anthraquinone homopolymers ; poly (3-methylanthraquinone-2,6 (or 2,7) -diyl), poly (3-methoxylanthraquinone-2,6 (or 2,7) -diyl), ply (4,8-dinitroanthraquinone-1,5-diyl), poly (4,8-diaminoanthraquinone-1,5-diyl) and poly (2-methylanthraquinone-1,4-diyl). These polymers were obtained by polycondensaion with a Ni (O) complex. These polymers were charactalised with ^1H-NMR,IR, elemental analysis. UV-Visible spectra of the polymers show expansion of the π-conjugation system. Photoreduction of anthraquinone is well known in many organic solvents. In the case of the polymers, photoreduction proceeded by light irradiation with Xe lamp. 1266 Two kinds of polymers, one of which has 3, 5-dinitrobenzoyl groups as an electron-acceptor and the other has carbazolyl groups as an electron-donor, were consecutively adsorbed onto a substrate covered with gold from the solutions in methylene chloride. The formation of this multlayer assembly is based on the charge-transfer interaction between the donor and the acceptor and could be easily monitored by surface plasmon (SP) measurements. The results of SP measurements showed that the layer thickness increased with an increased in the number of layers and the increment became constant around 10^<th> layer, showing that the steady growth takes place by the altemating adsorption of the counter polymer. Some photophysical properties of the film are also discussed. 1267 A low noise medium design is described focussing on Co-Cr-Nb films. Targeted magnetic parameters for a low noise medium (Ms--200emu, cm^3, Hc_⊥>2500 Oe, Hc_⊥/Hk_⊥>1/3) are presumed by considering M-H loops of Co-Cr films. Only Co-Cr-Nb films with high Cr contents could satisfy these parameters when deposited with a substrate temperature of 600°C.The high deposition temperature was adopted according to an elevated transition temperature of about 500°C at which Cr microsegregation in the film becomes enhanced. Magnetic properties of the film was also supported by a highly oriented Ti underlayer. In the crystallographic point of view, a Co-Cr-Nb film was found to have a more continuous structure in the film thickness direction than a Co-Cr-Ta film. 1268 ABSTRACT : The idea that the next generation computer-based training (CBT) systems should incorporate many innovative concepts in the acquisition, representation, and management of expert knowledge and common-sense knowledge is now widely accepted among the researchers. This research is partly motivated by the need for a powerful authoring system of Intelligent CBT systems. To build a sophisticated authoring systemes, the inherent property of CBT systems should be clarified in many viewpoints, for example, what role each component should play, to what extent the knowledge-bases should cover, to what degree of the fidelity of cognitive model should be pursued, and so on. In knowledge engineering, the research on a system of the concepts appeared in the domain of a knowledge-based system, called "ontology engineering", attracts much attention of AI-researchers. To put the goal of this research in other words, we have been aiming at clarifying the ontology of CBT systems from the knowledge engineering viewpoint. 1269 A new method, "Vf method", is proposed to accurately evaluate the parasitic source and drain resistances (Rs, Rd) in Schottky-gate FETs using simple DC-measurements. The method is based on an improved gate-probing technique, which is effective even if a tested device gate has a relatively large ideality factor n larger than 1. 2. And the method can evaluate the values of the Rs and Rd simply and accurately even if the device has an ultra-short gate-length Lg less than 0.15μm, because it applies a forward turn-on voltage (Vf) to the gate in order to reduce inhomogeneities in the gate current density characteristics (i. e. n-factor and apparent barrier height φ_B) along the gate length. 1270 The polymerization shrinkage during setting of adhesive resin is inevitable and induced large stress at the adhesion interface. The stress would play a role of driving force which peels the adhesive from the adherend.Micro particle metal powder as a filler was blended with 4-META heat curing type adhesive resin in order to decrease the stress induced by polymerization shrinkage at adhesion interface.The residual stress was decreased remarkably with mixing ratio (V_<metal>, V_<PMMA>) of In and PMMA powders up to 0.2 and not decreased with the ratio over 0.3. 1271 Silk Fibroin (SF) films have been investigated in recent as starting materials based on the natural polymers for the applications in the biotechnological and biomedical fields. Since SF film was very brittle, Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) was blended with SF to improve its mechanical properties. Poly-isocyanate (AQ) was also added to the blend to crosslink the polymers.The addition of PVA to SF was effective to improve the elongation at break. The addition of AQ to the blend was more effective and dramatic improvement of the elongation property was attained. However, a little change in tensile strength at break was observed by the addition of these components. The results might be attributed to various factors, such as intrinsic properties of the material added to SF, the higher hygroscopicity of the blends, the plasticizing effect of the additional water molecules absorbed, etc 1272 A variety of baring elements have been invented, but still none of them can be credited as satisfying with its ductility, manageability and workability. The slit steel baring wall, with its steel between the slits acting as columns, resists ductically and its stiffness and baring force can easily be controlled by changing the slits' size, number, etc., and yet, can be manufactured with modest effort. This thesis aims to show this by presenting the results of two basic experiments (pilot experiment and 1, 3-4 miniature experiment), and to explain the procedure to adjust the baring wall to meet the structural demands. 1273 Following the previous basic experiment, we aim to clarify the structural property of the Slit Steel Bearing Wall. In the experiment 1 in this study, we introduced stiffeners to prevent specimens deformation out of plain. In the following experiment 2, we widened the specimens to reduce the axial force caused by the toppled moment and also added another parameter the rung of slit to the former parameter width by thickness ratio of column part. We carried out the experiments with monotonic and cyclic loading and contrasted the experimental stiffness and strength with the analytical ones. 1274 The quasi-optical antenna mixer system transforms the RF signal and the local oscillator's signal (LO) into the intermediate frequency signal as soon as the saystem receives the RF and LO signals spatially. We have proved a novel beam scanning system with the quasi-optical antenna-mixer array. In the report, we describe experimental results in the microwave band. The arrival direction of the RF signal can be controlled by the system without RF circuits such as phase shifters in the phased array. Therefore, not only losses in RF circuits are reduced but also the system is easily designed because of its simple structure. 1275 Multimodal expression combining speech and gestures is often used toexpress position, size shape, and other object sttributes. A system has been developed to find the correspondence between speech and gesture modals, which is an indispensable part of recognizing multimodal expression.In the field of psychology, the temporal relationship existing between speech and gesture elements is regarded as a key feature. We have used this relationship and a system we have developed for automatically segmenting gestures to achieve stable interval detection. In an experiment performed with respect to data obtained from 22 subjects, an accuracy rate of 93.4% was achieved. 1276 This paper proposes a pre-distortion type linearizer for the adaptive modulation system to achieve high quality and high power efficient land mobile communications. In the proposed linearizer, original waveform of the preamble signal and corresponding output of the transmitter amplifier is compared to estimate non-linear distortion of the amplifier, in which non-linear distortion is discretely measured and the calculated distortion is interpolated using spline interpolation to reduce the number of calculation. Based on the estimated distortion, predistortion factor is calculated and the factor is multiplied with the original signal to compensate for nonlinear distortion. Computer simulation confirms that the proposed method can sufficiently suppress the non-linear distortion in the adaptive modulation TDMA, TDD systems. 1277 In order to evaluate biochemical and physiological activities of antioxidative substances, both chemical and immunochemical evaluation systems for oxidative stress have been developed. As the chemical methods, formation of free radicals and lipid peroxidation products was monitored by ESR and HPLC, however, more sensitive and convenient method has been developed by application of immunochemical techniques. Polyclonal and monoclonal anitibodies specific to lipid hydroperoxides, lipid degradation products and oxidation product of DNA have been prepared and applied for evaluation and analysis of antioxidative mechanisms of sesame lignans. 1278 We had beneficial results which high fluidity concrete of expansion was applied for base isolated building. 1279 Copolymerization of an oligonorbornene (1) having a cyclic carbonate structure in the side chain and a cyclic carbonate having a norbornene structure (2) with epoxide (3) properties of the obtained copolymers were examined. Copolymerizations of 1 and 2 were carried out with DBU as an initiator in bulk at 120°C for 1 h to afford the corresponding polymers in 72--73% yields. The 10% weight loss temperature under a nitrogen atmosphere of poly (2-co-3) was higher than that of poly (1-co-3) probably due to the effect of crosslinking. 1280 1-(5-Pyrimidyl) dibenzosuberyl methacrylate was synthesized and polymerized. Anionic polymerization was carried out using the complexes of N, N'-diphenylethylenediamine monolithium amide with (-)-sparteine (Sp), (S)-(+)-1-(2-pyrrolidinylmethyl) pyrrolidine (PMP), and (S,S)-(+)-2, 3-dimethoxy-1, 4-bis (dimethylamino) butane (DDB) in toluene at -78°C. Compared with the polymers obtained with Sp- and PMP-complexes, the one obtained with DDB-complex had higher isotacticity (mm>98) and optical activity ([α]_<365> +1036°) which could be ascribed to one-handed helical conformation. Radical polymerization gave almost perfectly isotactic polymers. The optically active polymer exhibited chiral recognition ability toward several racemic compounds. 1281 Asymmetric anionic polymerization of 1- (5-pyrimidyl) dibenzosuberyl methacrylate (1) was carried out using the complexes of N,N'-diphenylethylenediamine monolithium amide with (-) -sparteine (Sp), (S) - (+) -1- (2-pyrrolidinylmethyl) pyrrolidine (PMP), and (S,S) - (+) -2, 3-dimethoxy-1, 4-bis (dimethylamino) butane (DDB) in toluene at -78°C.Among the three ligands, DDB gave the highest isotacticity (mm>97%) and optical activity ([α]_<365>+1036°) of the obtained polymer which may be ascribed to single-handed helical conformation of the main chain. The optically active poly-1 exhibited chiral recognition ability toward several racemic compounds including trans-stilbene oxide, Troger's base, and 1, 1'-bi-2-naphthol. Radical polymerization of 1 gave an almost completely isotactic polymer. 1282 Optically active poly (phenylacetylene) derivatives bearing a norephedrine residue were prepared by the polymerization of the corresponding monomers with [Rh (NBD) Cl_2. The polymers showed a split-type induced circular dichroism (CD) in the UV-visible region, probably due to the prevailing one-handed helix formation of the polymers. The intensity of the CD signal in the presence of mandelic acids was affected by the absolute configuration of the acids. The enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde in hexane at 30°C using the polymer as a chiral catalyst afforded (R)-1-phenyl-1-propanol in 45-50%ee. 1283 Optically active poly (phenylacetylene) derivatives bearing a norephedrine residue were prepared by the polymerization of the corresponding monomers with [Rh (NBD) Cl]_2. The polymers showed a split-type induced circular dichroism (CD) in the UV-visible region, probably due to the prevailing one-handed helix formation of the polymers. The CD spectral pattern of the polymers were dramatically changed in the presence of optically active acids such as (R) -mandelic acid. The enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde in hexane at 30°C using the polymer as a chiral catalyst afforded (R) -1-phenyl-1-propanol in 45-50%ee. 1284 Properties of novel thermo-responsive polymer carrying amino acid residue as a side chain was investigated. In this purpose, new type acrylamide monomer carrying L-lysine group (Z-L-Lys-OBzl AAm) was prepared by the reaction L-Lys-OBzl with acryloyl chloride in THF.Z-L-Lys-OBzl AAm was copolymerized with N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) in tert-BuOH.Poly (NIPAAm-co-L-Lys AAm) was obtained by removing protecting groups of poly (NIPAAm-co-L-Lys-OBzl AAm) in TFMSA-thioanisole, TFA.Thermal properties of poly (NIPAAm-co-L-Lys AAm)aq. solution was examined by following the light intensity transmitted through the solution. Phase transition temperature of poly (NIPAAm-co-L-Lys AAm) was 20C higher than that of PNIPAAm, because of increasing hydrophilicity by ionized lysine groups. 1285 Properties of novel thermo-responsive polymer carrying amino acid residue as a side chain were investigated. In this study, new type acrylamide monomer carrying L-lysine group (Z-L-Lys OBzl AAm) was prepared by the reaction Z-L-Lys-OBzl with acryloyl chloride in THF.Z-L-Lys-OBzl AAm was copolymerized with N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) in tert-BuOH.Poly (NIPAAm-co-L-Lys AAm) was obtained by removing protecting groups in TFMSA-thioanisole, TFA.The aqueous solution of poly (NIPAAm-co-L-Lys AAm) underwent phase separation by changing temperature and pH. 1286 Novel optically active aromatic isocyanates 1-5 were synthesized and homopolymerized and copolymerized with 6 using the lithium amide of piperidine as an initiator in THF at -98°C. The obtained homopolymers of 1-4 showed very large specific rotation and intense CD absorption, indicating that these polymers have a predominantly one-handed helical conformation. In contrast, the specific rotation of the homopolymer of 5 was small ([α]_<365>^<25> +58°). This indicates that poly-5 has a almost random helical conformation at room temperature. The distance between the polymer main chain and the chiral center on the side chain seems to have a great influence on the excess of helical sense. 1287 Novel optically active phenyl isocyanate derivertives bearing (S) -α-methylbenzyloxycarbonyl (1), (-) -menthoxycarbonyl (2), (S) -sec-butoxycarbonyl (3), and (S) -2-methyl-1-butoxycarbonyl (4) gruop at meta position were synthesized, and homopolymerized and copolymerized with m-methoxyphenyl isocyanate using lithium amide of piperidine as the initiator in THF at -98°C.Poly-1, -2, and -3 showed very large specific rotation and intense CD absorption in the main chain absorption region, indicating that these polymers have predominant one-handed helical conformation. In contrast, the specific rotation of poly-4 was as small as that of monomer 4. This indicates that poly-4 has no predominantly one-handed helical conformation at room temperature. The specific rotation of poly-3 changed from positive to negative value by decreasing temperature and this change was reversible. This change is attributed to the helicity change of the main chain. The structure of the optically active group on the phenyl ring had a great influence on the main chain structure. 1288 Field tests were performed to know the applicability of blast densification of loose sand layers against liquefaction. The test consists of three series of single-hole trail blasting and three series of multi-holes blasting. During blasting excess pore water pressure were measured. Excess pore water pressure ratio-scaled distance relationship was presented. Using these results, design method to determine a blasting pit were proposed. 1289 Field tests were performed to know the applicability of blast densification of loose sand layers against liquefaction. The test consists of three series of single-hole trail blasting and three series of multi-holes blastings. In case of blast densification it is important to know ground vibrations and sound by blasting at the neighboring buildings. Ground vibration-scaled distance relationships were proposed to determine a charge weight. Noise by blasting is relatively low because blasting was performed under ground. 1290 Poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) and poly (vinylmethylether) are water-soluble polymers which have lower critical solution temperatures (LCST) in water. This phase transition behavior of the polymers can be considered a temperature-induced protein denaturation. However, little is known the effect of optically active groups in a polymer on the phase transittion behavior, which proteins have many chiral centers. Influence of chirality of a polymer on phase transittion behavior was investigated. Optical transmittance for poly (D-N- (2-hydroxymethyl) propylmethacrylamide) (P (D-HPMA)) aqueons solution as a function of temperature was measured with a UV-vis spectrophotometer at 500 nm. P (D-HPMA) was water-soluble and showed the LCST near 33.6°C. On the other hand, P (DL-HPMA) composed of racemic monomers was also water-soluble but demonstrated the different LCST of 41.3°C. This study describes that the optically active groups in a polymer affected the phase transition behavior. 1291 Asymmetric anionic polymerization of 2-fluorophenyl-4-fluorophenyl-2-pyridylmethyl methacrylate was carried out using complexes of N, N'-diphenylethylenediamine monolithium amide with (-)-sparteine (SP), (+)-1-(2-pyrrolidinylmethyl) pyrrolidine (PMP), and (+)-2, 3-dimethoxy-1, 4-bis (dimethylamino) butane (DDB) in toluene at -78°C. It was found that the isotacticity and optical activity of the polymer largely depend on the chiral ligand used in the complex as well as the initial ratio of the monomer to lithium in the polymerization. Compared with the polymers obtained with Sp- and DDB-complxes, the one obtained with PMP-complex showed much higher isotacticity (mm>99%) and optical activity ([α]_<365>^<25>=-1556°) which could be ascribed to the one-handed helical conformation. Radical polymerization of the monomer was also performed, and the polymer obtained was rich in isotacticity. 1292 Recently, a low-heat type portland cement, which included much amount of berit was developed. Its hydraion proceeds very slowly, it is considered that the harded paste gets both high density and high durability with time.We made the test specimens with both mortar and cement paste using this cement and measured their mechanical and chemical characteristics. The hydration of base-cement has finished at the age of half a year, and the hydration of pozzolan has still been proceeding. 1293 Poly (2-methyl-2-oxazoline) has the dimethylacetamide (DMAc) structures as repeating units and shows the properties of the aprotic polar polymer such as compatibility with DMAc soluble polymers and amphiphilicity. On the other hand, we already prepared aliphatic polysulfoxides and poly (hexamethylphosphoramide) (poly (HMPA)) and found they have the properties as aprotic polar polymers. In this paper, the synthesis of poly (N, N-dimethylcarbamoylmethylene) as a novel polymer homolog of DMAc is described. The properties of this polymer were also examined. The reaction of poly (dit-butyl fumarate) with HMPA at 180°C provided poly (N,N-dimethyl-carbamoylmethylene) with almost complete substitution of esters to amides. The polymer was also prepared by the reaction of poly (fumaric acid) with HMPA at 180°C. The resulting polymer was found to have properties as an amphiphilic polymer. 1294 We have already prepared the polymer homologs of dimethyl sulfoxide and hexamethylphosphoramide and showed that they have expected properties such as compatibility with other polymers. N,N-Dimethylacetamide (DMAc) is also known as an aprotic polar solvent and poly (2-methyl-2-oxazoline), which has DMAc units in its main chain, can be regarded as the polymer homolog of DMAc. In this study, the synthesis of poly (N,N-dimethylcarbamoylmethylene) as a novel polymer homolog of DMAc having DMAc units as the side chains is described. The properties of this polymer were also examined and compared with those of poly (2-methyl-2-oxazoline). Poly (di-t-butyl fumarate) was heated at 180°C for 2 hours and the resulting poly (fumaric acid) was then reacted with 1 equivalent of HMPA at 180°C to give poly (N,N-dimethylcarbamoylmethylene) with almost complete substitution of esters to amides. This polymer was found to have properties as an amphiphilic polymer. Compatibility of two poly (DMAc)s with other polymers was also examined and poly (N,N-dimethylcarbamoylmethylene) showed higher compatibility with poly (vinylpyrrolidone) than poly (2-methyl-2-oxazoline). 1295 Superabsorbent polymer gels were synthesized by copolymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm), three kinds of tri-n-alkyl-4-vinylbenzyl phosphonium chlorides (TRVB) with different lengths of alkyl chains, and N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBAAm). Water adsorption and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) of the gels were investigated. It was found that the water content of the copolymers decreased with increasing temperature, and the transition temperatures of the copolymers were shifted to lower temperatures in proportion to the lengths of alkyl chains in the phosphonium groups introduced. The water content of copolymers increased with increasing contents in phosphonium groups and with decreasing content in cross-linking agents. The antibacterial activity against S.aureus increased with increasing content in phosphonium groups and with decreasing the lengths of alkyl chains. 1296 We have reported homogeneous organic-inorganic polymer hybrids of silica and organic polymers having hydrogen bond acceptors such as poly (2-methyl-2-oxazoline) (PMcOZO). On the other hand, hydrophobic poly (2-phenyl-2-oxazoline) (PPhOZO) could not give transparent polymer hybrids. In this paper, we synthesized homogeneous polymer hybrids of an amphiphilic block copolymer (1) of PPhOZO and PMeOZO with silica and found that the hydrophobic PPhOZO segment was homogeneously dispersed in the silica gel by the covalent linkage with PMeOZO segments.We also report the synthesis of polymer hybrids in which pyrene was homogeneously dispersed in silica matrix by the sol-gel reaction of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) in the presence of pyrene and PMcOZO or block copolymer (1). We found that the polymer incorporated in the silica matrix facilitated the homogeneous dispersion of pyrene molecule in the hybrid matrix. 1297 We have investigated the synthesis of molecular-level organic-inorganic polymer hybrids by the sol-gel reaction of alkoxysilanes. The hydrogen bonding interaction between two phases was found to play an important role for the homogeneous dispersion of the organic polymers. Thus, organic polymers without those functional groups did not afford homogeneous polymer hybrids due to low miscibility. Here, we report the synthesis of homogeneous polymer hybrids starting from commodity polymers with aromatic groups such as polymstryrene or polycarbonate utilizing novel synthetic methods. Homogeneous polystyrene and silica gel polymer hybrids were prepared by in-situ radical polymerization method, in which the vinyl monomer was introduced into the sol-gel reaction of tetramethoxysilane and polymerized in-situ. Employment of phenyltrimethoxysilane as a starting material for silica gel was also found to be a very effective method for the synthesis of polymer hybrids, in which the preformed polystyrene was used. The method was applied to other organic polymers such as poly (diallyl phthalate) or polycarbonate. 1298 We reported the synthesis of molecular-level organic-inorganic polymer hybrids by the sol-gel reaction of alkoxysilanes. It was also confirmed that simultaneous radical polymerization of N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMAAm) in the sol-gel reaction of tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) produced homogeneous PDMAAm and silica gel hybrids. Here we report the synthesis of IPN-type polymer hybrids utilizing the in-situ polymerization method. The hybrids were prepared by heating the solution of TMOS, DMAAm, methylenebisacrylamide (MBAAm) and AIBN in the presence of acid catalyst. The obtained polymer hybrids were very homogeneous even with 100 wt% of MBAAm to DMAAm. The homogeneity was confirmed by nitrogen sorption porosimetry of porous silica prepared by pyrolysis of polymer hybrid, from which the organic polymers were found to be dispersed at a nano scale. As expected, the IPN polymer hybrids exhibited the strong resistance to solvent extraction. Homogeneous polystyrene gel and silica gel IPN polymer hybrids were also obtained by the same method starting from divinylbenzene, styrene and TMOS. 1299 Organic-inorganic polymer hybrids were prepared from poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) and tetramethoxysilane (TMOS), and their solvent-resistant property, swelling behavior in water, and thermoresponsive property were examined. Two methods were employed to prepare polymer hybrids : (i) Acid-catalyzed sol-gel reaction of TMOS in the presence of PNIPAAm. (ii) Simultaneous radical (co) polymerization of NIPAAm (and crosslinker) during the sol-gel reaction. (In-situ polymerization method). By both methods, the obtained polymer hybrids were transparent and homogeneous at the molecular level. Polymer hybrids prepared by the in-situ polymerization method with more than 1 mol% of crosslinker showed excellent solvent-resistant property. This behavior can be explained by its interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) structure. The IPN polymer hybrids were swollen in water. Swelling degree was found to depend on organic-inorganic ratio. crosslinker content, and temperature. By DSC measurement, an endothermic peak corresponding to dehydration was observed around 34°C, which correlates with the change of swelling degree. 1300 We have investigated the synthesis of molecular-level organic-inorganic polymer hybrids by the sol-gel reaction of alkoxysilanes. The hydrogen bonding interaction between amide groups of organic polymers and silanol groups of silica gel was found to play an important role for the homogeneous dispersion of the organic polymers. Here, we report the synthesis of polystyrene and silica gel polymer hybrids utilizing π-π interaction between the organic polymer and silica gel which was prepared by the sol-gel reaction of phenyltrimethoxysilane. Optically transparent polymer hybrids were successfully obtained by the method, while tetramethoxysilane, methyltrimethoxysilane and ^ibutyltrimethoxysilane afforded only turbid composite materials. Therefore, it was expected that π-π interaction between the phenyl rings of the polymer and the silica gel is indispensable for the homogeneity of the polymer hybrids. Transparent polymer hybrids were also prepared starting from poly (diallyl phthalate) and polycarbonate. 1301 Reversible photo-dimerization reaction of coumarin was utilized to form organic-inorganic polymer hybrids having interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) structure. Organic-inorganic polymer hybrids were prepared from coumarin-modified poly (2-methyl-2-oxazoline) (POZO-C). Transparent and homogeneous polymer hybrids could be obtained from POZO-C and tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) when relatively concentrated HCl_<ap> was employed as a catalyst for the sol-gel reaction. The ratio of POZO-C to TMOS could be changed in a wide range without any influence on the transparency of the polymer hybrids. The photo-dimerization of coumarin moieties was carried out by the irradiation of the light with wavelength longer than 310nm, and was followed by absorption spectra. Almost quantitative reaction was achieved even in the polymer hybrids. Thermal, mechanical, and solvent-resistant properties were examined before and after the crosslinking reaction. By the irradiation of 254nm light, de-crosslinking reaction proceeded. About 60% of dimer was converted to the starting material in POZO-C film and about 15% of coumarin was re-generated in the polymer hybrids. 1302 We previously proposed a next generation cellular system for FPLMTS based on W-CDMA, TDD scheme and had evaluated its performance by computer simulation, laboratory and field experiment. With W-CDMA/TDD scheme, because of its correlation between the forward link and the reverse link, reception and transmit space diversity (SD) on the base station and open-loop transmit power control (TPC) can be simply realized. This paper reports performance of laboratory experiments using a developed testbed. The results shows good agreement with that of computer simulations. Reception and transmit SD, and open-loop TPC run efficiently, in case of maximum Doppler frequency up to 200[Hz], and required Eb/No per antenna branch to achieve the BER=10^<-3> results in 3--4[dB] in the experiments. 1303 We previously proposed a next generation cellular system for IMT-2000 based on W-CDMA, TDD scheme and had evaluated its performance by computer simulation, laboratory and field experiments. With W-CDMA/TDD scheme, because of its correlation between the downlink and the uplink, reception and transmission space diversity (SD) on the base station and open loop transmit power control (TPC) can be simply realized. This paper shows it has been confirmedthat reception and transmission SD and open-loop TPC have sufficient performance under a field environment. 1304 In this paper, we try a realization of the transparent wave absorber for V band. First, we propose a structure of the transparent wave absorber consisting of spacer (polycarbonate) and two transparent resistive sheet (polyethylene terephtalate deposited with Indium Tin Oxide) used as a reflection film and an absorption film, and present a design chart for this type of wave absorber. Second, we describe a design and manufacturing of the transparent wave absorber particularly for V band. As a result, the measured frequency characteristics of reflection loss indicate that a peak absorption of 32-38dB is attained at a target frequency of 60GHz. 1305 Recentry, it recovers subsurface water in urban.It is important to check the slability for heaving when an earth retaining wall is executed in ground with high artesian pressur.In this paper, it is reported that design and exeoution of countermeasures against heaving when an earth retaining wall is executed in ground with high artesian pressure. 1306 In this paper, a new method to use CFS which is prestressed before they are bonded to the concrete surfaces based on the concept of prestressing technique is developed. The CFS prestressing system is first designed to be suitable for strengthening existing concrete elements. An experimental program is carried out to conform tha reinforcement effects for plain concrete beams. To avoid the debonding failure near the ends upon releasing the pre-tensioned force, the end bonding areas are dealt with by new proposed reinforcing methods. 1307 We propose the block cipher which chooses cryptographic function. This cipher not limit to be able to use only CA as cryptographic function. This cipher generalizes and can use voluntary cryptographic function. We showed basic structure of this cipher and carried security evaluation. We considered security evaluation by attack condition about the case which applied differential cryptoanalysis and the case which applied linear cryptanalysis. As a result, we discovered the tendency which a number of known-plaintext or calculative quantity increases. 1308 An method for facial expression recognition using HMM is proposed in which features are extracted from velocity vectors. In our previous method, displacement vectors are used for feature extraction. But errors of displacement vector become larger as the length of the sequence gets longer. This makes it difficult to recognize sequences with multiple expressions. Therefore the new method with features extracted from velocity vectors and with other features obtained by time integration of velocity vector length. The experiments showed as high recognition rate as our previous method. Moreover the shorter time length required for recognition enabled the recognition of the sequence with multiple expressions. 1309 Recognizing facial expressions is important in communication through vertual scenes in which one's body and face are transformed into other's ones. In this report, a method using HMM with mixture normal dencity as a output probibility is described. First, features are obtained by applying Fourier transform to a vector field generated by a facial change. Then, the distributions of the features are approximated by mixture normal dencity. Finnaly, HMMs are trained to be used for recognition. The recognition experiments using four subjects showed good recognition rate for expressions with fewer interpersonal variation. 1310 (C_5H_5) Co (PPh_3) I_2 (1) combined with methylalminoxane (MAO) or with triethylaluminum (TEA) polymerized acrylonitrile (AN) to form yellowish polymer whose molecular weight and molecular-weight distribution were several thousands and ca. 2, respectively. The configuration of the polymer was atactic, and the fraction of syndiotactic triad was slightly higher than the polymer obtained by radical polymerization. MAO and TEA also produced poly (AN), though the yield was low. In the copolymerization of AN and styrene (ST), AN was mainly consumed by 1-TEA, though St predominantly polymerized by TEA.This fact indicates that polymerization mechanism by 1-TEA is different from that with TEA.Methyl methacrylate also polymerized by 1-MAO or by 1-TEA.The polymer produced by 1-MAO was insoluble in all of solvents examined. 1311 The atom transfer radical polymerization method using the Cubr, 4,4'-di-n-heptyl-2,2'-bipyridine (dHbipy) complex was applied to the graft polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) on the Si wafer substrate on which the initiator, 2-(4-chlorosulfonylphenyl) ethyl trimethoxysilane, was monomolecularly immobilized by a Langmuir-Blodgett technique. The atomic force microscopic observation revealed that the homogenous layer of the graft polymers was formed on the substrate. The layer thickness determined by ellipsometry was observed to increase with reaction time, giving a proportional relationship with the number-average molecular weight of homopolymers produced in a solution. This suggests that the graft polymerization is successfully controlled by the CuBr/dHbipy complex in the same way as the bulk polymerization. The surface structure was found to be controlled by an UV-inradiation, which decomposes the initiator fixed on the substrate. 1312 In order to establish the method for prediciting operating points under extrusion moulding, mortars with various water content rations and two types of fiber addittives were prepared. They were extruded under various die opening geometries. Three factors were proposed for evaluationg of die opening geometries. As results, they were verified that the extruding pressure was caused through the shear deformation of materials and it were estimated by effective thickness with any mix proportions and any die opening geometry. The extruding velocity was determined by die barrel opening ratio. The method for evaluating of process control by shear characteristics had generality. 1313 To gather the WWW resources for information retrieval, a lot of information gathering robot (robot) are running on the Internet. Though these robots decide the resource gathering plan considering with load distribution of WWW servers etc, the resource gathering method that limit the field of resources is not established.In this paper, we describe about the performance evaluation result of the robot that has function to limit the field of resources. 1314 Preparation of novel N-(2-ethoxycarbonylethyl) chitin (1) by N-selective Michael addition has been studied. The reaction of ethyl acrylate with partially N-deacetylated chitins (degree of acetylation (DA) ; ca. 50%) was carried out a mixture of a phosphate buffer solution and methanol at 40°C without hydrolysis of pendant ester groups. In such a mild condition, the amino groups of D-glucosamine repeating units in partially N-deacetylated chitin were allowed to selectively react with ethyl acrylate. The structure of 1 was characterized by ^<13>C-and ^1H-NMR and analytical pyrolysis techniques by which the degree of substitution was estimated. N-Carboxyethylchitin was also prepared by hydrolysis of ester side-chains of 1. 1 is important as a prepolymer having ester groups toward a variety of chitin derivatives. 1315 There has been a great interest in controlling refractive indices of materials to produce the graded-index (GRIN) devices such as high-bandwidth GI-POF and GRIN lens. We have found that two-photon excitation of organic molecules induces large refractive index variation. In this presentation we discuss the effects of two-photon excitation on both refractive index variation and photochemical reaction. Refractive index variation in nitrone, PMMA films obtained by two-photon excitation were found to be more than 0.02. By analyzing the kinetics of photochemical reaction, we found that the refractive indices can be controlled by the irradiation time and incident light intensity. In addition, refractive index variation was found to depend on strongly on the wavelength of laser pulse. 1316 A high sensitive miniature piezoresistive force sensor utilizing combination of three-axis stress components has been developed. This work aims to develop a force sensor which acts as a sensing unit assembled in a new miniature high pressure sensor. By using a force transmission rod, forces are applied to piezoresistors on a silicon diaphragm of the sensor. Resistance changes of the piezoresistors depend on combination of stress components generated by the applying forces. FEM stress analysis was carried out, in order to investigate dependence of stress components on dimensions and Young's modulus of the rod, and diaphragm thickness. A sensor structure to obtain large resistance changes of the piezoresistors was found by utilizing valid combination of three-axis stress components according to the analysis. As an experimental result, an output voltage more than 140mV, 5V at 150N was obtained. 1317 We already realized the transparent wave absorber using resistive-film at 60 GHz. The necessity of transparent wave absorber at 1GHz frequency band is higher and higher because a poket telethone has come into wide use now. In this paper, we try to realize the one- and two-layered transparent wave absorber using resistive-film at 1GHz frequency band. As a result, we confirm that the realization of one-layered transparent wave absorber which has reflection loss of more than 20dB at 1.35-1.67 [GHz] , and also that the realization of the two-layered transparent wave absorber which has the reflection loss of more than 20dB at 0.99-2.00 [GHz] . These wave absorbers will be used as a wall because the thickness is about 40 or 73 [mm] . 1318 We already realized the transparent wave absorber using resistive-film at 60GHz. The necessity of transparent wave absorber at 1GHz frequency band is higher and higher because a poket telethone has come into wide use now. In this paper, we try to realize the one- and two-layerd transparent wave absorber using resistive-film at 1GHz frequency band. As a result, we confirm that the realization of one-layerd transparent wave absorber which reflection loss is more than 20dB at 1.32-1.60 [GHz], and also that the realization of the two-layerd transparent wave absorber which has the characteristics of more than 20dB at 1.02-1.88 [GHz]. These type wave absorbers will be used as a wall because the thickness is about 40-72 [mm]. 1319 We already realized the transparent wave absorber using resistive-film at 60 GHz. The necessity of transparent wave absorber at X band for ]radars is increasing. In this paper, we try to realize the two-layered transparent wave absorber using resistive-film at X band. As a result, we can show the design charts as the function of dielectric constant and thickness of glass, and can confirm that the transparent wave absorber has the reflection loss of more than 17dB at 8.5--11.5 [HGz]. 1320 The surface of adhesives such as poly (isobutylene) and poly (butylacrylate) were modified by remote nitrogen plasma to investigate some effects of functional groups on the adhesive surface on adhesion. The plasma treatment made the adhesive surface hydrophilic. The hydrophilicity decreased with increasing store time up to 24 h in air. After this time, the hydrophilicity decrease became negligible. The plasma treatment led to the formation of nitrogen functional groups such as amide groups and oxygen functional groups such as carbonyl groups in the thin layer in ranges of 10 nm deep from the surface. The adhesive strengeth was improved 2.5 times higher by the surface modification of the adhesive. Change in physical properties of the adhesive by the plasma were discussed from AFM and stress-strain measurements. 1321 The Heights-surveying of the KAMMON-Suspension Bridge has been carried out by the Level-Surveying methods. But, the obtained results were not enough reliabile, because of including the deflection by the heavy-vehicles. Then "Optical Auto-tracking System" was adopted and these results were regulated by the "Evaluation way for the heavy-vehicles" It was confirmed that the obtained results by using these methods were accurate. However, Loading-Test was executed to approve some assumptions, because of including these values. 1322 We propose a new drawing mechanism that can reflect a user's assertion. In this paper, the term "assertion" is defined as a user's intention that a user wants to describe by a graph of time series data (e. g., "rapid increase" or "gentle decrease"). In making a graph, the user determines the adequate range of the spindle scale in order to show the assertion to an audience in an obvious manner. Existing spreadsheets, unfortunately, do not take account of such a user's assertion to draw a graph, but instead draws a graph by using numeral data only. Our proposed mechanism solves this problem because the range of the spindle scale is determined depending on the user's assertion using knowledge on it. 1323 It is very interesting to synthesize the polymer having functional groups by the oxidative coupling polymerization. As seen in the synthesis of PPO, it is very difficult to produce the polymer having hydroxy groups. On the other hand, 2-naphthol derivatives are well-known to produce quantitative yields of binaphthols by the oxidative coupling reaction. Thus, the compounds having naphthol skeleton were elected as the monomer to obtain the hydroxy decorated polymers. The polymerization was performed in the presence of a catalytic amount of copper (II) complex. The characterization was carried out by NMR spectroscopies and estimated the polymer to have a well-defined structure, and hydroxy groups were still remaining after the polymerization. 1324 For the application of Ti-6Al-7Nballoy in the dental field, castability of this alloy was investigated. The castability of Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy was higher than Co-Cr alloy. And it was the same as pure titanium. 1325 Tuned Mass Damper (TMD) to reduce bridge vibration caused by traffic load has been often researched. However, there are a few bridges equipped with TMD for this purpose.So in this paper, the authors have developed "The Powerful TMD (PTMD)", which is TMD-type device and expected to install in real bridges. The PTMD is more effective than the usual TMD by enhancing control force applying to principle of lever. As a result of response analyses using measured traffic vibration waves, the authors are confirmed the PTMD can reduce maximum response displacements of girders under traffic load more effectively than the usual TMD. 1326 We have been investigating bending of polyurethane elastomer films by an applied electric field. This bending deformation was suggested to be the electrostriction.In this paper, we report the effect of hard segments on bending electrostriction of polyurethane. Polyurethane films were composed of poly (3-methylpentamethylene adipate) (PMPA), p-phenylenediisocianete (PPDI), trimethylolpropane (TMP), and 1,3-butanediol (1,3-BD). Generation of asymmetric strain on each electrode caused bending motion. and its relaxation induced by an applied electric field proceeded simultaneously. The strain of the film which had hard segments (PPDI, 1,3-BD) between chemical crosslink points (PPDI/TMP) increased more slowly and reached higher value, compared with the film which had no hard segment. These results suggest the relaxation can be controlled due to the friction between molecular chains by introducing the hard segments. 1327 The element which fixes the schedule of the data broadcasting includes the waiting time to get data after the receiver desires them and the latency time to broadcast updated data after the broadcast server gets them. Moreover, access times to need by getting purpose data after the receiver desires it is added to the element, if he has a mobile terminal and thinks much of the battery saving. We consider about the aptimal broadcast schedule standard for each element. 1328 The purpose of this study was to determine if CaO-P_2O_5-SiO_2-Al_2O_3 (CPSA) glass-fiber particles could be used as a reinforcing agent for glass-ionomer cement. Various sizes of CPSA glass-fiber were mixed with the powder of a commercial glass-ionomer cement before mixing with the liquid of glass-ionomer cement. The mixed powders containing 40-60wt% glass-fiber obtained a maximum value in the diametral tensile strength (DTS) of set cements, compared with the other mixtures. The DTS of the set cement after 24hours increased with the increase in aspect ratio and the decrease in diameter of glass-fiber partciles. The DTS was 23MPa when the content, diameter and aspect ratio of glass-fiber were 60wt%, 9.7μm and 5.0, respectively. This mixture gave the maximum value of DTS, and the value was 1.7 times higher than that of cement powder-only. It was revealed that the CPSA glass-fiber particles acted as a reinforcing agent for strengthening a glass-ionomer cement. 1329 Novel α-(Alkoxymethyl)acrylate bearing a chiral substituent, racemic and optically active benzyl α- (menthoxymethyl) acrylates were synthesized, and polymerized with radical and anionic initiators. The effect of chiral substituents on the stereoregularity and chiroptical property of the resulting polymers were investigated. In the anionic polymerization of the racemic monomer the polymerizability was greatly changed by various anionic initiators, and some lithium amide complexes gave the polymers with a narrow molecular weight distribution in good yields. ^1H and ^<13>C NMR spectra of the polymers anionically obtained were showed slightly sharper peaks, indicating that the polymer possessed higher stereoregularity than the radical polymer. 1330 Recently, we found that the aionic polymerization of α-(alkoxymethyl) acrylates and α-(aminomethyl) acrylates with lithium reagents gave highly isotactic polymers. In this report, α-(alkylthiomethyl) acrylates were synthesized, and their polymerizability and the stereoregularity of the polymers obtained by anionic methods were investigated. The monomers had no radical polymerizability, while anionic polymerization using n-BuLi in toluene at -78°C gave the polymers possessing remarkable high isotacticity in good yield. However anionic polymerization in THF gave the polymers with low molecular weight in poor yields. The polymerizations of α-(alkylsulfinylmethyl) acrylates and α-(alkylsulfonylmethyl) acrylates were also studied. 1331 In search of stereospecific methods of acrylate polymerization, anionic polymerizations of methyl, t-butyl, and triphenylmethyl acrylates were carried out under various conditions. In the polymerization of methyl ester using n-BuLi as an initiator in toluene at-78°C giving an isotactic polymer, stereochemistry of propagation was affected by concentrations of monomer and initiator : a lower [monomer]_0 and a higher [Li]_0 led to higher isotactic specificity. This suggests that propagation stereochemistry may be connected with aggregation of propagating species. Concentration effects were also observed in the polymerization of t-butyl and triphenylmethyl esters though the effects were less obvious compared with those in the plymerization of methyl ester. AlEt_3-PR_3 initiator systems^1 were used for polymerizations of methyl and t-butyl esters and polymers rich in dyad syndiotacticity were obtained. 1332 Recently, we found that the anionic polymerization of α-(alkoxymethyl) acrylates and α-(aminomethyl) acrylates with lithium reagents gave highly isotactic polymers. In this report, α-(alkylthiomethyl) acrylates were synthesized, and their polymerizability and the stereoregularity of the polymers obtained by anionic methods, their application as chain-transfer agents in the anionic polymerization of methyl methacrylate were investigated. The monomers had no radical polymerizability, while anionic polymerization using n-BuLi in toluene at -78°C gave the polymers in good yields. The obtained polymers were found to be highly isotactic by ^1H and ^<13>C NMR analyses. However, the polymerization in THF gave the polymers with low molecular weight in poor yields because of chain-transfer reaction. 1333 Effect of main-chain tacticity on thermal property and liquid crystallinity of stereoregular poly (methacrylate) s*having a mesogenic group as an ester was reported previously. ^<1)> In the present report, a novel α-(alkoxymethyl)acrylate bearing a mesogenic group as an alkoxy group, ethyl α-{6-[4-(4'-methoxyphenylazo)phenoxy]hexyloxymethyl}acrylate (1) was synthesized and its polymerizability on radical and anionic polymerizations were investigated. Radical polymerization of 1 with (i-PrOCO_2)_2 at 30°C did not proceeded, while anionic polymerization with n-BuLi gave a by-product by the elimination of alkoxy anion. 1334 Recently, we have reported that the anionic polymerization of α-(alkoxymethyl) acrylates with lithium reagent proceeds in a highly isotactic-specific manner regardless of the polarity of solvents. Strong intra-and intermolecular coordination of the polar substituents of the growing polymer and monomers to the counter-cation (Li^+) may be the main factor in controlling the stereochemistry. In this report, stereoregularity of the polymer obtained by radical polymerization of benzyl α-(methoxymethyl)acrylate in the presence of various metal salts [initiator : (i-PrOCO_2)_2] was investigated. While any change was not observed on the stereoregularlity of the polymer obtained with LiCl as an additive, radical polymerization in the presence of ZnCl_2 gave a polymer having different tacticity from that prepared in the absence of metal salt. 1335 Recently, some β-diketonate complexes of some transition metals have been claimed as the catalysts for olefin polymerizations. For example, the homogeneous zirconium β-diketonate complexes combined with MAO displayed fairly high activity for ethylene polymerization. We have also reported that even the propylene polymerization proceeds substantially when dichlorobis (β-diketonate) titanium complexes are supported on MgCl_2. In this study, polymerizations of olefins were performed with β-diketonate complexes of various transition metals, i. e., Cr(acac)_3, Mn(acac)_3, Fe(acac)_3, Co(acac)_3 and Ni(acac)_3. Among these catalysts, the Cr(acac)_3-MAO catalyst displayed the highest activity for ethylene polymerization. These catalysts were, however, proved to be almost inactive for propylene polymerization. Olefin polymerizations were also conducted using the corresponding MgCl_2-supported catalysts. The activity for ethylene polymerization increased drastically by supporting the complexes on MgCl_2. In addition, it was demonstrated that some catalysts become active even for propylene polymerization to yield PP with fairly high [mm]. 1336 Novel optically active aromatic isocyanates 1-3 were synthesized and polymerized using the lithium amide of piperidine as an initiator in THF at -98°C. The obtained polymers of 1,2 showed very large specific rotation ([α]_<365>^<25>-3103°(poly-1), +1341°(poly-2)) and intense CD in the absorption region due to the main chain, indicating that these polymers have a predominantly one-handed helical conformation. In contrast, the specific rotation of poly-3 was rather small ([α]_<365>^<25>+218°). This indicates that in poly-3 the asymmetric center is too far from the main chain to induce an excess of one helical twist sense of the polymer main chain. The specific rotation of poly-2 changed from a high positive value to a high negative value by decreasing temperature and the CD band changed along the change of specific rotation from positive peak to negative one. This means that poly-2 undergoes a reversible helix-helix transition by changing temperature. 1337 Novel optically active phenyl isocyanates, 3-((S)-sec-butoxy) phenyl isocyanate (1), 3-((S)-2-methylbutoxy) phenyl isocyanate (2) and 3-((S)-3,7-dimethyloctyloxy) phenyl isocyanate (3) were synthesized and polymerized using the lithium amide of piperidine as an initiator in THF at -98°C.The obtained polymers from 1 and 2 showed very large specific rotation ([α]_<365>^<25>-3103°(poly-1), +1341°(poly-2)) and intense CD band in the absorption region due to the main chain, indicating that these polymers have a predominantly one-handed helical conformation. The specific rotation of poly-2 in THF, CHCl_3 and ether changed from a high positive value to a high negative value by decreasing temperature and the CD band changed along the change of specific rotation from positive peak to negative one. This means that poly-2 undergoes a reversible helix-helix transition in these solvents by changing temperature. The temperature at which poly-2 takes place the helix-helix transition differed greatly depending on the solvent. 1338 Triphenylmethyl^<1)>, diphenyl-2-pyridylmethyl^<2)> and 1-(3-pyridyl) dibenzosuberyl^<3)> methacrylates afford highly isotactic, optically active polymers with single-handed helical comformation by asymmetric anionic polymerization. In the present study, radical copolymerization of a vinyl monomer with divinylbenzene (DVB) or ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA) was carried out in the presence of these polymers as template molecules. Cross-linked gels obtained by the polymerization showed optical activities ([α]_<365>-462°--+105°) after removal of template molecules. The optically active gel obtained from methacrylic acid and EDMA using (+)-poly (1-(3-pyridyl) dibenzosuberyl methacrylate) as template exhibited chiral recognition ability toward several racemic compounds and racemic template polymer. The gel obtained from DVB containing ethylstyrenes using (+)-poly (triphenyl methyl methacrylate) as template had GPC effect when used as a HPLC stationary phase. 1) Y.Okamoto et al., J.Am. Chem. Soc., 101, 4763 (1979). 2) Y.Okamoto et al., Polym. J., 15, 851 (1983). 3) T.Nakano et al., submitted to Polym. J.. 1339 Wave transmission and reflection by a double-curtain walled breakwater were examined experimentally and theoretically. Especially, effect of a draft of the front curtain wall on the attenuation of reflection waves was clarified extensively. 1340 We found that 2,3-dicarboxyaniline was polymerized to yield poly (2,3-dicarboxyaniline). The self-doping structure was confirmed by ESCA spectra, which reveals 7% of self-doping ratio in the resulting polyaniline. Poly (2,3-dicarboxyaniline) shows a redox activity in acidic atmosphere and provokes two-electron transfer accompanied with two protons transfer in wide pH range (pH<6). In the present study we have observed a catalytic efficiency up to 95% toward four-electron reduction of oxygen modified by a polymer complex of Co (II) porphyrin with poly (2,3-dicarboxyaniline). Besides, our results reveal that the four-electron reduction of oxygen could be achieved under non-acidic conditions. 1341 A composite base isolation system has been developed using sliding bearings, rubber bearings and viscous dampers. This system sdopted for an 13-storey apartment house sited in near-field with regard to predicted fault rupture. 1342 The object of this study is to reuse concrete sludge made from ready-mixed-concrete plant and to grasp the behavior of concrete in order to apply effectively. In this paper, it is stated about whole plan of this experiment and the properties of fresh concrete. Result of that, it is turned out below ;1)Even in 10% of the mixed ratio of sludge, it does not differ about the properties of fresh concrete.2)It is confirmed to able to measure the water-cement ratio even for the concrete mixed sludge. 1343 The object of this study is to reuse concrete sludge made from ready-mixed-concrete plant and to grasp the behavior of concrete in order to apply effectively. In this paper, it is stated about the behavior of the part of solid sludge and the concrete mixed that up to 20% of sludge. Result of that, it is turned out below ;1)According as the mixed ratio of sludge, the mount of bleeding is on the decrease, and it becomes early the start and end of setting.2)In spite of the mixed ratio of sludge, the strength of early age is nearly equal, but the strength of concrete is developing slightly in case of the concrete mixed much of sludge. 1344 The object of this study is to reuse concrete sludge made from ready-mixed-concrete plant and to grasp the behavior of concrete in order to apply effectively. In this paper, it is stated about the strength development of concrete. Result of that, it is turned out below ;1)In spite of the mixed ratio of sludge, compressive strength and tensile one is nearly equal compared with plane concrete, but slight increase of strength is observed in case of concrete mixed with much of sludge.2)It is almost estimated the secant modulus by the equation of the Architectural Institute of Japan for the normal strength concrete. 1345 The object of this study is to reuse concrete sludge made from ready-mixed-concrete plant and to grasp the behavior of concrete in order to apply effectively. In this paper, it is stated about drying shrinkage and durability (carbonation and resistance of freezing and thawing) with concrete sludge. Result of that, it is turned out below ;1)Drying shrinkage is increased slightly by mixing concrete sludge.2)The progressive speed of carbonation is same or rather fast by mixing concrete sludge.3)It is estimated to be no influence to the resistance of freezing and thawing by mixing concrete sludge. 1346 A mobile computing and the use of the Internet is becoming common, it is nessesary to provide secure mobility support mechanism for the Internet. Using IETF standard Mobile IP and IPSEC, we implemented a secure Mobile IP system which enables mobile nodes to access internal hosts from outside of their firewalls. This paper presents the detail of the implementaion and results of performance evaluation. 1347 2-Methacryloyloxyetyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) polymer could be coated on various materials for improvement of blood compatibility. However, the detachment of MPC polymer coated on the surface is occurred by strong physical force. In this study to make strong coating layer with the MPC polymer on the materials, the sol-gel processing method is applied. To combine the MPC polymer with silica matrix, new MPC polymer, the copolymer (PMBU) composed of MPC and 2-Methacryloyloxyethyl butylurethane which was expected to interact by the hydrogen bonding with silanol groups was synthesized. The surface coating with the hybrid gel of silica PMBU was proceeded well and the surface blood compatibility of the conventional material such as glass and PET was improved by the coating. 1348 We propose a new flow control method to improve the efficiency of TCP and to extend the apllication range of TCP.The method is based on estimating the bandwidth (throughput) through dividing the acknowledged data-size by the ACK interval times, and computing the appropriate window size by multiplying this bandwidth by minimum RTT.The proposed method has two advantages over conventional flow control methods. The first one is the reduced time necessary to reach to a suitable window size, that is, an appropriate window size can already be estimated with the arrival of the second ACK.The second advantage is, because it uses the ACK intervals and minimum RTT, and because the number of system variables as well as the number of constant is small, the applicable range is broad implying that it can be suitable for asymmetric networks. 1349 This study focused on the filtration characteristics of a ceramic membrane-coupled anaerobic bioreactor system designed for treatment of coagulated raw sludge and based on that to determine optimal membrane pore size for the recovery of VFAs from sludge suspension. Membrane fouling was mainly attributed to permeate resistance of cake layer (R_C), which was formed by a strongly deposited from physico-chemical interactions of solids with the membrane surface. From the result, it is considered 1μm of membrane pore size is most appropriate for the VFAs recovery. 1350 Lyotropic cholesteric liquid crystals have herical structures, and helical pitches can be controlled by temperature and concentration. Immobilization of helical structures is useful for UV-cut filter etc. Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) derivatives show various choresteric pitches in various solvents. We mixtured HPC derivative and acrylic acid derivative (TMPTA), and photopolymerizated this LC solution. The result shows immobilization have been finished at this condition. But to use low intensity UV in a reaction helical pitches of immobilizated LC solutions shifted to small pithes. This shows that to immobilizate helical strusture perfectly we will use high intensity UV in this reaction. 1351 Macroporous (MR) poly (4-chlorobutylstyrene) resins were synthesized by suspension copolymerization of 4-chlorobutylstyrene with divinylbenzene (10--30 mol%) using 4-methyl-2-pentanol as a diluent. MR-type, heat-resistant anion exchange resins were prepared by quaternization of the resulting poly (4-chlorobutylstyrene) resins with trimethylamine. The surface area and pore volume of the anion exchange resins depended on the amount of the diluent. The MR-type anion exchange resin with moderate specific surface area (25--30 m^2, g) was obtained when the diluent/monomers volume ratio was 1.0.Ester exchange reaction between ethylene carbonate and methanol was conducted using the anion exchange resin of the OH form as a catalyst at 40--50°C. 1352 In an odor sensing system, a flow-type measurement system has been used to supply odor vapor to the sensor cell. Although we have used the maximum frequency shifts of QCM sensors as the sensor outputs, the shapes of the trasnient responses may be useful to discrimimate odor samples. Morever, the sensing system should be robust when measurement condition such as vapor concentration at sensors fluctuates. Then, we proposed pulse vapor-supply method and modelled the measurement system. Since the supplied concentration was kept constant for short time, the model became simple enough to have the robustness. The model parameters obtained from the analysis of trasient sensor response were used as sensor outputs. The pattern separation among various samples with different concentrations was improved when the model parameters of transient responses after the pulse vapor-supply were used. 1353 The Hirano river reservoir now being constructed by Osaka city. This reservoir is part of the Neyagawa river southern underground river. In this construction, this reservoir is being constructed using the mud pressure shield method with an outer diameter of 11.52m.In this construction, because it is a large section, one screw conveyor and dual pumping system distributed to right and left are used.In this text, the characteristic of dual pumping system is shown and it reports on the method of controlling the face stability and this system. 1354 A new approach to the preparation of N-phthaloylchitosan (1) was performed. This method involves two-step reactions ; a) N-(2-carboxy)benzoylation of chitosan with phthalic anhydride in aqueous medium, and b) thermal and dehydrative cyclization of N-(2-carboxy)benzoylchitosan (2) in vacuo. Although 2 was derived from chitosan with phthalic anhydride in methanolic aqueous acetic acid, the maximum degree of substitution is about 50%. However, we found that the reaction could be complete by changing pH of the reaction mixture to 9 giving the fully N-substituted derivative 2. Moreover 2 was converted into 1 in almost quantitative yield by heating at 165 °C for 7 h in vacuo. The structures of both compounds were confirmed by using ^1H and ^<13>C NMR and elemental analyses. Futher regioselective modifications using 1 are in progress. 1355 Equalization of delay distortion is one of the most fundamental and most difficult problems in radio communications. There has been the time-domain method, in which equalization is performed by convolution of the received waveform and inverse characteristics of the propagation path. The author presented the frequency-domain method, in which equalization is performed by deconvolution of the received waveform and transfer function of the propagation path. In this paper, how to identify the transfer function in the frequency-domain method is shown. The path is assumed to be expressed by a main wave and a delay wave. 1356 Equalization of delay distortion is one of the most fundamental and most difficult problems in radio communications. There has been the time-domain method, in which equalization is performed in the time domain by use of a transversal filter. The authorpresented the frequency-domain method, in which equalization is performed by deconvolution of the received waveform and transfer function of the propagation path. In the frequency-domain method obtaining the transfer function of propagation path is of the first importance. In this paper, how to identify the transfer function of propagation path with multiple delay waves is shown. 1357 Alternate adsorption between Poly-L-Lysine Hydrobromide(PLL) under helical structure and polyacrylate(PAc) was conducted. Regular growth processes were confirmed by Quartz Crystal Microbalance(QCM) measurement at each step. Layer-by-layer films can be prepared even from diluted PLL solution, because the rigid helical structure of PLL layers allows to remain extra charge units on the surface of solution side without excess adsorption. 1358 A rubbing treatment of polymer surface is generally carried out to obtain a uni-axially oriented mono domain state of the director of liquid crystal (LC) molecules for fabrication of LCD panel. However, the rubbing process generates a few of serious disadvantages such as a static charge or a dust occurred by contacting between polymer surface and rubbing cloth. Therefore, a novel technique for control of LC orientation induced by non-rubbing process has been strongly required.In this study, a novel technique for surface-induced orientation of LC molecules was proposed by using a polyimide surface exposed in unidirectional water stream. The director of LC molecules was unidirectionally oriented along the water flow direction on the polyimide surface. The orientational state of LC director was strongly dependent upon whether the water flow exposure was carried out before or after thermal curing for imidization. 1359 The surface structure of high density polyethylene (HDPE) (Mw=520k with large Mw/Mn) single crystals (SC) prepared by a self-seeding method (as-grown PESC) and then, treated by fuming nitric acid at 333 K for 24 hrs (acid-treated PESC) were investigated by scanning force microscopy. The nitric acid treatment did not make the shape of PESC changed under AFM.In the case of LFM measurement for the as-grown PESC, a marked contrast of lateral force was observed in the adjacent sectors of PESC, indicating an existence of an apparent anisotropic lateral force. Also, the marked contrast of as-grown PESC between adjacent sectors was disappeared by a fuming nitric acid treatment. It is well accepted that folding chains on HDPE SC are removed from the surface by the fuming nitric acid treatment. Therefore, it indicates that the chain folding on the surface of the HDPE SC surface prepared by the self-seeding method is in the state of an adjacent and regular sharp reentry. Moreover, it is apparent that the lateral force reflects a chain folding state on HDPE SC surface. 1360 The strength and permeability of cement-mixed granulated slag were measuried to test its adaptability to roadbeds of Kyushu Shinkansen tunnels dug through shirasu sediments susceptible to groundwater, and results are presented. the laboratory test. showed the slag increases its strength and decreases its permeability proportionately as the amount of cement added increases, that 8-percent cement mix(after 2-week curing) had its coefficient of permeability approximately 7.1X10-3cm/sec and that during 8-week curing period, the coefficient fluctuates little. Furthermore, the field test showed granulated slag roadbeds are effective in lowering the groundwater level in stirasu sediments. 1361 This paper describes the cyclic load test of railway roadbed using granulated slag. It is purpose of this paper to examine the durability of roadbed under train cyclic load on Kyushu Shinkansen tunnels dug through shirasu.The 2×10^6times cyclic test was performed in near shirasu tunnel. The cyclic test showed that the roadbed settlement was very small , the roadbed and shirasu ground were safe. 1362 Some tunnels of Kyushu Shinkansen in Kagoshima prefecture will be constructed on a pumice-flow deposit "Shirasu"under the groundwater. However, base course on Shirasu under the groundwater is afraid tobe damaged by cyclic load of the train, because the Shirasu has no. t enough strength to erosi'on or increase of pore water pressure. This paper introduces base course improvement with blast-furnace slag to construct permeable base course which can prevent leak of soil particle. Since this method has never used on the . Shirasu, compaction and stress characteristics of the improved ground were studied and a longtime durability test on a model ground was performed. 1363 We explored the main zones accumulated stores by case study in Oguni-town, Niigata pref The results are as follows : 1. Inhabitants often do their shopping in the zones where the stores are located on new arterial road. 2. The process of changes of the store location is various in the zones. The commercial center zone of the town in the past declines. 3. Composition of types of store changes in each zone. 4. Changes of arterial road intensely influence the store location. 5. Operation and relationship with community is different between the stores located on new arterial road and on old one. 1364 Glycinebetaine is one of the compatible solutes that is accumulated in the chloroplasts of certain halotolerant plants like Chenopodiaceae. This osmoprotectant is synthesized by 2 step oxidation via the route choline ⟶ bethaine aldehyde ⟶ glycine betaine in plants. The first step is catalyzed by choline monooxygenase(CMO) and the second step is catalyzed by Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase(BADH).BADH cDNA in plants and bacteria have been isolated and well analyzed. CMO gene in plants have also been cloned from few plants. However, CMO cDNA clones have not well been analyzed and applied. Learning about the molecular mechanisms of this gene is important to apply glycine betaine to genetic engineering that improve plant salt tolerance. This led us to isolate Chenopodium album L.CMO cDNA and analyze their expression. 1365 The following state-of-the-art engineering and problem of mass concrete were reported.1) Problem of execution control2) Temperature history and strength development3) Low heat cement4) Prediction of temperature stress5) Condition of thermal cracking occurrence 1366 The spalling behavior of high-strength concrete exposed to fire is discussed in accordance with fire tests on 10cm ^<*> 10cm ^<*> 40cm specimens. Both water-binder ratio and silica fume were adopted as test parameters. As the results of the tests, concrete with silica fume leads to deeper spalling than that of concrete without silica fume. However there is not significant difference of porosity scatter between concrete with silica fume and concrete without silica fume. Further more a trial to find an index of spalling was done. It is possible that spalling behavior can be expressed with the combination of three parameters, which are porosity, moisture content and tensile strength of mortar in concrete. 1367 We have synthesized novel hole-transporting dimeric tetraphenyldiamines, in which tetraphenyldiamine derivatives are connected through methylene group. Those dimeric aryldiamines have high glass transition temperatures around 100°C and have appropriate ionization potential as a hole transport layer (5.4 eV). Two layer EL devices, composed of ITO! dimeric aryldiamines! aluminum complex (Alq), Mg : Ag, exhibited bright green light (>10, 000 cd/m^2) from the Alq layer, suggesting that the new dimeric diamines serve as a hole-transport layer in organic EL devices. 1368 We have synthesized organic fluorescence materials of high molecular weight. The glass transition temperature of these materials were determined to be about 170°C by using differential scanning calorimetry. Organic EL devices consisting of ITO/CuPc (150Å)/TPD (400Å)/ZnOXD Doped with new material (30%)(150Å)/ZnOXD (450Å) / LiF/Al exhibited blue emission and a high luminance of 14000 cd/m2. A high efficiency of 5.6 lm/W was also observed. It is suggest that these materials are useful as blue emitting materials. 1369 A human power pedal air pump is proposed to be used to help victims in the case of disaster. Compared to other types of air pumps, such as hand power pump and foot power pump, it can generate big energy, it can reduce burden for feet, and it can be carried anywhere. Basic characteristics are discussed here. 1370 We have described that allene monomers bearing various substituents undertake the living coordination polymerization by allylnickel catalysts to give corresponding polymers in high yields. As to explore the possibility to realize novel functional materials on the basis of polyallenes, allene monomers having both binaphthyl and carbamate moieties were synthesized from 1,1 -bi-2-naphthol and the coordination polymerization of the allene monomers was carried out under various conditions. As a result, the polymerization was found to proceed in the living mechanism, giving the corresponding polymers in high yields. The polymer produced from R-isomer was supposed to have a higher-order structure from the circular dichroism (CD) curves and the X-ray diffraction pattern. 1371 Tetraphenylporphyrinatoiron(II) derivatives (FeP) are incorporated into human serum albumin (HSA) providing synthetic hemoprotein which is able to bind and release dioxygen reversibly under physiological conditions (pH 7.4, 37°C). In order to increase the O_2-binding content of HSA-FeP, we have recently synthesized dimerized HSA by bis(maleimide)hexane as closslink agent, in which total 16 molecules of FePs can be incorporated ((HSA-FeP)_2). Upon exposure to dioxygen to the deoxy (HSA-FeP)_2 solution, the spectrum changed immediately to the corresponding dioxygenated spectrum. The O_2-binding affinity (P_<1, 2>(O_2)) was 30 Torr, and O_2-association and -dissociation rate constants were 2.4x10^7M^<-1>s^<-1> and 3.2x10^2s^<-1>, respectively. 1372 A new phase-separation system with a solvent for phenol in addition to phenol and acid was designed. Hinoki extractive-free wood meals were treated by the standard phase-separation process followed by adding an inactive solvent. Three layers were formed by centrifugation. The upper layer was clear, containing phenols. The middle layer was a brown solid mass (lignin fractions). The lower layer was clear and yellow, including hydrolyzed carbohydrates. Lignocresol separated from the middle layer had few difference with solvents used. 1373 Recently, we have reported the thermal polymerization of uniform aromatic macrocyclic oligocarbonates which gave ultra high polymers. In this report, synthesis and polymerization of uniform bisphenol Z type macrocyclic carbonates is described. The dimer, trimer, and tetramer of bisphenol Z cyclics did not polymerize below 250 °C but afforded high polymer (Mw>340,000-670,000) at 300 °C The rate of conversion of bisphenol Z type oligomer was slower than that of bisphenol A type oligomer. 1374 We have investigated the formation of polylon complex (PlC) nicelles from a pair of oppositely charged block copolymers or block copolymer and homopolymer. PlC micelles were characterized by 10 nm-scaled diameter with extremely narrow distribution and core-shell structure. Here, the relationship between the corrposition of bkck copolymers and the diameter was evaluated by using light scattenng techniques. PlC micelles were prepared by mixing poly (ethylene gly col)-b-poly (aspartic acid) with poly (ethylene gly col)-b-poly (L-ly sine) or poly(L-ly sine) at stoichiometnc (electrically neutralized) ratio. The diameter of PlC micelles were different with the combination of charged polymers. However, the density of poly(ethylene glycol) at the surface between core and corona was dependent on the composition of block copolymers. 1375 Recently with an increase in diabetes cases, there is a need for a more advanced treatment. We have investigated a novel device for diabetes using a glucose-sensitive polymer gel, in which the change in the volume of gel was synchronized with the change in the concentration of glucose. Our previous work has shown that the gel [NB gel], which was synthesized from N-isopropylacrylamide [NIPAAm] and 3-acrylamidephenyl boronic acid [AAPBA], exhibits a volume transition responding to glucose concentration at 28°C in a pH9. 0 solution.In this study, with the addition of an ionic monomer (acrylic acid), a novel gel was prepared from NIPAAm, AAPBA and acrylic acid attempting to raise the transition temperature to that in the body (37°C). A marked increasing in the turbidity at 500nm was observed at phase transition temperature, when raising temperature. It was confirmed that the transition temperature increased with an increase in an introduction of acrylic acid or glucose concentration. The glucose-sensitive gel, which could control the on-off release of insulin, is expected to be prepared by the control of the amount of acrylic acid and phenylboronic acid. 1376 Fullerene films prepared on air-water interfaces were transfered onto Au(111) surfaces. In situ STM revealed that the domains of two lattices of C_<60> adlayers with different rotational angles coexisted on Au(111) surfaces. These two lattices were assigned 2 √ 3 X 2 √ 3 and 7 X 7. Both the same structures of C_<60> adlayers on Au(111) surfaces have been reported for the arrays prepared by vapor deposition. The epitaxial adlayers of fullerenes on Au(111) can be also prepared by simple transfering of Langmuir films. 1377 The phenylcarbamate derivatives of cellulose and amylose exhibit a high chiral recognition ability and afford very useful chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). However, these could not be conveniently used as the CSPs for thin-layer chromatography (TLC) because of their strong UV absorption which is usually used for detection. On the other hand, alkylcarbamates such as methyl and isopropyl derivatives of the polysaccharides are known to exhibit a much lower chiral recognition. In the present study, we found that the cycloalkylcarbamates of cellulose and amylose show high chiral recognition abilities as CSPs for HPLC.For instance, the chiral recognition abilities of amylose tris(cyclohexylcarbamate) were higher for several racemates than those of the popular CSPs, the tris(3,5-dimethylcarbamate)s of cellulose and amylose. Since the cycloalkylcarbamates have little UV absorption, these could be conveniently used not only for HPLC but also for TLC like silica gel which is very popular in the field of organic synthesis. 1378 Artificial glycoconjugate polymers (glycopolymers) show interesting functions based on their clustered sugars and amphiphilic characters. We previously reported the application of glycopolymers using their biological recognition abilities. Polysaccharides derivatives, particularly carbamates of cellulose and amylose, have been successfully used for the resolution of many racemic compounds. In this study, glycopolymers are applied to the preparation of chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). We prepared 3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate of glucose- and galactose- carrying polyisocyanides and evaluated their chiral recognition abilities as CSPs for HPLC.Some racemates were completely or partially resolved. 1379 Phenylcarbamate derivatives of polysaccharides are known to show high chiral recognition as chiral stationary phases (CSPs) in HPLC.Particularly, tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) derivatives have heen widely used to separate a broad range of racemates, including drugs. However, the solvents such as chloroform and tetrahydrofuran which dissolve or swell the polysaccharide derivatives cannot be used as main mobile phases for the CSPs.We immobilized cellulose phenylcarbamate derivatives having methyl or vinyl groups on silica surface by a following method. Silica gel was first coated with a cellulose phenylcarbamate derivative, and then a mixture of styrene, divinylbenzene and radical initiator was added. The cellulose phenylcarbamate derivative was immobilized on the silica surface by radical copolymerization of styrene and divinylbenzene. The resulting CSPs were stable under chromatographic conditions with a small amount of chloroform. 1380 we synthesized copolymers of maleimide and norbomene bearing [2+2] type photoreactive moieties such as the cinnamoyl groups(PHN-CiC,PHN-CiN) and the chalconyl group(PHN-Ch) as photo-alignment materials. These copolymers have high Tg(157-1870°C) and exhibit good solubilities for common solvents such as CHCl_3, CH_2Cl_2, THF etc. Photodimerization reaction upon irradiation of non-polarized UV light(500w high pressure mercury lamp) in PHN-Ch film took place faster than in PHN-CiC and PHN-CiN films. Upon irradiation of a linear-polarized UV light, the absolute value of the dichroic ratio in PHN-Ch film increased with increasing of exposure time(maximum d. c. was -0.1 at 22mW/cm^2). 1381 There are many disasters caused by cracks in concrete structures. It is thus important to detect the cracks in concrete structures. The paper proposes a non-destructive test using ultra-sonic sensors which detects the cracks in concrete structures and measures their positions based on a reflected-wave model and a reflection time map in the structure. This method enables the positions of the cracks to be accurately measured by making a pattern matching between actual and predicted reflected waves. 1382 Freely curved surface means a curved surface which is free from all kinds of geometical condition and conseguently is not able to be defined mathematically. The purpose of this study is to clear problems for utilizing freely curved surface in actual architecture design and building construction and partially solve them. In this paper authors state the import of this study. 1383 In this paper, authors try to discuss and clear the structural characteristics of structural members and joint systems for freely curved surface roofs. And authors try to design several typed structures using this structural systems. Structural design methods for freely curved surface roofs, using aluminum panels, are proposed. 1384 This paper describes the method of division of a roof into panels, structural systems, joint systems and the production and installation of panels for the construction of curved roofs. As one of the kyc issues for the future, the computer syetem needs to be developed that provides support throughout the process from panel production based on the design data to on-site erection and inspection. 1385 It is expected that naturally ventilation occured by solar heat contributes to passive cooling of an Shell-Roof with air layer. In this paper we report about the feasibility of the cooling performance. By experiment under real weather in summer, we recognized the roof performance of cooling. The temperature of roof was 5°C lower than usual Shell-Roof. And the heat flow to inside was 30--50% lower. This Shell-Roof with ventilated air layer seems to have more effect on cooling, by using insulation, low radiating, or more. 1386 It is expected that naturally ventilation occurred by solar heat contributes to passive cooling of a Shell-Roof with air layer. In this paper we report about the feasibility of the cooling performance. By experiment under real weather in summer, we recognized the roof performance of cooling. The temperature of roof was 10 °C lower than usual Shell-Roof . And the air temperature of upper point of the roof was higher than the one of lower point. And The Shell-Roof with ventilated air layer expects to have more effect on cooling by using insulation, low radiating, or more. 1387 We have been studying on the synthesis of heterobifunctional poly(ethylene glycol) possessing various functional groups. The main object of this study is the synthesis ofheterobifunctional poly(ethylene glycol) possessing a mercapto group at one end and an acetal moiety at the other end.To achive this objective, two step reaction was employed. The first step was to prepare heterotelechelics with an acetal moiety at one end and a methylsulfonyl moiety at the other end by an anionic ring opening polymerization of BO using potassium(3,3-diethoxypropyl)alcoholate as an initiator, followed by the reaction with methanesulfonylchloride to form acetal-PEG-OSO_2CH_3. The methylsulfonyl end group was converted to ethyldithiocarbonate moiety by the reaction with a potassium a -ethyldithiocarbonate in dry THF solution at room temprature. Acetal-PEG-dithiocarbonate was confirmed to be deprotected by appropriate agent to form PEG possessing a mercapt group. Caracterization of the resulting polymers were investigated by ^1H-NMR,^<13>C-NMR,UV and MALDI TOF-MSS.From the various analyses, it was confirmed that a heterobifunctionalpoly(ethylene glycol) with a mercapto group at one end was successfully prepared. 1388 An attempt has been made to develop a comprehensive on-site method for evaluating the durability of concrete structures, In this method, solution of water soluble polymer with known molecular weight distribution is forced to permeate and pass through the cross section of concrete specimen by rather high pressure (3N/mm^2), then the distribution of polymers in outlet solution is analyzed and compared to that in the original solution. It was recognized that the distribution varies with reflecting the difference of microstructures such as size and linkage character of pores in concrete. So, It was confirmed that this newly developed method, names as "WSP ingress method", is considerably available to the on-site inspection for the integrity of concrete structure. 1389 This paper describes the effects of water-cement ratio on the development of strength and on heat generation of concrete using modified grading and mineral composition of belite-based cement. The results showed that highly pulverized belite-based cement improved initial strength, and its increasing rate of strength was greater than that of ordinary Portland cement. These effects remarkably incresed as water-cement decreased. The adiabatic temperature rise of highly pulverized belite-based cement concrete was equal to that of general belite-based cement concrete. 1390 A lot of insulators, which are used by Electric utilities, are reused when these are taken off from poles or at the substations. On the other hand, some are scrapped because of the corrosion of metal fittings and the cracks of ceramics parts. These ceramics parts of the scrapped insulators maintain the high quality for physical properties of ceramics. Hence, we report here the application to repair a channel's invert of hydropower station with the scrapped-insulator (ceramics parts) crashed materials mixed with mortar. The trial has been conducted at Ikuta hydropower station. 1391 Soil container tests were conducted to confine the fitness between measured flow velocity and analized one in the area enclosed by vertical barrierwall similarlity and enclosing effect.This report presents the result of the seepage flow analysis in order to understand the effect of the flow velocity decerase in the enclosure area and the parameter of the tests. 1392 In the securing technic for contaminated ground water, it is general to enclose contaminant using vertical barrier penetrated upto impermeable layer, but when the impermeable layer is deep position, it would be wasteful. This thesis presents an approach to identify enclosing effect of vertical barrier without penetrating up to impermeable layer. We measured ground water velocity and its direction of flow by the use of flow meter and pigment using evperimental soil container assumed enclosing contaminant using vertical barrier. 1393 Soil container tests were conducted to confine the fitness between measured flow velocity and analized one in the area enclosed by vertical barrier wall, sirnilarlity and enclosing effect. (width, depth of vertical barrier wall) As the results of these t. ests seepage flow analysis is applicable to predict the flow velocity. 1394 Recently, we have demonstrated that poly(ethene-alt-1-octene) can be obtained from the ethene-1-octene copolymerization with the C_1 symmetrical meso-Me_2Si(2-Me-l-Ind)_2ZrCl_2 , catalyst, , i. e., the obtained copolymer was found to have over 94% of [EO] dyad. In this study, we have conducted the copolymerizations of ethene and several α-olefins using the Et(1-Ind)(9-Flu)ZrCl_2 catalyst, which is assumed to be more sterically hindered. Among the copolymers obtained in this sturdy, the ethene-1-decene copolymer displayed the highest dyad, [ED]>99%. 1395 We successfully prepared polar films of carbazole main-chain polymers by spin coating under one-dimensional flow. These films had an in-plane polar anisotropy, in which the dielectric axes were parallel to the direction of the flow and they were stable even at elevated temperature. Absolute molecular orientation of the polar films were determined by second-harmonic generation (SHG) phase measurement. In the SHG phase measurement, we also succeed in calculating d_<eff> of polar films from the interference patterns theoretically and experimentally. We demonstrated the theoretical fitting of the interference pattern and the calculation of d_<eff> with the poled dye-doped polymer. 1396 All this while, we have been developing the simulation model for dissemination of disaster information to study efficiency of dissemination. However, this model was developing only to compute, therefore general user could not use easily. In this study, we develop the general-purpose system that has made possible general user study dissemination efficiently of disaster information. 1397 Betulin is a triperpene compound involved in the outer bark of birch, although the betulin diacetate can be extracted from the outer bark of birch with acetic acid However, polymers from betulin and its derivatives have never been reported Therefore we investigated whether the betulin diacetate can be polymerized by ordinary polymerization catalysts such as Lewis acid catalysts. Consecequently we found that oligomerization of the betulin diacetate takes place. 1398 Maintaining image quality is an essential requirement for digital watermarking. Previous methods for maintaining image quality, however, embedded watermarks onto contours of objects and distorted the contours because they used inadequate criteria for deciding which portions of an image is suitable for hiding watermarks. This paper proposes a new criterion that avoids distortion of object contours. Experimental evaluations have shown the effectiveness of the proposed method and also have shown that the method can be generally applied to watermark systems of the type of changing pixel intensity. 1399 This paper proposes a new technique for capturing human motions based on the factorization method. The technique employs multiple settled video cameras without calibration. The measurement matrix is extended so that it contains motion information. By single application of the factorization to the matrix, a 3-D human motion during observation time is recovered all at once. Experimental results were satisfactory. 1400 We explored the optical switching behavior of diffraction beams by means of polymer azobenzene liquid crystal films. In their isotropic phase, a reversible control of the diffraction beams could be performed optically by writing beams (Ar^+ laser, λ = 488 nm) as a stimulus. Diffraction efficiency strongly depended on the polarization of the writing beams. Since the initial molecular alignment is isotropic, it is speculated that the formation of the diffraction grating results from a generation of microscopic molecular alignment in the irradiated regions of the interference pattern, It is considered that the behavior observed in this study is useful to establish the dynamic holography and various applications. 1401 Unique characteristics of liquid crystals (LCs) were observed in phase-type gratings which were formed in polymer azobenzene LC (PALC) films. Generation of sinusoidal variation of surface of the films was confirmed by atomic force microscopy. However, comparison of diffraction efficiency (η) with surface modulation in each grating revealed that the gratings could not only be characterized as conventional surface-relief gratings. Remarkable enhancement in η was observed when grating formation was carried out in nematic (N) phase rather than in glassy state. Dynamics of diffraction beams indicated that the grating formation was associated with photochemical phase transition of PALC.It was assumed that isotropic (I) phases were formed by photochemical reaction of azobenzene moieties in the interference pattern at an appropriate interval. The gratings would be made up by periodic modulation in refractive index based on alternate arrangement of I and N phases as well as slight modulation of surface structure. Anisotropy in η with respect to the linearly-polarized readout beam supported our hypothesis. We also examined holographic image storage in PALC films. 1402 We investigated formation of refractive-index modulated gratings in the isotropic phase of polymer azobenzene liquid-crystal (PALC) films. On irradiation of writing beams (Ar^<+>laser, λ = 488 nm), a first-order diffraction light of readout beam (He-Ne laser, λ = 633 nm) was immediately observed even though PALCs exhibited optically isotropic state. Diffraction efficiency depended on the polarization direction of the writing beams. When linearly polarized beams were employed for the writing beams, the highest diffraction efficiency was obtained. It was speculated that photoinduced alignment of azobenzene moieties was caused in bright regions of the interference pattern. Polarized absorption spectra of PALC films indicated that the alignment change was induced by irradiation of the linearly polarized light at 488 nm. Rise and decay times of the diffraction signal were evaluated as approximately 400 and 300 ins, respectively. Furthermore, the grating formation could be controlled repeatedly by turning on and off the writing beams. 1403 New Copolyesters of 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) and 4-hydroxybutyrate (4HB) were produced by <Alcaligenes>___- <eutrophus>___- from various carbon sources of 4-hydroxybuthric acid,1,4-butanediol,and γ-butyrolactone.The composition of copolyesters varied from 0 to 49 mol-%,depending on both fermentation conditions and carbon sources supplied.The phsical and mechanical properties of P(3HB-co-4HB) were strongly dependent upon the copolymer compositions.The crystallinity of copolyester film decreased from 60 to 10% as 4HB fraction increased from 0 to 49 mol-%.The melting temperature decreased from 180 to 150 °C with the 4HB fraction.The copolyester film became soft with the 4HB fraction,and the strain increased from 5 to 444 % at 16 mol-% 4HB.The copolyesters of over 40 mol-% 4HB fraction exhibited the mechanical properties of an elastic rubber.The P(3HB-co-4HB) copolyester films were biodegradable in soil and activated sludge.The rate of biodegradation increased with increasing the 4HB fraction. 1404 The present authors revealed that titanium and its alloys naturally form calcium phosphates on them.In addition,the calcium phosphate formed on titanium is most similar to apatite.In this study,ion-implanted titaniums and titanium alloys by powder metallurgy were trially manufactured,in order to invite titanium materials forming calcium phosphates faster than titanium doing.The results indicate that titanium implanted over 10^<17>, cm^2 Ca ions rapidly form calcium phosphates. 1405 Pearl oysters,<Pinctada fucata>___-,adhere to the foreign objects with the adhesive proteins secreted from their gland.This adhesive protein has not yet been studied and looks promise as the domestic adhesive protein which may give many useful knowledge as marine adhesive protein.Oysters were setted on five substrates such as glass,polyamide (PA),polycarbonate (PC),polytetrafluoroethylene (teflon) and granite,and after one night they adhered to the substrates with the secreted threads.Bonding strengths between a substrate and the thread of the pearl oyster were estimated to be 1.09-2.95 kgf, cm^2 based on the adhesive disc.However,since the threads broke or removed from the joining part between the thread and the disc on most measurments,bonding strengths based on the thread were to be 530-1700 kgf/cm^2.Both the average value and the maximum of bonding strength of the disc were the largest to granite,and were the second largest to PA.The average bonding strength to teflon was larger than that to glass.The amino acid analyses of the adhesive proteins of the thread and the disc gave almost same amino acid compositions.